Rh D Blood Group

Background: Based on clinical aspects, ABO and rhesus blood grouping are more significant among several blood groupings. Blood group is related with many diseases and defective cross-matching during blood transfusion may cause even death. As numerous Bangladeshi people go to foreign countries as worker, the link of blood groups with various physical complications is significant to physicians and policy-makers.
Objective: The objectives of this study are to screen out the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among foreign visa expected Bangladeshi workers along with the association of ABO and Rh blood group with gender.
Methodology: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Visa expecting Bangladeshi workers were randomly selected from all divisions of Bangladesh and then male and female workers were categorized according to their ABO and Rh blood group. The study was carried out in Al-Riyadh Medical Checkup, Banani, Dhaka from 9th July, 2015 to 27th January, 2016. Blood samples of 1221 people including 1055 male and 166 female were grouped by ABO and Rhesus ‛D’ antigen and further categorized according to sex and location. The Data was statistically analyzed by SPSS version 18.
Result: Blood group B (Total: 34.81%, Male: 33.9%, Female: 40.4%) showed higher frequency followed by group O (Total: 31.45%, Male: 31.9%, Female: 28.3%), A (Total: 26.21%, Male: 27.2%, Female: 19.9%) and AB (Total: 7.53%, Male: 6.9%, Female: 11.4%).The frequency of Rh ‛D’ positive (Total: 97.54%, Male: 97.4%, Female: 98.2%) supported previous literature study is higher than Rh ‛D’ negative (Total: 2.46%, Male: 2.6% , Female: 1.8%). Finally, ABO and Rh blood type are distributed as: B+ve (Total: 34.1%, Male: 33.2%, Female: 39.8%)>O+ve (Total: 30.7%, Male: 31.2%, Female: 27.7%) > A+ve (Total: 25.4%, Male: 26.4%, Female: 19.3%)>AB+ve (Total: 7.4, Male: 6.7%, Female: 11.4%)˃A-ve (Total: 0.8%, Male: 0.9%, Female: 0.6%)>O-ve (Total: 0.7%, Male: 0.8%, Female: 0.6%)>B-ve (Total: 0.7%, Male: 0.8%, Female:0.6%)>AB-ve (Total: 0.2%, Male: 0.2%, Female: 0.0%).
Conclusion: Over the period of the study, the overall trend of ABO and Rh blood group was B˃O˃A˃AB and Rh+ve ˃ Rh-ve, respectively, irrespective of gender. Moreover, ABO blood group showed association with gender (P˂0.05) but the relationship of Rh blood group with sex was statistically not significant.
Keyword: Blood grouping, ABO group, Rh group, Bangladeshi workers, Distribution.

Background. There are differences in the distribution and frequency of ABO and D blood groups in different populations of the world. Relatively very little information is available about blood group distributions in the Somali population. Objectives: To
identify the distribution and frequency of ABO and D blood groups among the Somali people. Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study of 1811 enrolled students of Jazeera University was conducted in Jazeera University diagnosis and research
center, Mogadishu-Somalia from December 2017 to December 2020. The result was presented as the frequency of each blood group with percentage. A Fisher’s exact test was carried out to test the significant association of the ABO blood group with sex
and D antigen with sex. Results. Blood group O was the most prevalent (61%), followed by A (27%), B (10%), and AB (2%). The D-antigen was present in 97% of participants and 3% were D-negative. The distribution of O+, A+, B+, AB+ among Dpositive subjects were 62%, 27%, 9% and 2.0% while that of O-, A-, B- and AB- among D-negative subjects were 57%, 27%, 12% and 3%, respectively. The frequencies of ABO and D-antigens in both male and female subjects were O>A> B > AB. However, this study found no significant difference of ABO with Sex and D-antigens with sex (P-value>0.05). Conclusions. The frequency of ABO and D blood groups among the Somalia population was found to be O>A> B > AB which was similar to
those reported from most East African populations.

ABO blood group is often known as a histo-blood group system as its antigens are expressed on the surface of the red blood cells and in addition to that also present on most of the tissues and in soluble forms in the secretions. The second most important blood group system is the Rhesus system and it is categorized into two group Rh positive and Rh negative. Both the ABO and Rh blood group system are important for blood transfusion, organ transplantation, paternal testing, legal medicine, population genetic study and also in the field of forensic science investigation purposes. The study was conducted to determine the frequency of ABO and Rh blood group in Northern India Population (Delhi and nearby states). The Blood was collected from the voluntarily participated donors and blood group was determined by simple agglutination method. During the study total 584 donors were screened and the results showed that the commonest ABO blood group was O (40.70%) followed by B (30.79%), A (17.56%) and AB (10.95%), Rh positive 82.85% and Rh negative 17.15% were found. In males the O (25.75%) positive was more common while in female B (35.45%) positive blood group was more common.

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