The article outlines a history of the concept of “disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs” or DMARDs—from the emergence in the 1970s of the idea of drugs with decisive long-term effects on bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), through... more
The article outlines a history of the concept of “disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs” or DMARDs—from the emergence in the 1970s of the idea of drugs with decisive long-term effects on bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), through the consolidation and popularisation in the term DMARD in 1980s and 1990s. It then examines the usage of the terms “remission-inducing drugs” (RIDs) and “slow-acting anti-rheumatic drugs” (SAARDs), which for some years offered competition to the term DMARDs, thus underscoring the contingency of the establishment of DMARD as a word. Finally, it juxtaposes the apparently spontaneous emergence of the three terms DMARD, SAARD and RID, and the disappearance of the latter two, with a failed attempt in the early 1990s to replace these terms with the new term “disease-controlling antirheumatic treatment” (DC-ART). The analysis highlights the paradoxical qualities of the DMARD concept as robust albeit tension ridden, while playing down the role of identified individuals and overarching explanations of purpose.
Context: As part of the development of the natural heritage of Morocco, an ethnobotanical and agronomic study was conducted in the regions of Figuig and Draa- Tafilalet. Aims: To collect detailed information about the usage of Brocchia... more
Context: As part of the development of the natural heritage of Morocco, an ethnobotanical and agronomic study was conducted in the regions of Figuig and Draa- Tafilalet.
Aims: To collect detailed information about the usage of Brocchia cinerea plant in human therapy and its incorporation into the feed system of livestock.
Methods: The survey was carried out over five months, using semi-structured and structured interviews. A total of 197 interviews with traditional health practitioners and educated villagers were conducted.
Results: Interview results showed that Brocchia cinerea is used in indigenous pharmacopeia to alleviate common diseases symptoms of the digestive system (36%), nervous system (19%), respiratory system (17%), ear, nose and throat (ENT) disorders (8%), and rheumatism (7%). The aerial parts of this plant were the most commonly used (36%), and the most preferred method for the preparation of traditional drugs was a decoction (33%). The results obtained from the agronomical survey show that the milk yield and meat production in ruminants noticeably increase after consumption of this plant.
Conclusions: The data collected may help prevent the loss of traditional knowledge on the use of plants characterizing the ecosystem of these study areas and may constitute preliminary information required for a future phytochemical study on the plants most frequently used. The agronomic survey carried out can help the range managers improve the forage quality by using Brocchia cinerea for the betterment of animal health and productivity.
Objective: Physiologic and chronic diseases damage the children’s psychological, communicative, social and emotional processes. Therefore, the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of child-oriented... more
Objective: Physiologic and chronic diseases damage the children’s psychological, communicative, social and emotional processes. Therefore, the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of child-oriented mindfulness on pain self-efficacy and pain anxiety of the children with rheumatism. Method: It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period. The statistical society included the children with rheumatism in the city of Isfahan in the autumn of 2018. 30 children with rheumatism were selected through non-random convenient sampling and randomly replaced into experimental and control groups. Then the experimental group received ten sixty-minute sessions of child-oriented mindfulness interventions during three months. The applied questionnaires included pain anxiety signs (Mc Cracken, et.al, 1992) and pain self-efficacy scale (Nicholas, 1989). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA. Findings: The results of the study showed that mindfulness therapy has significantly influenced pain self-efficacy and pain anxiety of the children with rheumatism (F=83.54, F=311.23, p<0.001). Moreover, the results showed that this therapy was able to significantly maintain its effect in time (p<0.001). The degree of statistical effect of mindfulness therapy on mindfulness on pain self-efficacy and pain anxiety was 74% and 91% respectively in the children with rheumatism. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that mindfulness therapy employing techniques such as thoughts, emotions and mindful behavior can be applied as an efficient therapy to increase pain self-efficacy and decrease pain anxiety of the children with rheumatism.
