Seed Testing

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed coating with arbuscular mychorrhizal fungi (AMF) on viability and vigor of soybean seeds during 6 month storage. This study consisted of two experiments conducted at ambient room and air-conditioned room from May through December 2011. The experiments were arranged in randomized complete block design with two factors. The first factor was seed coating i.e. untreated control and seed coating using AMF while
the second factor was storage period i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months. Results of experiments showed that soybean seeds maintained the viability > 88% after 2 months stored in ambient room and >85% after 4 months stored in air-conditioned room. The viability of untreated and coated seeds did not show significant differences in both experiments. Untreated seeds
indicated higher vigor either stored in ambient room (index vigor) or in air-conditoned room (speed of germination). Seeds coated with AMF showed the rate of increase in moisture content slower than the untreated ones during 6 month storage
in ambient room. After 6 month storage in air-conditioned room, the coated seeds had lower moisture content than the untreated. The viability of AMF spores coated on seeds was maintained during 6 month storage in both experiments.
Keywords: seed storage, storage room, storage period, viability, vigor

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pelapisan benih dengan cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA)terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih kedelai selama penyimpanan 6 bulan. Penelitian terdiri atas dua percobaan suhu ruang simpan berbeda yaitu suhu kamar dan AC, yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei hingga Desember 2011. Kedua percobaan menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak yang terdiri atas dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah pelapisan benih yaitu tanpa pelapisan (kontrol) dan pelapisan benih dengan CMA, sedangkan faktor kedua adalah periode simpan 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 6 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa benih kedelai yang disimpan pada suhu kamar mampu mempertahankan viabilitas > 88% hingga periode simpan 2 bulan, sedangkan pada suhu AC > 85% hingga periode simpan 4 bulan. Viabilitas benih kontrol dan benih yang dilapisi CMA tidak berbeda nyata pada kedua percobaan. Benih yang tidak dilapisi CMA menunjukkan vigor benih yang lebih tinggi, baik yang disimpan pada suhu kamar (tolok ukur indeks vigor) maupun pada suhu AC (tolok ukur kecepatan tumbuh). Benih yang dilapisi dengan CMA menunjukkan laju peningkatan kadar air yang lebih lambat dibandingkan kontrol selama penyimpanan 6 bulan pada suhu kamar. Kadar air benih yang dilapisi CMA lebih rendah dibanding kontrol setelah disimpan selama 6 bulan pada suhu AC. Viabilitas spora CMA yang dilapiskan pada benih kedelai dapat dipertahankan selama penyimpanan 6 bulan pada kedua percobaan. Kata kunci: penyimpanan benih, periode simpan, ruang simpan, viabilitas, vigor

ABSTRACT. Characterization and evaluation of genetic potential of bambara groundnut accessions is very important in order to obtain accessions with high yield potential and early maturity. The objective of this research was to study the phenology, morphology, and yield of four bambara groundnut accessions. This experiment was conducted using a randomized completely block design with one factor i.e. origin of accessions (Bogor and Sukabumi black testa, Sumedang black and brown testa). The results showed that days to seedling emergence of Sumedang brown testa were 9.7 days after sowing (DAS), three other accessions ranged from 8.0 to 8.3 DAS. Days to 75% flowering of Sumedang brown testa was 45.3 days, the other three accessions ranged from 46.0 to 46.7 DAS. Days to pod formation of Bogor and Sumedang accessions with black testa were 49 DAS, Sumedang brown testa at 50 DAS, and Sukabumi accession at 54 DAS. Physiological seed maturity of Bogor and Sukabumi accessions at 112 DAS, Sumedang brown testa at 116 DAS and black testa at 128 DAS. Morphological variation of four bambara groundnut accessions included color of plumule, petiole, seed coat (testa), and leaf shape. Accessions of Sukabumi and Bogor black testa were potential to be developed further because of its showing higher number and weight of pods, and earlier maturity compared to those of Sumedang accessions with black and brown testa.

ABSTRAK. Karakterisasi dan evaluasi potensi genetik berbagai aksesi kacang bambara sangat penting untuk memperoleh aksesi dengan potensi hasil tinggi dan umur genjah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari fenologi, morfologi, dan hasil empat aksesi kacang bambara. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak satu faktor yaitu asal aksesi (Bogor dan Sukabumi testa hitam, Sumedang testa hitam dan cokelat). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu pemunculan kecambah Sumedang testa cokelat tercapai 9.7 hari setelah tanam (HST), ketiga aksesi lainnya berkisar 8.0-8.3 HST. Umur berbunga 75% Sumedang testa cokelat tercapai 45.3 HST, ketiga aksesi lainnya berkisar 46.0-46.7 HST. Umur berpolong aksesi Bogor dan Sumedang testa hitam 49 HST, Sumedang testa cokelat 50 HST, dan Sukabumi testa hitam 54 HST. Masak fisiologi benih aksesi Bogor dan Sukabumi testa hitam 112 HST, Sumedang testa cokelat 116 HST dan hitam 128 HST. Keragaman morfologi keempat aksesi meliputi warna plumula, tangkai daun, testa biji, dan bentuk daun. Kacang bambara aksesi Sukabumi dan Bogor testa hitam berpotensi untuk dikembangkan karena menghasilkan jumlah dan bobot polong yang tinggi serta umur masak fisiologi benih lebih singkat dibandingkan aksesi Sumedang testa hitam dan cokelat. Kata kunci: bentuk daun, pemunculan kecambah, polong, umur genjah, warna testa

Summary Common bunt caused by the fungus Tilletia tritici (syn. T. caries) is one of the most devastating plant diseases in wheat. In conventional agriculture the disease is controlled exclusively by fungicide seed treatment, but in organic farming these fungicides are not ...