Social Sostenibility

Despite of his relatively low population, Libreville, the capital of Gabon, as well as the equatorial sub-Saharan Africa's biggest towns, is threatening the tropical forest environment. The city form shaped by his dwellers - also migrants from the forests hinterlands settlements - is evolving against the natural environment survival. This making of the city that involves informally are almost oriented by this migrants territorial link, as the reiteration of their cultural know how. But this reiteration - a territorial displacement of an identity - are the response to the needs origined by the Modern City. In fact, due to the necessity to integrate the web of the informal economy, the city dwellers are informally stretching the urban shape, creating "urban villages", emblematic "outposts of the modernity" - despite their traditional reliance - in the city's forest hinterlands. It is the result of the mobility in urban space as the major consequence of the search of self reliance. In term of community relationships and settlement's collective space, mobility questions the role of the space dislocation and the relativization of spatial identity and its lessons for sustainble Planning practice.

The Forest-City hypothesis take place in order to consider the inputs of an etnographic approach into urban territory morphology and directions for the observation of informal settlements making.

The third world cities are generally characterized by the important role of the informal settlements. It belies the higher impact onto space and urban territory of the populations self-help and search of social sustainbility. So, how could that trusts with sustainble Planning pratice, in these urban contexts ?

RESUMEN A partir de las prácticas de la minga y el voluntariado, este trabajo describe y reflexiona sobre las tensiones e hibridaciones que se producen en el intento por concretar formas de economía alternativa en un contexto de capitalismo neoliberal. Para ello, se efectuó una etnografía en ecoaldeas, comunidades ecológicas y otras formas de asentamientos pro sustentabilidad (ApS) en Chile, que permitió identificar una serie de prácticas colectivas económicas. Se discute sobre las mixturas que se producen en su heterogeneidad económica y se concluye, que los modos en que los habitantes de los ApS generan recursos económicos produce una economía que oscila entre formas de trabajo precario y relaciones económicas que contienen una ética de la reciprocidad.

ABSTRACT Starting from the practices of the minga and volunteering, this work describes and reflects on the tensions and hybridizations that occur in the attempt to specify forms of alternative economy in a context of neoliberal capitalism. For this end, an ethnography was carried out in ecovillages, ecological communities and other forms of pro-sustainability settlements (ApS) in Chile, which allowed the identification of a series of collective economic practices. The mixtures that are produced in their economic heterogeneity are discussed and it is concluded that the ways in which the inhabitants of the ApS generate economic resources produces an economy that oscillates between forms of precarious work and economic relationships that contain an ethic of reciprocity.

Strategies environmental education strategies in formal and non-formal spaces from the practical application in the territories. - Training of health professionals in the framework of ESD and Social Responsibility - Environmental Schools of the Districts of Barrios Unidos and Puente Aranda in Bogotá - National virtual course in education for sustainable development - Teaching qualification in environmental health Science programs Of the health