Spatial Impacts

ABSTRACT: Migration, which is one of the oldest phenomena in history, leads to spatial mobility of people by natural  reasons (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis) or human reasons (business concerns, wars and political pressures). Migration is not a property of a country or a region in the world. For this reason, migration is seen in many regions of the world. Migration has many effects on the structure of the receiving areas as well as on the places to be migrated. Therefore , European societies have started to adopt a more selective and discriminatory attitude towards migration in order to avoid the negative effects of migration. Turkey remained many times face to face with the fact of migrate in the historical process. The migration waves that started after the 1st and 2nd world wars continued with economic factors. Migration continues today with the effect of political and ethnic conflicts in Turkey's’ neighbors. In 2011, more than 10 million Syrian people were displaced due to internal conflicts in Syria. Today, almost 4 million of immigrants from Syria live in Turkey. Turkey is the most affected countries by the massive migration movements from Syria. At the beginning of the movement, it is thought that immigrants who take refuge in our country will return to their country in a short time, and because of the prolongation of the period, it is thought that they can stay in our country continuously. In this study, after drawing the conceptual framework of migration in general, the effects of migration on social and spatial structure are examined. To demonstrate that how the migration affect on social and spatial structure, distribution of Syrian refugees in geography of Turkey has been determined in the light of data. In this context, the effects of the Syrian migrants on the social and spatial structure in Esenyurt were tried to be explained with examples.
Keywords: Migration, Geography, Syrian refugees, Spatial impact, Social impact

ÖZ: Tarihin en eski olgularından biri olan göç, insanların deprem, heyelan, tsunami gibi doğal sebepler veya iş kaygıları, savaşlar ve siyasi baskılar gibi beşeri sebepler ile mekânsal hareketliliği ile gerçekleşir. Göç dünyada sadece bir ülkeye veya bir bölgeye ait bir özellik değildir. Bu sebeple dünyada birçok bölgede göç olayına rastlanmaktadır. Göçün, göç edilen yerler üzerinde olduğu gibi göç alan yerlerinin de yapısında birçok etkisi bulunmaktadır. Bu sebeple Avrupa toplumları göçün olumsuz etkilerinden kaçınmak için göç konusunda giderek daha olumsuz tavır almaya daha seçici ve ayrımcı bir tavır takınmaya başlamışlardır. Türkiye tarihsel süreçte birçok defa göç gerçeği ile yüz yüze kalmıştır. 1.ve 2.Dünya savaşlarından sonra başlayan göç dalgaları, ekonomik etkenler ile devam etmiştir. Türkiye komşularındaki siyasi ve etnik çatışmalar etkisi ile göç günümüzde de devam etmektedir. 2011 yılındaki Suriye’deki iç çatışmalar sebebi ile 10 milyon fazla Suriyeli yerinden edilmiştir. Bugün Suriye’den göç edenlerin 4 milyona yakını Türkiye’de ikamet etmektedir. Türkiye Suriye’den gelen bu kitlesel göç hareketinden en fazla etkilenen ülkedir. Hareketin başlarında, ülkemize sığınan göçmenlerin kısa sürede ülkelerine geri döneceği düşünülürken, sürenin uzaması sebebi ile artık ülkemizde sürekli kalabilecekleri düşünülmektedir. Bu araştırmada genel olarak göçün kavramsal çerçevesi çizildikten sonra, toplumsal ve mekânsal yapıya etkileri incelenmiştir. Göçün toplumsal ve mekânsal yapıyı nasıl etkilediğini ortaya koymak için Suriyeli göçmenlerin Türkiye coğrafyasında dağılımı veriler ışığında tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda Suriyeli göçmenlerin Esenyurt'ta toplumsal ve mekânsal yapı üzerine etkileri örnekler ile açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Göç, Coğrafya, Suriyeli göçmenler, Mekânsal etki, Toplumsal etki.

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