Splendid Isolation

The German Catholic theologian Gisbert Greshake discriminates between «Theology of the Trinity» and «Trinitarian theology». The first one designates a theological treatise among others, the second one points to a Trinitarian vision of all reality. Starting from this distinction, we consider as a working hypothesis that the theology of the Trinity becomes Trinitarian only when it starts being fruitful. On the contrary, when the Christian reflection on God remains isolated or locked in its own formulas, it becomes fruitless. The confirmation of this hypothesis is found in our reading of the evolution of theological reflection during the second half of the 20th century. Two great Catholic theologians complained in the 1950s that the Trinitarian Mystery of God lived in «splendid isolation». However, in the following decades, there was a spectacular flourishing of theological reflection on the Trinity, precisely when it became «fruitful». This historical reading in the first part is followed by a methodological reflection in the second one. We begin by delimiting the scope and meaning of this theological «fruitfulness», in order to later establish the fundamental principles of a Trinitarian renewal of theology.

Comparação do isolacionismo da Inglaterra e Estados Unidos Apesar da Inglaterra e os Estados Unidos partilharem de uma certa distância do cotidiano internacional, a Inglaterra baseava sua versão de isolacionismo em termos muito diferentes. Os Estados Unidos tinham suas instituições democráticas como exemplo para o resto do mundo; a Inglaterra tratava suas instituições parlamentares como desprovidas de relevância para outros países. Os Estados Unidos passaram a crer que a democracia universal garantiria a paz; achavam mesmo que uma paz confiável não se daria de outro modo. A Inglaterra podia preferir sua estrutura interna mas não se arriscaria por essa causa.

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie stosunków Zjednoczonego Królestwa Wielkiej Brytanii i Irlandii Północnej i Federacji Rosyjskiej po zakończeniu Zimnej Wojny i upadku ZSRR. Przedstawiona została również analiza relacji obu imperiów-brytyjskiego i rosyjskiego w okresie kolonialnym i postkolonialnym.

The purpose of this article is to analyse relations between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Russian Federation after the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the USSR. An analysis of the relations of both: British and Russian empires in the colonial and postcolonial period is also presented.

The paper is a comparative analysis of the idea of isolationism in the USA and Britain before the First World War. It shows the evolution of the idea in the United States and argues that in contrast to the common opinion isolation was a "state" rather than a "policy" which was undertaken by the American government and often named non-intervention. Britain on the other hand understood isolation as policy, but while in the USA there were ideological foundations for isolation in Britain they did not exist and British politicians used it more as a slogan rather than precisely defined concept. Therefore, British isolation was a diplomatic praxis towards continental Europe, but necessary consistent.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the position of Great Britain during the Eastern crisis of 1875-1878 years, whether it had features of so called policy of “splendid isolation” which was held by this country in the 2nd part of the XIXth century