India is an agriculture based country in which, 70% of people depends on the outcome of farming. But if we observe that with increase in population the farm gets distributed among the family and because of this, farmer in India held... more
India is an agriculture based country in which, 70% of people depends on the outcome of farming. But if we observe that with increase in population the farm gets distributed among the family and because of this, farmer in India held averagely only two acre farm. Also economically, farmers are very poor due to which they are unable to purchase tractors and other costly equipments hence they use traditional method of farming. Basically, many farmers in India also use bullocks, horses and he-buffalo for farming operation. This will not satisfy need of energy requirement of the farming as compared to other countries in the world. So we are thinking that human and animal efforts can be replaced by some advance mechanization which will be suitable for small scale farmer from economical and effort point of view. So we are developing this equipment which will satisfy all this need and to solve labour problem. In this equipment we used 24cc engine for digging operation and for spraying used motor with 12V battery. Next two operations are manual base which is cultivation and sowing. This machine perform four farming operation (digging, sowing, cultivation, spraying) which is used small scale farming. By using above attachments one may perform various farming operations in less time and economically.
Background: Application of chemicals for the control of Helicoverpa armigera and Diparopsis castanea is based on egg threshold, while for Erias insulana and E. biplaga larval counts are used. In Zimbabwe the traditional farmer practice... more
Background: Application of chemicals for the control of Helicoverpa armigera and Diparopsis castanea is based on egg threshold, while for Erias insulana and E. biplaga larval counts are used. In Zimbabwe the traditional farmer practice involves use of weekly spraying, fortnightly spraying and spraying at first sight of damaged squares. The methods may be less effective, costly, damaging to the environment and labour intensive. Experiments were conducted for three consecutive seasons from 2010/11 season up to 2012/13 season to evaluate the spray timing methods. Spraying at bollworm egg threshold level was the standard. The trial was laid as a randomised complete block design replicated four times at Cotton Research Institute, Dande and Umguza. Abstract-Background: Application of chemicals for the control of Helicoverpa armigera and Diparopsis castanea is based on egg threshold, while for Erias insulana and E. biplaga larval counts are used. In Zimbabwe the traditional farmer practice involves use of weekly spraying, fortnightly spraying and spraying at first sight of damaged squares. The methods may be less effective, costly, damaging to the environment and labour intensive. Experiments were conducted for three consecutive seasons from 2010/11 season up to 2012/13 season to evaluate the spray timing methods. Spraying at bollworm egg threshold level was the standard. The trial was laid as a randomised complete block design replicated four times at Cotton Research Institute, Dande and Umguza. Results: Analysis of variance was done on bollworm larval counts and seed cotton yield using Genstat 14 th version of 2011. The standard method and weekly spraying produced comparably reduced larval counts. Fortnightly spraying and spraying at first sight of damaged squares was less effective in control of bollworms. The standard method significantly spared predators at most sites over the three seasons in contrast with weekly spraying. However predator counts for standard and the other methods were comparable. Results of cost-benefit analysis done only in 2012/13 showed that weekly spraying was most expensive than other methods. Conclusion: The standard method continued to be the best spray timing method for farmers.
