Trauma, War and Disaster
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Recent papers in Trauma, War and Disaster
Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (PCBD) is a newly proposed diagnosis placed in the Appendix of the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as an invitation for further research. To date, no... more
Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (PCBD) is a newly proposed diagnosis placed in the Appendix of the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as an invitation for further research. To date, no studies have examined the dimensionality of PCBD or explored whether different PCBD criteria domains relate in similar, versus differential, ways to other psychological conditions common to war-exposed bereaved youth, including symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and depression. We evaluated the dimensionality of proposed PCBD B and C symptom domains, and their respective relations with measures of PTSD and depression, in 1142 bereaved Bosnian adolescents exposed to the 1992-1995 Bosnian civil war. Instruments included the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index, the Depression Self-Rating Scale, and the UCLA Grief Screening Scale (a prototype measure of PCBD symptoms). We investigated potential differences in grief, PTSD, and depression scores as a function of cause of death. We then examined hypothesized differential relations between PCBD B and C symptom domain subscales and selected external correlates, specifically measures of depression and the four-factor emotional numbing model of PTSD. Results of both analyses provide preliminary evidence of a multidimensional structure for PCBD in this population, in that the PCBD Criterion C subscale score covaried more strongly with each of the four PTSD factors and with depression than did PCBD Criterion B. We conclude by discussing theoretical, methodological, clinical, and policy-related implications linked to the ongoing study of essential features of PCBD.
Keywords: Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder, Grief, Bereavement, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, Adolescent, war trauma
Keywords: Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder, Grief, Bereavement, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, Adolescent, war trauma
Full citation: Layne, C. M., Olsen, J. A., Baker, A. Legerski, J. P., Isakson, B., Pašalić, A., Duraković-Belko, E., Đapo, N., Ćampara, N., Arslanagić, B., Saltzman, W. R., & Pynoos, R. S. (2010). Unpacking Trauma Exposure Risk... more
Full citation:
Layne, C. M., Olsen, J. A., Baker, A. Legerski, J. P., Isakson, B., Pašalić, A., Duraković-Belko, E., Đapo, N., Ćampara, N., Arslanagić, B., Saltzman, W. R., & Pynoos, R. S. (2010). Unpacking Trauma Exposure Risk Factors and Differential Pathways of Influence: Predicting Post-War Mental Distress in Bosnian Adolescents. Child Development, 81, 1053-1076. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01454.x
Abstract: Methods are needed for quantifying the potency and differential effects of risk factors to identify at-risk groups for theory building and intervention. Traditional methods for constructing war exposure measures are poorly suited to ‘‘unpack’’ differential relations between specific types of exposure and specific outcomes. This study of 881 Bosnian adolescents compared both common factor–effect indicator (using exploratory factor analysis) versus composite causal–indicator methods for ‘‘unpacking’’ dimensions of war exposure and their respective paths to postwar adjustment outcomes. The composite method better supported theory building and most intervention applications, showing how multitiered interventions can enhance treatment effectiveness and efficiency in war settings. Used together, the methods may unpack the elements and differential effects of ‘‘caravans’’ of risk and promotive factors that co-occur across development.
Layne, C. M., Olsen, J. A., Baker, A. Legerski, J. P., Isakson, B., Pašalić, A., Duraković-Belko, E., Đapo, N., Ćampara, N., Arslanagić, B., Saltzman, W. R., & Pynoos, R. S. (2010). Unpacking Trauma Exposure Risk Factors and Differential Pathways of Influence: Predicting Post-War Mental Distress in Bosnian Adolescents. Child Development, 81, 1053-1076. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01454.x
Abstract: Methods are needed for quantifying the potency and differential effects of risk factors to identify at-risk groups for theory building and intervention. Traditional methods for constructing war exposure measures are poorly suited to ‘‘unpack’’ differential relations between specific types of exposure and specific outcomes. This study of 881 Bosnian adolescents compared both common factor–effect indicator (using exploratory factor analysis) versus composite causal–indicator methods for ‘‘unpacking’’ dimensions of war exposure and their respective paths to postwar adjustment outcomes. The composite method better supported theory building and most intervention applications, showing how multitiered interventions can enhance treatment effectiveness and efficiency in war settings. Used together, the methods may unpack the elements and differential effects of ‘‘caravans’’ of risk and promotive factors that co-occur across development.
Fronti interni. Esperienze di guerra lontano dalla Guerra 1914-1918 (Inner fronts. Experiences of war far away from the war 1914-1918) is a collection of essays selected by a scientific committee of young Italian historians working in the... more
Fronti interni. Esperienze di guerra lontano dalla Guerra 1914-1918 (Inner fronts. Experiences of war far away from the war 1914-1918) is a collection of essays selected by a scientific committee of young Italian historians working in the fields of World War One/interwar period/World War Two studies. Mirco Carrattieri, Daniele Ceschin, Matteo Ermacora, Francesco Melchionda, Fabio Montella, Francesco Paolella, Felicita Ratti, Andrea Scartabellati launched a call for papers about “communities and territories in World War One Italy” looking for papers investigating new ways of making local histories a part of global history, new paths for comparative local history, entangled history or histoire croisèe. The focus was set on the history of inner fronts, as the final title of the book suggests: everyday life, economic branches not directly involved in warfare or in the mobilisation for the war - or only partially influenced by these factors -, less known or rarely analysed communities or territories.
The final editorial team, Scartabellati, Ermacora and Ratti, worked to compose a joint authorship work highlighting what Scartabellati defines «experiences of war far away from the war» - hence the subtitle.
The essays focus each on several local case studies: Montepulciano, the Montefeltro region, Viareggio, Padova, Ribolla and Valdarno, Aosta/Aoste, Pavia, Udine, Trieste/Triest, Milano, Colorno, Bologna, Italians in Traunstein (Upper Bavaria) and in Buenos Aires (Argentina).
Topics range wide in the field of social and economic history of the war: local communities dealing with everyday difficulties; schools; i.e. non-fordistic economic branches; experiencing hunger and famine in Trieste; gathering pieces of information about casualties in an humanitarian office in Bologna and informing their families, analysing the “via crucis” (Way of the Cross) of disabled or invalid soldiers dealing with rehabilitation in Milan; migration and internment in Bavaria; Italian identity in Argentina.
With foreword by M. Carrattieri and contributions by: E. Belloni, L. Gorgolini, E. Tizzoni, S. Marcuzzi, G. Sacchetti, A. Celi, C. Guani, M. Ermacora, A. Scartabellati, F. Montella, I. La Fata, G. Bollini/J. Lorenzini, F. Ratti, M.I. Tato.
The final editorial team, Scartabellati, Ermacora and Ratti, worked to compose a joint authorship work highlighting what Scartabellati defines «experiences of war far away from the war» - hence the subtitle.
The essays focus each on several local case studies: Montepulciano, the Montefeltro region, Viareggio, Padova, Ribolla and Valdarno, Aosta/Aoste, Pavia, Udine, Trieste/Triest, Milano, Colorno, Bologna, Italians in Traunstein (Upper Bavaria) and in Buenos Aires (Argentina).
Topics range wide in the field of social and economic history of the war: local communities dealing with everyday difficulties; schools; i.e. non-fordistic economic branches; experiencing hunger and famine in Trieste; gathering pieces of information about casualties in an humanitarian office in Bologna and informing their families, analysing the “via crucis” (Way of the Cross) of disabled or invalid soldiers dealing with rehabilitation in Milan; migration and internment in Bavaria; Italian identity in Argentina.
With foreword by M. Carrattieri and contributions by: E. Belloni, L. Gorgolini, E. Tizzoni, S. Marcuzzi, G. Sacchetti, A. Celi, C. Guani, M. Ermacora, A. Scartabellati, F. Montella, I. La Fata, G. Bollini/J. Lorenzini, F. Ratti, M.I. Tato.
Imperijų žlugimą paprastai suvokiame kaip esminį postūmį buvusių „pavergtųjų tautų“ valstybėms susikurti Vidurio Rytų Europoje. Klausimas, kaip buvę imperijų pavaldiniai šiame kontekste transformavosi į nacionalinių valstybių piliečius,... more
Imperijų žlugimą paprastai suvokiame kaip esminį postūmį buvusių „pavergtųjų tautų“ valstybėms susikurti Vidurio Rytų Europoje. Klausimas, kaip buvę imperijų pavaldiniai šiame kontekste transformavosi į nacionalinių valstybių piliečius, dažniausiai atskleidžiamas per nacionalinių sąjūdžių puoselėtų idealų įgyvendinimo perspektyvą. Visgi ne visi šie piliečiai buvo vienodai pasirengę atsisveikinti su imperijų palikimu. Ypač jis slėgė tuos, kurie transformaciją paspartinusiais Didžiojo karo metais patyrė fizinių ir / ar materialių nuostolių bei tikėjosi, kad jie bus kompensuoti. Straipsnyje analizuojama, kaip šis klausimas spręstas Klaipėdos krašte – teritorijoje, kurios gyventojai dėl Pirmojo pasaulinio karo rezultatų atsidūrė tarp dviejų valstybių – Lietuvos ir Vokietijos.
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