Triticum aestivum L

... Correspondence: Prof. Dr M. Kaleem Abbasi, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Department of Agronomy and Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture, Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir-Pakistan. Tel: + 92 (0) 58710 42688. Fax: + 92 (0) 58710 42826. ...

Comparison of protein expression in necrotic leaves and in normal leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) showed that the abundance of 39 proteins was changed significantly, and 26 of these proteins were identified. Analysis of the function of the differentially expressed proteins in the necrotic hybrid leaves showed that the cytoprotective heat shock proteins may be induced to maintain the

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The hydrology of the Aral Sea Basin during the past few decades has been largely determined by the decision to develop irrigated agriculture on a large scale to produce cotton for export in the 1960s. The irrigated area has grown to 8 million hectares, using practically the entire available flow of the two main rivers, the Amu Darya and Syr Darya. Almost two decades after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the five states of the Aral Sea Basin face the challenge of restoring a sustainable equilibrium while offering development opportunities for an increasing population. Sustainable water management is thus an imperative that will require coordinated political action of all the states involved. The Soviet Union established its cotton-producing areas in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan. Today, while cotton remains relatively important, cereal production to reduce imports has become a priority in all four nations. The cotton crop area has decreased over the pas...

Heritability estimates provide information about the traits that are transmitted from parents to their offsprings and it has a crucial role in selection criteria to improve grain yield. The purpose of the present study was to compute heritability and genetic advance of seven F2 populations derived through cross combinations of five parental varieties/lines of bread wheat Iqbal-2000, Lasani- 2008, 9444, 9432 and 9436. Data were recorded for seven metric traits: plant height, days to heading, flag leaf area, peduncle length, number of kernels per spike, kernel weight per spike and grain yield per plant. The estimates of heritability were low to high for all the traits studied except for kernel weight per spike which had a moderate to high value of heritability. Results depict that all the mentioned traits can be enhanced easily due to high values of heritability and phenotypic variations. The cross combinations 9436 × Iqbal-2000 and 9436 × Lasani-2008 had high heritability for most of...

Organic manures are traditionally used for supplying plant nutrients. Their volume and other operational problems forced the farmers to use inorganic fertilizers. The recycling of organic waste is considered one of the major solutions to get rid of huge piles of wastes. The ...

One thousand three hundred and eighty-seven spring wheat germplasm (Triticum aestivum L.) lines belonging to the Indian and CIMMYT wheat programmes were evaluated for their tolerance to foliar blight disease for three consecutive years i.e., from 1994 to 1997. Disease severity at six different growth stages, beginning from tillering to late milk stage, was recorded. None of the genotypes showed immunity to the disease. Of 43 lines showing resistant reaction, a major proportion (25) was represented by CIMMYT material. Comparatively, Indian germplasm lines tended to be more susceptible at more advanced growth stages. Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) and Apparent Infection Rate (r) values of resistant lines were much lower than those of susceptible ones, but lower AUDPC in some of the resistant lines did not correspond to a lower 'r' value. Most of the resistant lines were derived from Seri, Myna, Bau, kauz, Hork 's' and Aegilops tauschii Coss.

In degraded agricultural soils, organic C levels can be increased and conserved by adopting alternative management strategies such as no-tillage and increased cropping intensity. However, soil microbial community responses to increased soil organic C (SOC) may be ...

4 Abstract: The relationship between anther culture traits and morphological traits were evaluated in a 7x7 diallel of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Correlation coefficient analysis showed significantly positive correlation among anther culture traits. Tillering capacity and morphological characters of tillers had generally negative effects on anther culture ability of wheat. Higher spikelet number and spike length were significantly correlated with callus number and green plant regeneration. The correlation between earliness characters and green plant regeneration was positive and significant. By morphological markers, it seems to be possible to select highly productive wheat lines in anther culture.

The long-term use of heavy-weight agricultural machinery has caused extensive and lasting phenomena of degradation, especially in the basic layer of soil. The influence of soil compaction by heavy tractor on spring wheat and barley has been investigated. The field trials were completed on a Stagnic Luvisol (WRB), quite characteristic of Estonia but sensitive to compaction. The results of soil measurements demonstrated a strongly negative effect of wet soil compaction on soil physical characteristics and were in good connection with the number of compactions carried out. In order to find out the nutrient assimilation ability of plants on these soils, the amount of elements (N; P; K; Ca; Mg) in the dry matter of spring wheat and spring barley was determined. It appeared that the nitrogen uptake ability of spring wheat plants decreased almost by 30% and that of barley by 40% in the case of heavy soil compaction (4 and 6 times). As a result of compaction, the content of potassium and ca...

Defatted bran of dark blue grained wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Hedong Wumai) was extracted using ethanol and chemically characterized by HPLC and ESI-MS. Cyanidin-3-glucoside was the predominant anthocyanin in the pigmented wheat which also contained cyanidin-3-galactoside, pelargornidin-3-glucoside, and peonidin-3-glucoside. Ferulic acid was identified as the major simple phenolic acid, with lesser amounts of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid and p-coumaric acid also present. Anthocyanins were separated from phenolic acids using solid phase extraction, and respective fractions were determined for DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging tests as well as oxygen radical absorption assay. Results showed that 69% of the overall free radical scavenging capacity of dark blue grained wheat was attributed to the anthocyanin content, compared to 19% for the extractable phenolic acids. In cell based models, the pigmented wheat extract significantly suppressed both hydrogen...

Black point or Kernel Smudge of wheat caused by a variety of fungi occur on developing kernels that do not exhibit symptoms. The disease causes reduced yield as well as quality affecting the market value of the produce. A project was conducted to suggest a disease management strategy to reduce losses caused by this disease. 46 wheat genotypes were screened for seedling development. Six Entries 7C032, CH 97, 7C037, 7C034, 5C034 and 6C045 showed more than 0.5 mm per hour radical and plumule development that is significantly higher than the rest of genotypes. Effect of four chemicals (Neem Leaf Extract, Neem oil, Thiophanate Methyl and Thiophanate Methyl M) was compared. Maximum germination and rate of plumule development showed Thiophanate Methyl M is the best treatment for black point infected seeds followed by Neem extract. The maximum increase in seminal root number was observed in Neem extract treatment. Disease incidence on wheat advance lines under different environmental condit...

Changes in soil structure occur when different management systems are applied. We hypothesized that in the soil series studied, long-term conventional tillage effect on some physical and chemical soil properties are related to aggregate size, architecture and arrangement. The objectives of this work were: (i) quantify the effect of continuos cropping under conventional tillage on bulk density, particle density, porosity,

Experiment was conducted to investigate if seed priming with polyethylene glycol (PEG) activator solutions affects the viability and vigour of deteriorating wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Caxton) seed lot. Seeds were subjected to PEG priming solutions with varying osmotic potentials (-1, -2, -3 MPa) at temperatures of 15 or 20oC for 6, 12, 18 or 24 h and compared to the non-primed control. Highest germination percentage at first and final count, length of plumule and dry weight of seedling were all associated with treatment -1 MPa/20oC/6 h (92%, 94%, 9.2 cm, 0.0133 mg respectively) compared to the control (82.5%, 86%, 7.8 cm, 0.0112 mg respectively).The best values of coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG), mean germination time (MGT) and germination rate index (GRI) were associated with treatment -2 MPa/15oC/24 h. There were significant interactions between the factors under study and whilst most positive effects decreased with incubation time the opposite was true at 15oC -2 MPa where an initial decrease in germination after 6 h was restored with longer incubation times. Significant correlations were found between most of the characteristics under study although these did not always account for a high percentage of variation but CVG and MGT were very highly correlated. It was concluded that 6 h in -1 MPa PEG at a temperature of 20ºC resulted in significantly improved germination percentage whilst 24 h  -2 MPa at 15oC was optimal for the highest CVG and MGT. The highest speed of germination was not asso-ciated with the highest germination percentage.

An experiment was conducted at horticulture farm, Sher-e-Bangla agricultural university, Bangladesh during November 2013 to March 2014 to evaluate the performance of wheat lines. There were 24 wheat lines coded from L 1 to L 24 on the experiment following Randomized Completely Block Design with three replications. Maximum plant height (70.9 cm), leaf area (31.4 cm 2), CGR (29.1 g/m 2 /day), NAR (4.1 g/m 2 /day), number of tiller (22.4/plant), number of effective tiller (18.9/plant), spike length (10.3 cm), number of spikelets (17.9/spike), number of grains (52.1/spike), 1000-seed weight (63.2 g), grain yield (4.1 t/ha), straw yield (5.9 t/ha) and biological yield (10.0 t/ha) were found from L 13 which was followed by L 15 and L 16 for most of the parameters while minimum was found from L 1 .