bisphenol A

En los ultimos anos los disruptores endocrinos (EDCs) estan en el punto de mira de estudios ambientales y ecotoxicologicos. Entre ellos destacan los alquilfenoles y el bisfenol A, tanto por su amplio uso industrial y domestico como por su elevada actividad estrogenica demostrando efectos adversos a niveles traza. Se descargan a las aguas a traves de efluentes industriales y de estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales afectando principalmente al medio acuatico. Por ello se necesitan programas de monitorizacion ambiental que controlen la presencia de estos contaminantes en el medio ambiente, para garantizar su proteccion y la de la salud publica. A lo largo de esta memoria se propone metodologia analitica que permiten determinar estos compuestos a niveles traza en agua, sedimento y biota. Se trata de metodos novedosos, sensibles, selectivos, que cumplen con los principios de la Quimica Verde y que mejoran los propuestos previamente en la bibliografia. Aplicando la metodologia desarr...

Regulatory measures and public concerns regarding bisphenol A (BPA) have led to its replacement by structural analogues, such as Bisphenol S (BPS), in consumer products. At present, no toxicokinetic investigations have been conducted to assess the factors determining human internal exposure to BPS for subsequent risk assessment. Toxicokinetic studies require reliable analytical methods to measure the plasma concentrations of BPS and its main conjugated metabolite, BPS-glucuronide (BPS-G). An efficient on-line SPE-UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of BPS and BPS-G in ovine plasma was therefore developed and validated in accordance with the European Medicines Agency guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. This method has a limit of quantification of 3ngmL-1 for BPS and 10ngmL-1 for BPS-G, an analytical capacity of 200 samples per day, and is particularly well suited to toxicokinetic studies. Use of this method in toxicokinetic studies in sheep showed that B...

Bisphenol A, a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical, has been replaced with its analogs bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) over the last decade due to health concerns. BPS and BPF are present in relatively high concentrations in different products, such as food products, personal care products, and sales receipts. Both BPS and BPF have similar structural and chemical properties to BPA; therefore, considerable scientific efforts have investigated the safety of their exposure. In this review, we summarize the findings of relevant epidemiological studies investigating the association between urinary concentrations of BPS and/or BPF with the incidence of obesity or diabetes. The results showed that BPS and BPF were detected in many urinary samples at median concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 0.4 µg·L−1. At this exposure level, BPS median urinary concentrations (0.4 µg·L−1) were associated with the development of obesity. At a lower exposure level (0.1–0.03 µg·L−1), two studies...

A phosphorus containing acrylate monomer has been constructed from isosorbide, a renewable biomaterial. Treatment of isosorbide with diphenylchlorophosphate generates a mixture of phosphorus esters from which exo-5-(diphenylphosphato)isosorbide-2-endo-ol may be isolated using column chromatography. Conversion of the alcohol to the corresponding acrylate by treatment with acroyl chloride provides a reactive acryloyl monomer containing a diphenylphosphato unit. Copolymerization of this monomer, at levels to provide 1% or 2% phosphorus incorporation, with styrene generates a polymer with substantially diminished flammability compared to that for styrene homopolymer.

Exposure to bisphenols is related to negative effects on male reproduction. The bisphenols exposure is associated with several modes of action including negative impact on the blood–testis barrier (BTB) in testes or direct effect on spermatozoa. Bisphenols have been detected in human seminal plasma, but the possible mechanism of seminal transfer of bisphenols is not clear. Some authors consider the transfer through the blood–testis barrier to be crucial. Therefore, in this work, we compared normozoospermic men and men after vasectomy who have interrupted vas deferens and their ejaculate does not contain testicular products. We measured the concentration of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) in the urine and seminal plasma of these men using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MSMS). We found that the ratio of urinary and seminal plasma content of bisphenols did not differ in normozoospermic men or men after vasectomy. From the obtained data, it...

Chlorophenols (CPs) have been extensively used worldwide as a treatment to prevent the growth and proliferation of different microorganisms, mainly in the wood and farm industries. Chlorine has been used for water disinfection, and phenol groups are water contaminants; these two groups can react with each other to form species such as 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). 2,4-DCP is still used as an herbicide in many countries such as Mexico. CPs have been largely analyzed, like bisphenol A, for their probable endocrine-disrupting effects in humans and aquatic animals. We still do not understand whether these endocrine responses can be manifested as an impairment in sexual behavior in rodents. With the present toxicology study, the endocrine-disrupting effects of 2,4-DCP on male sexual behavior were investigated. Sexually naïve male Wistar rats were used to assess the endocrine-disrupting effects of 2,4-DCP. The rats were divided into two groups: one control group and one experimental group...

Laboratory tests were carried out with three types of new epoxy resins to assess the release of bisphenol A and F (BPA and BPF) and potential halogenated phenolic by-products. Tests were carried out over a duration of 6 months in the presence and absence of disinfectants (chlorine and chlorine dioxide) at realistic doses and contact times. None of the three systems exhibited Fickian-type diffusion for BPA. Leaching was quite low for two epoxies while the third showed a trend of increasing leaching during the first 5 months of immersion. BPA was only observed in the absence of disinfectant while no BPF was observed under any condition. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), a BPA chlorination by-product was sporadically observed in the chlorinated water during the first months of contact. Following discontinuation of the disinfectants, its release was significantly enhanced in the water having been exposed to chlorinated water. Laboratory leaching tests also indicated rapid oxidation of epoxie...