flora fauna

This study evaluates the effect of different potting mixtures on growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum cv. Haldighati. The experiment was carried out at Agriculture Farm, School of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, RIMT University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India. Different treatment methods include mixing sand, soil, cocopeat, ver powder, farmland fertilizer and perlite in equal proportions. Statistical analysis of the data show that the medium combination has a significant influence on the control value. The results show that the overall performance of Chrysanthemum is better in the medium with T7 (Perlite + FYM + garden soil (2:1:1)), but T5 is Vermicompost + FYM + Garden soil (2:1:1) has the highest main branches of each plant and the number of sub-branches per plant, the number of ray florets per flower, the length of ray florets and the width of ray florets. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that compared with perlite Chrysanthemum, the potting medium tr...

The systematic identification of 78 species belonging to 51 genera reported from Terai region of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. The present paper provides key to genera, list of plant with their habit, phenology and voucher number of each species.

Inventory of wasps, bees and carpenter bees belongs to order hymenoptera was prepared by collecting naturally dead specimens from KTHM College campus, Nashik during the July 2015 to February 2016. In the present study 25 species belonging to 19 genus and 11 families of Hymenoptera have been recorded. Of which total 11 species identified upto species level and remaining given morpho-species Genus (sp.) label. The identification of species was done by following keys of existing literature and confirmed by comparing the specimens in collection department of Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), Mumbai. Family apidae and vespidae found to be dominating families. Dominance of four species Apis dorsata, A. cerena indica, Thyrus ramosus, Amegila sp. was observed in terms of population, due to plentiful nector yielding plants in the college campus. The families Xylocopidae and Sphecidae were represented by 3 species each. Families Chrysididae, Ichneumonidae and Braconidae were represented ...

Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) was calculated for various roadside plant species around Nanded city. Studies were carried out to determine the physiological response of plant species Azadirachta indica, Mangifera indica, Polyalthia longifolia, Ficus religiosa, Ficus bengalensis, Ficus glomerata, Moringa oleifera, Phyllanthus embilca, Euginia jambolana, Eucalyptus, Delonix regia, Acacia nilotica, Leucaena leucocephala, Dalbergia sissoo and Tamarindus indicain Nanded city. Objective: To identify the air pollution tolerance plant species. Methods: The leaf samples collected from these plant species were used to determine their APTI by calculating the ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, pH, and relative water contents for sites. Results: Response of plants towards air pollution was assessed by APTI. On the basis of APTI Azadirachta indica, Moringa Oleifera, Euginia Jambolana and Tamarindus indica were tolerant while, Mangifera indica, Polyalthia longifolia,Ficus bengalensis, Delonix...

The molluscicidal effect of colchicine was evaluated against various stages of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis, immature, young mature and adults. Calculated values of lethal concentrations (LC50and LC100 ) showed colchicine as toxic against eggs, immature and adults. Results revealed that colchicine could be used to control harmful snails, as it significantly controls reproduction of these snails. The colchicine reduces fecundity, prolongs hatchability period and reduces survival of the newly hatched snails in a snail population, when exposed to a concentration lower than LC50. So, this investigation was made to know more about the intoxication of alkaloids of colchicines on the mortality and survivality of hatched young snail of pest snail.

Information on the abundance of tigers Panthera tigris is essential for effective conservation of the species. The main aim of this study was to determine the status of tigers in Chitwan National Park, Nepal, including the Churia hills, using a camera-trap based mark–recapture abundance estimate. Camera traps (n = 310) were placed in an area of 1,261 km2 from 20 January to 22 March 2010. The study area was divided into three blocks and each block was trapped for 19–21 days, with a total effort of 3,582 man-days, 170 elephant-days and 4,793 camera-trap nights. The effectively camera-trapped area was 2,596 km2. Camera stations were located 1.5–2 km apart. Sixty-two tigers (age ⩾ 1.5 years), comprising 15 males, 41 females and six of unidentified sex, were identified from 344 photographs. The heterogeneity model Mh (jackknife) was the best fit for the capture history data. A capture probability ($\hat P$) of 0.05 was obtained, generating a population estimate ($\hat N$) of 125 ± SE 21....

The present study has been conducted on ichthyofaunal diversity of river Kapaleswari flowing through Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal, India. Results reveal the existence of 56 indigenous fish species under 22 families of 8 orders and the order Perciformes represents the largest diversity with 8 families and 20 species. Cyprinidae is the most dominant family; contributed 26.79% species. Two species namely Stigmatogobius sadanundio & Gobiopsis macrostoma have been first time recorded from Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal. Among the recorded fish species of Kapaleswari River, 47.07% were used as food-fish, 1.79% used as ornamental & the remaining 57.14% were used as both food and ornamental. So, maximum fish species have important socio-economic value for the development of local people proximate to the Kapaleswari River. The values of the Shannon-Weaver index (H) range from ‘3.58’ to ‘3.79’ & the Simpson’s index (D) from ‘0.023’ to ‘0.032’ among the sampling sites a...

Guthia taal is a large, shallow and horse shoe shaped wetland of tarai region of eastern U.P. The seasonal variation of phytoplankton density and diversity were studied for a period of one year. In the present study total 31 genera of phytoplankton were identified. Out of 31, thirteen belong to Chlorophyceae, 10 Bascillariophyceae, 6 Cyanophyceae and 2 Euglenophyceae. The annual density shows that Chlorophyceae dominates and constituted 51.57% of the total phytoplankton population was followed by Bascillariophyceae (27.37%), Cyanophyceae (16.45%) and Euglenophyceae (4.61%). However, the overall phytoplankton was found maximum in summer, medium in winter and lowest in monsoon season. Figure : 00 References : 15 Table : 01

Information on the abundance of tigers Panthera tigris is essential for effective conservation of the species. The main aim of this study was to determine the status of tigers in Chitwan National Park, Nepal, including the Churia hills, using a camera-trap based mark–recapture abundance estimate. Camera traps (n = 310) were placed in an area of 1,261 km2 from 20 January to 22 March 2010. The study area was divided into three blocks and each block was trapped for 19–21 days, with a total effort of 3,582 man-days, 170 elephant-days and 4,793 camera-trap nights. The effectively camera-trapped area was 2,596 km2. Camera stations were located 1.5–2 km apart. Sixty-two tigers (age ⩾ 1.5 years), comprising 15 males, 41 females and six of unidentified sex, were identified from 344 photographs. The heterogeneity model Mh (jackknife) was the best fit for the capture history data. A capture probability ($\hat P$) of 0.05 was obtained, generating a population estimate ($\hat N$) of 125 ± SE 21....

To determine and compare total antioxidant activity (TAA) and phenolic content (TPC) of Sansevieria trifasciata leaves’ extract with different fruits’ extract (Guava, Indian plum and Indian gooseberry) and fruit juices (Pomelo, Orange, and Beetroot) on the basis of two extraction methods, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were analysed by Folin-Ciocalteu’s and Phosphomolybdate assay, respectively and expressed as equivalent to catechin. The extraction process of selected samples was done by using both decoction extraction method (DEM) and microwave-assisted method (MAE) of water solvent. Among both techniques of extractions, MAE exhibited significantly higher TPC and TAA than DEM. Compared to Sansevieria trifasciata plant extracts, there was a strong positive correlation coefficient (á<0.05) between the total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of different fruit juices and fruit extracts in both the classical (DEM) and modern (MAE) techniques. Sansevieria ...

Navisporus floccosus causing heart rot in tropical trees (Dalbergia sissoo, D. latifolia, Ficus bengalensis, Pongamia pinnata and Shorea robusta) is reported from Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha. Worldwide distribution of eight other species of the genus is also discussed.

The present study has been conducted on ichthyofaunal diversity of river Kapaleswari flowing through Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal, India. Results reveal the existence of 56 indigenous fish species under 22 families of 8 orders and the order Perciformes represents the largest diversity with 8 families and 20 species. Cyprinidae is the most dominant family; contributed 26.79% species. Two species namely Stigmatogobius sadanundio & Gobiopsis macrostoma have been first time recorded from Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal. Among the recorded fish species of Kapaleswari River, 47.07% were used as food-fish, 1.79% used as ornamental & the remaining 57.14% were used as both food and ornamental. So, maximum fish species have important socioeconomic value for the development of local people proximate to the Kapaleswari River. The values of the Shannon-Weaver index (H) range from '3.58' to '3.79' & the Simpson's index (D) from '0.023' to '0....

Aplectana sriniketanensis sp. nov. (Nematoda, Cosmocercidae) was collected from the rectum of Hoplobatrachus crassus from Illambazar town, Birbhum district of West Bengal, India. The males are characterized by presence of twenty pairs of caudal papillae of which five pairs are pre-anal, two pairs adanal and thirteen pairs postanal in position. Spicules are equal, 0.18×Ù0.20 long, well-sclerotized and non-alate with sharply pointed distal end and bluntly rounded proximal end. Gubernaculum is absent. Aplectana sriniketanensis sp. nov. represents 57th species assigned to the genus, 5th from India and 6th from the Indian subcontinent. Figures : 02 References : 26 Table : 01

Inventory of wasps, bees and carpenter bees belongs to order hymenoptera was prepared by collecting naturally dead specimens from KTHM College campus, Nashik during the July 2015 to February 2016. In the present study 25 species belonging to 19 genus and 11 families of Hymenoptera have been recorded. Of which total 11 species identified upto species level and remaining given morpho-species Genus (sp.) label. The identification of species was done by following keys of existing literature and confirmed by comparing the specimens in collection department of Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), Mumbai. Family apidae and vespidae found to be dominating families. Dominance of four species Apis dorsata, A. cerena indica, Thyrus ramosus, Amegila sp. was observed in terms of population, due to plentiful nector yielding plants in the college campus. The families Xylocopidae and Sphecidae were represented by 3 species each. Families Chrysididae, Ichneumonidae and Braconidae were represented ...

Aplectana sriniketanensis sp. nov. (Nematoda, Cosmocercidae) was collected from the rectum of Hoplobatrachus crassus from Illambazar town, Birbhum district of West Bengal, India. The males are characterized by presence of twenty pairs of caudal papillae of which five pairs are pre-anal, two pairs adanal and thirteen pairs postanal in position. Spicules are equal, 0.18×Ù0.20 long, well-sclerotized and non-alate with sharply pointed distal end and bluntly rounded proximal end. Gubernaculum is absent. Aplectana sriniketanensis sp. nov. represents 57th species assigned to the genus, 5th from India and 6th from the Indian subcontinent.

The plant Cardiospermum halicacabum is also known as balloon plant, love in a puff plant. Traditionally useful for treatment of many disorders. It is widely distributed near cropping fields. The plant is belonging to the family Sapindaceae. The current paper deals with the study of morphological variations as well as medicinal value of the plant. The study on its growth and treatment potential of varied disorders was done using field monitoring and medicinal values of the plant were recorded as per available literature. The study area was tribal village adopted by GGV-Bilaspur (C.G.) under Unnat Bharat Abhiyan programme. The present review describes the morphological and medicinal potential of Cardiospermum halicacabum It produces small milky white flowers. The plant includes remarkable medicinal value and utilized for several purpose to treat varied disorders. Outcomes like their morphological variations and medicinal uses etc. are discussed.

Soil plays an important role for sustainable agricultural development which is a widely accepted fact. The composition of soil makes perfect recipe for proper growth and development of growing plants. Mainly the texture and contains of the soil give an idea about overall productivity of any type of soil. The present case study was conducted on the physical and chemical properties of soil at Rajgurunagar (Khed) Tehsil, Pune District (Maharashtra) state of India. The study has been conducted in 5 different localities of different directions for better understanding of nature and composition of soil. Rajgurunagar(Khed) is well known for upcoming developing region due to accumulation of various industrial companies such as SEZ, MIDC and many more. The effect of industrialisation on hydrosphere, atmosphere and lithosphere is noticeable in this Tehsil as an effect is seen on plant growth and development and is affecting on abundance, density of many plant as well as animal species. The to...