Spanish for Smarties
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About this ebook
"Spanish for Smarties" is the e-solution for those who have already seen some Spanish before and are interested in learning and practicing the language in a more laidback style. Of course the book contains grammar explanations when deemed necessary, and the rules and verb tenses are still there, but the focus is getting the student to use the language and expand his/her vocabulary by seeing day-by-day sentences and illustrative examples of what Hispanics say in real-life situations.
There are over 90 activities (and over 2000 sentences, questions and examples), designed to make sure the student is aware of the new words and sentences, and is able to use and adapt them to new circumstances, even when the context changes.
The students can complete these exercises orally or write them down, so they can compare their answers to the Answer Key at the end of the e-book. I am confident the reader will learn more Spanish and keep the language alive in a modern, convenient and easy-to-use way.
J. C. DaCosta
Joao DaCosta was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He is a Historian and a specialist in International Business. He has studied Ufology, Aliens, Old Civilizations, Egyptian Culture and Ancient Mythology for most of his life. He has been teaching International Business, History, Languages and Business Management in Universities and companies in Brazil, Colombia and Pennsylvania (USA), where he currently resides.
Read more from J. C. Da Costa
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Spanish for Smarties - J. C. DaCosta
Spanish For Smarties
Improve your Spanish Fast!
By Joao C. DaCosta
Copyright 2013 J. C. DaCosta
Smashwords Edition
Discover other titles by J. C. DaCosta at Smashwords
All rights reserved
This e-book is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This e-book may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each recipient. If you are reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy. Thanks for respecting the hard work of this author.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - The Basics
Chapter 2 - Working with Verbs
Chapter 3 - Important Expressions and Structures
Chapter 4 - Gaining Fluency
Exercises - Answer Key
Detailed Table of Contents
Introduction – Spanish for Smarties
Introducción – Español para Avispados
Chapter 1 - The Basics
Artículos Definidos: el, la, los, las (the
en inglés).
El Verbo Ser
El Verbo Estar
Dónde está? Dónde estás? Dónde están?
El Plural
Algunas expresiones y diálogos útiles
Los colores en español
Chapter 2 - Working with Verbs
El Verbo Tener (to have)
Adjetivos Posesivos
Verbos en el presente
Presente – Verbos Regulares terminados en AR
Presente – Verbos Regulares terminados en ER e IR
El verbo Querer
Mis actividades diarias
Las cosas que hago
Preguntas muy útiles
Usando el Verbo Ir (to go) para dar la idea de Futuro (Future with Going to)
Expresiones con el Verbo Tener
Tener que (to have to)
Yo no sé si... (I don't know if...) - El Verbo Saber
Poder (can/may), Querer (to want), Tener que (to have to), Necesitar (to need), Ir a (going to)
Los Números en Español
Qué hora es?
Cocinando....
Algunos Verbos Útiles. Los Verbos Saber, Decir y Poner (Presente).
Pasado – Verbos Regulares terminados en AR
Pasado – Verbos Regulares terminados en ER e IR
Mis actividades diarias – Qué hice ayer?
Verbos Hacer (to do/to make) e Ir (to go) en el Pasado
Gerundio (Verbo Estar + verbo terminado en ando
o iendo
)
Verbos Regulares en el Futuro
Gerundio – Pasado Continuo
Pretérito Perfecto (The Present Perfect)
Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto (The Past Perfect)
Chapter 3 – Important Expressions and Structures
Después de (After) / Antes de (Before)
Hay – There is or There are
Las profesiones
Uso de Objetos Directos e Indirectos
El Verbo Soler para expresar una costumbre (Used to)
Verbo Ser – Pretérito Imperfecto (era, eras, éramos, eran)
Para qué sirve? (What’s this for?)
Pronombres Interrogativos
Adjetivos Posesivos – Parte 2
Adjetivos Posesivos Después del Sustantivo
El Verbo Caer (to fall) – Presente y Pasado
Cómo vestirse? - Verbos Poner (to put/to put on) y Quitar (take off)
Verbos Reflexivos (y de estructura similar)
El Pasado de Ser e Ir
Texto: Descansando en la playa
Algunos Verbos Irregulares en el Pasado (Venir, Tener, Poder, Querer y Hacer)
El Verbo Gustar
(to like)
Verbo Decir en el Pasado – Discurso Directo e Indirecto
El Condicional Simple (Would)
Chapter 4 – Gaining Fluency
Comparando: Qué es mejor?
Preposiciones y Locuciones Preposicionales.
Locuciones preposicionales y expresiones similares.
Ya (already) y Ya No (no longer/not anymore)
Aún (still) y Aún no (not yet/still not)
Podría (could), Debería (should), Tendría que (would have to)
Usando el Pretérito Perfecto (The Present Perfect)
Pronombres de Objeto Indirecto
Explicando Procesos
Expresiones de Transición y Conexión
El Orden de los Eventos
Comiendo fuera
Usos de Por y Para
Texto: Dos chismosos en la oficina
Algunas Expresiones Útiles
Texto: Describiendo mi Colegio (Construyendo una Crítica Destructiva)
Exercises – Answer Key
Introduction – Spanish for Smarties
Many textbooks have been published to teach Spanish. Most of them target beginners, especially those who have never studied Spanish or any other language before. In my nearly two decades as a Spanish teacher, I have used a number of textbooks and adapted various teaching methods in an effort to determine what works best for my students. I witnessed first-hand that most of the existing language textbooks explain grammar structures in great detail, enlist the rules and their innumerable exceptions, graph the phonetics of key words and even divide their many chapters into bulky grammar categories. This is not one of those books.
Spanish for Smarties
is the e-solution for those who have already seen some Spanish before and are interested in learning and practicing the language in a more laidback style. Of course the book contains grammar explanations when deemed necessary, and the rules and verb tenses are still there, but the focus is getting the student to use the language and expand his/her vocabulary by seeing day-by-day sentences and illustrative examples of what Hispanics say in real-life situations.
There are over 90 activities (and over 2000 sentences, questions and examples), designed to make sure the student is aware of the new words and sentences, and is able to use and adapt them to new circumstances, even when the context changes.
The students can complete these exercises orally or write them down, so they can compare their answers to the Answer Key at the end of the e-book. I am confident the reader will learn more Spanish and keep the language alive in a modern, convenient and easy-to-use way. So let’s get started!
Introducción – Español para Avispados
Se han publicado muchos libros de texto para enseñar español. Muchas de esas publicaciones están dirigidas a los principiantes, sobretodo a los que nunca han estudiando el español u otra lengua extranjera anteriormente. En mis casi dos décadas como profesor de español, he utilizado muchos de esos libros y adaptado diferentes métodos de enseñanza en mi intento por definir qué funciona mejor con mis estudiantes. Me he dado cuenta de que muchos de los libros de texto existentes explican la gramática con riqueza de detalles, enumeran las reglas y sus abundantes excepciones, enseñan la grafía fonética y hasta dividen sus numerosos capítulos en varias categorías gramaticales. Este no es uno de esos libros.
Español para Avispados
es la solución en e-books para aquellos que ya han visto español en el pasado y están interesados en aprender y practicar la lengua española de una forma más descomplicada. Si bien es cierto que también se explican reglas gramaticales, y las conjugaciones de los tiempos verbales siguen vigentes, el foco de hacer que el estudiante use la lengua para ampliar su vocabulario, a partir de oraciones sobre lo cotidiano y exemplos que ilustran qué dicen los hispanos en situaciones de la vida real.
Hay más de 90 actividades (y más de 2000 oraciones, ejemplos y preguntas), elaboradas para garantizar que el estudiante efectivamente aprenda las nuevas palabras y oraciones, y sea capaz de utilizar y adaptarlas a nuevas circunstancias, incluso si el contexto cambia.
El estudiante podrá hacer los ejercicios de forma oral o escrita y luego comparar sus respuestas con la Hoja de Respuestas al final del libro. Tengo confianza en que el lector aprenderá más el español, y lo mantendrá vivo, de una manera moderna, conveniente y fácil de entender. Empecemos entonces!
Author's Notes:
1. This book in intended to teach Latin American Spanish. As a result, we do not use Vosotros
as one of the subject pronouns. We use Ustedes
, which is the most common subject pronoun for the second person plural in Latin America.
2. Spanish is spoken in more than 20 countries. Therefore, we may find different words to describe the same noun in some countries, as well as different meanings for some of the words we use in this book. (For example: nevera
is refrigerator in Colombia, but in Argentina, people tend to use the word heladera
). It's not very common, but please be aware of that fact.
3. I did not translate every word in the examples provided. However, I did translate words and sentences that I believe would help the reader understand the grammar structure or special meaning of a certain expression.
4. This book is formatted for e-readers. A __
indicates that an answer is required.
Chapter 1 - The Basics
Artículos Definidos: el, la, los, las (The
en inglés):
EL - Por lo general, las palabras que terminan en O
son masculinas
.
Ejemplos: el carro, el dedo, el cuaderno, el vaso, el teléfono, el techo.
Excepciones: la mano, la foto (la fotografía), la moto (la motocicleta).
LA – Por lo general, las palabras que terminan en A
son femeninas
.
Ejemplos: la casa, la silla, la comida, la oreja, la hoja, la copa.
Excepciones: el mapa, el día, el programa, el sistema, el problema, el dilema, el síntoma, el clima.
LA – Por lo general, las palabras que terminan en CIÓN
o SIÓN
son femeninas
.
Ejemplos: la construcción, la evaluación, la participación, la organización, la transformación, la destrucción, la acción, la perfección, la expresión, la decisión.
LA – Por lo general, las palabras que terminan en DAD
son femeninas
.
Ejemplos: la posibilidad, la oportunidad, la probabilidad, la actividad, la vulnerabilidad, la relatividad, la realidad, la prioridad.
Importante: El plural de el
es los
y el de la
es las
(el=los y la=las)
Ejemplos: el sapo - los sapos, la mesa - las mesas, el cuaderno - los cuadernos.
Actividad 1 - Utiliza el artículo definido correcto: el, la, los, las
pájaro - persona - castillo - princesa - futuro - expresión - zapatos - sistema - mesa - camisas - documento - foto - dedos - construcción - profesión - dilema - ojos - día - cocina - confusión - teléfono - baño - niñas - situación - plumas - gobierno - piso.
Actividad 2 - Plural - Sigue el modelo: el sapo - los sapos, la camisa - las camisas, la construcción - las construcciones, la oportunidad - las oportunidades.
el teléfono - la ropa - el mapa - la opción - la casa - la pintura - el libro - el espejo - el anillo - la corona - la decisión - la posibilidad - el techo - la ventana - el dedo - la profesora - el vaso - el baño - la cocina - el barrio - la silla - la olla - el escritorio - el bolsillo - el castillo - la vulnerabilidad - el cuaderno - el carro - el cuchillo - el plato - el ojo - la boca - la oreja - la ilusión - el cuello - la rodilla - el codo - el brazo - la pierna - el hermano - la tía - el tío - el primo - el abuelo - la sobrina - el sobrino - la espada - el zapato.
El Verbo Ser
Yo soy - I am
Tú eres - You are (Tú
= informal you
)
Usted es - You are (Usted
= formal you
)
Él es - He is
Ella es - She is
Nosotros somos - We are
Nosotras somos - We are (Nosotras = We
, but related specifically to nouns/subjects that are considered "feminine’ in Spanish)
Ustedes son - You guys are (You
for more than one person)
Ellos son - They are
Ellas son - They are (Ellas = They
, but related specifically to nouns/subjects that are considered feminine
in Spanish)
Forma Negativa
Yo no soy - I am not
Tú no eres - You are not (Tú
= informal you
)
Usted no es - You are not (Usted
= formal you
)
Él no es - He is not
Ella no es - She is not
Nosotros no somos - We are not
Nosotras no somos - We are not (Nosotras = We
, but related specifically to nouns/subjects that are considered "feminine’ in Spanish)
Ustedes no son - You (more than one person) are not
Ellos no son - They are not
Ellas no son - They are not (Ellas = They
, but related specifically to nouns/subjects that are considered feminine
in Spanish)
Inteligente – intelligent
Bruto (a) – stupid
Alto (a) – tall
Bajo (a) – short (for a person’s height)
Elegante – elegant
Culto (a) – cultured
Gordo (a) – heavy, fat
Delgado (a) – thin, skinny
Colombiano (a) – Colombian
Brasileño (a) – Brazilian (also "Brasilero (a))
Chino (a) – Chinese
Americano (a) – American
Estadounidense – American (formal term for citizens of the United States of America)
Italiano (a) – Italian
Canadiense – Canadian
Mexicano (a) – Mexican
Diplomático (a) – diplomatic
Honesto (a) – honest
Modesto (a) – modest
Eficiente – efficient
Tierno (a) – cute, sweet person
Responsable – responsible
Irresponsable – irresponsible
Hermoso (a) – pretty, beautiful, handsome
Feo (a) – ugly
Competente – competent
Incompetente – incompetent
Grosero (a) – rude
Educado (a) – polite, educated
Largo (a) – long
Corto (a) – short (for