Acts
()
Bible Study
Paul's Missionary Journeys
Christianity
Persecution of Early Christians
Repentance
Power of Faith
Mentor
Hero's Journey
Chosen One
Quest
Fish Out of Water
Reluctant Hero
Journey
Prophecy
Clash of Cultures
Christian Fellowship & Partnership
Prayer
Bible
Early Christian Church
About this ebook
How did the church explode from a tiny group to a worldwide force in just a few years?
After Jesus left His followers with a mission, the Spirit of God moved mightily through them to fulfill it. Luke’s account of how the gospel was carried from Jerusalem to Rome—despite every conceivable obstacle—inspires the church today and helps us live out our individual mission in the world. Discover the exciting and challenging first few years of the church, the things we have in common with them today, and how that applies to our faith in the modern-day church. In this Bible study you will find:
- 20 lessons to help lead you through the book of Acts
- Wide margins and extra space for your reflections
- Discussion questions for group study
- Thought-provoking reflection questions and prompts
- Notes for further study
- Applications to help you go deeper
- Helpful excerpts on the historical context
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Acts - The Navigators
How to Use This Study
Objectives
Most guides in the LIFECHANGE series of Bible studies cover one book of the Bible. Although the LIFECHANGE guides vary with the books they explore, they share some common goals:
1. To provide you with a firm foundation of understanding and a thirst to return to the book
2. To teach you by example how to study a book of the Bible without structured guides
3. To give you all the historical background, word definitions, and explanatory notes you need, so that your only other reference is the Bible
4. To help you grasp the message of the book as a whole
5. To teach you how to let God’s Word transform you into Christ’s image
Each lesson in this study is designed to take sixty to ninety minutes to complete on your own. The guide is based on the assumption that you are completing one lesson per week, but if time is limited you can do half a lesson per week or whatever amount allows you to be thorough.
Flexibility
LIFECHANGE guides are flexible, allowing you to adjust the quantity and depth of your study to meet your individual needs. The guide offers many optional questions in addition to the regular numbered questions. The optional questions, which appear in the margins of the study pages, include the following:
Optional Application. Nearly all application questions are optional; we hope you will do as many as you can without overcommitting yourself.
For Thought and Discussion. Beginning Bible students should be able to handle these, but even advanced students need to think about them. These questions frequently deal with ethical issues and other biblical principles. They often offer cross-references to spark thought, but the references do not give obvious answers. They are good for group discussions.
For Further Study. These include (a) cross-references that shed light on a topic the book discusses and (b) questions that delve deeper into the passage. You can omit them to shorten a lesson without missing a major point of the passage.
(Note: At the end of lessons 2 through 19, you are given the option of outlining the passage just studied. Although the outline is optional, you will probably find it worthwhile.)
If you are meeting in a group, decide together which optional questions to prepare for each lesson, and how much of the lesson you will cover at the next meeting. Normally, the group leader should make this decision, but you might let each member choose his or her own application questions.
As you grow in your walk with God, you will find the LIFECHANGE guide growing with you—a helpful reference on a topic, a continuing challenge for application, a source of questions for many levels of growth.
Overview and details
The study begins with an overview of Acts. The key to interpretation is context—what is the whole passage or book about?—and the key to context is purpose—what is the author’s aim for the whole work? In lesson 1, you will lay the foundation for your study of Acts by asking yourself, Why did the author (and God) write the book? What did they want to accomplish? What is the book about?
Then, in lesson 2, you will begin analyzing successive passages of James in detail. Thinking about how a paragraph fits into the overall goal of the book will help you to see its purpose. Its purpose will help you see its meaning. Frequently reviewing a chart or outline of the book will enable you to make these connections.
Finally, in the last lesson, you will review the whole book, returning to the big picture to see whether your view of it has changed after closer study. Review will also strengthen your grasp of major issues and give you an idea of how you have grown from your study.
Kinds of questions
Bible study on your own—without a structured guide—follows a progression. First you observe: What does the passage say? Then you interpret: What does the passage mean? Lastly you apply: How does this truth affect my life?
Some of the how
and why
questions will take some creative thinking, even prayer, to answer. Some are opinion questions without clear-cut right answers; these will lend themselves to discussions and side studies.
Don’t let your study become an exercise in knowledge alone. Treat the passage as God’s Word, and stay in dialogue with Him as you study. Pray, Lord, what do You want me to see here?
Father, why is this true?
Lord, how does this apply to my life?
It is important that you write down your answers. The act of writing clarifies your thinking and helps you to remember.
Meditating on verses is an option in several lessons. Its purpose is to let biblical truth sink into your inner convictions so that you will increasingly be able to act on this truth as a natural way of life. You may want to find a quiet place to spend five minutes each day repeating the verse(s) to yourself. Think about what each word, phrase, and sentence means to you. At intervals throughout the rest of the day, remind yourself of the verse(s).
Study aids
A list of reference materials, including a few notes of explanation to help you make good use of them, begins on page 217. This guide is designed to include enough background to let you interpret with just your Bible and the guide. Still, if you want more information on a subject or want to study a book on your own, try the references listed.
Scripture versions
Unless otherwise indicated, the Bible quotations in this guide are from the New International Version of the Bible. Other versions cited are the Revised Standard Version (RSV), the New American Standard Bible (NASB), and the King James Version (KJV).
Use any translation you like for study, preferably more than one. A paraphrase such as The Living Bible is not accurate enough for study, but it can be helpful for comparison or devotional reading.
Memorizing and meditating
A psalmist wrote, I have hidden your word in my heart that I might not sin against you
(Psalm 119:11). If you write down a verse or passage that challenges or encourages you and reflect on it often for a week or more, you will find it beginning to affect your motives and actions. We forget quickly what we read once; we remember what we ponder.
When you find a significant verse or passage, you might copy it onto a card to keep with you. Set aside five minutes during each day just to think about what the passage might mean in your life. Recite it over to yourself, exploring its meaning. Then, return to your passage as often as you can during your day, for a brief review. You will soon find it coming to mind spontaneously.
For group study
A group of four to ten people allows the richest discussions, but you can adapt this guide for other sized groups. It will suit a wide range of group types, such as home Bible studies, growth groups, youth groups, and businessmen’s studies. Both new and experienced Bible students, and new and mature Christians, will benefit from the guide. You can omit or leave for later years any questions you find too easy or too hard.
The guide is intended to lead a group through one lesson per week. However, feel free to split lessons if you want to discuss them more thoroughly, or omit some questions in a lesson if preparation or discussion time is limited. You can always return to this guide for personal study later. You will be able to discuss only a few questions at length, so choose some for discussion and others for background. Make time at each discussion for members to ask about anything they didn’t understand.
Each lesson in the guide ends with a section called For the Group.
This section gives advice on how to focus a discussion, how you might apply the lesson in your group, how you might shorten a lesson, and so on. The group leader should read each For the Group
at least a week ahead so that he or she can tell the group how to prepare for the next lesson.
Each member should prepare for a meeting by writing answers for all of the background and discussion questions to be covered. If the group decides not to take an hour per week for private preparation, then expect to take at least two meetings per lesson to work through the questions. Application will be very difficult, however, without private thought and prayer.
Two reasons for studying in a group are accountability and support. When each member commits in front of the rest to seek growth in an area of life, you can pray with one another, listen jointly for God’s guidance, help one another to resist temptation, assure each other that the other’s growth matters to you, use the group to practice spiritual principles, and so on. Pray about one another’s commitments and needs at most meetings. Spend the first few minutes of each meeting sharing any results from applications prompted by previous lessons. Then discuss new applications toward the end of the meeting. Follow such sharing with prayer for these and other needs.
If you write down each other’s applications and prayer requests, you are more likely to remember to pray for them during the week, ask about them at the next meeting, and notice answered prayers. You might want to get a notebook for prayer requests and discussion notes.
Notes taken during discussion will help you to remember, follow up on ideas, stay on the subject, and clarify a total view of an issue. But don’t let note-taking keep you from participating. Some groups choose one member at each meeting to take notes. Then someone copies the notes and distributes them at the next meeting. Rotating these tasks can help include people. Some groups have someone take notes on a large pad of paper or erasable marker board so that everyone can see what has been recorded.
Page 220 lists some good sources of counsel for leading group studies.
Lesson One
Overview
What Is Acts?
The Holy Spirit has given us in the New Testament four accounts of Jesus’ ministry but only one book on the early years of the church. It is called the Acts of the Apostles, but in fact it tells us only selected things about a few of the apostles. What about John, who gave us five of the New Testament books? What about Matthew, who wrote one gospel? What about Andrew, Thomas, Bartholemew, James the Younger, Simon the Zealot, Judas son of James, and Matthias? Acts is even silent on the last fifteen years or so of Peter’s ministry. Clearly, just as God has not chosen to give us a complete biography of Jesus, so He has determined not to inspire a thorough history of the church’s beginnings.[1]
What is Acts?
If Acts is not a complete history of the church’s first three decades, then what is it? Our first clue is that it is the second of a two-volume work. An early convert to Christianity named Luke wrote a gospel and Acts for a Roman aristocrat named Theophilus (see Luke 1:1-4; Acts 1:1). Luke was the beloved physician
(Colossians 4:14, NASB) of the apostle Paul. He traveled with Paul on part of his second missionary journey. Some years later, Luke went from Philippi to Jerusalem with Paul, and when Paul was arrested there, Luke accompanied him on his harrowing journey to Rome. We surmise these facts from the way Luke changed from the third person (they
) to the first (we
) in parts of Acts (see 16:10-17; 20:5–21:18; 27:1–28:16).
We don’t know whether Luke was a Gentile, a Gentile convert to Judaism, or a Jew before he became a Christian. His writings show that he was steeped in the urban, Gentile, Greek-speaking culture of the Roman Empire; Luke 1:1-4 is written in the literary Greek of the educated elite, and Acts describes Gentile kings, philosophers, and legal details accurately. On the other hand, Luke was also well versed in the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Old Testament that Jews all over the Empire used.
About Theophilus we can only speculate. His name means lover of God,
but it was a common Greek name and was probably not made up by Luke. In Luke’s day, people often wrote for and dedicated their works to wealthy patrons, who helped pay for publishing the books. Theophilus was probably an educated Gentile aristocrat, either a new convert or an interested pagan. Luke may have wanted to help confirm this man and others like him in the faith by showing that it rested on firm historical foundations and the power of God.
When was Acts written? The earliest would be about AD 62, where chapter 28 leaves off abruptly. However, Luke seems to be looking back on those events from at least some distance. On the other hand, the book gives no hint of the deaths of Paul, Peter, or James, nor of the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70, nor even of Paul’s letters. Would a book written after AD 90 partly about Paul have ignored his letters, which were so influential by then? Most scholars who think Acts is an accurate account by Luke (as opposed to fiction) guess that the book was written over some time and finished towards AD 70.
[2]
1. Look at Luke’s prologue to his whole work (see Luke 1:1-4). What does he say Luke-Acts is meant to be?
2. In Acts 1:1-2, Luke summarizes volume 1 (Luke’s gospel) as an introduction to volume 2 (Acts). He says the gospel is about all that Jesus began to do and to teach
until His ascension into heaven forty days after the resurrection. If Luke’s gospel is about what Jesus began to do and to teach, what is Acts probably about?
3. What does Acts 1:8 tell you about the purpose of the book?
4. Read 1:15, 2:41, 4:4, 5:14, 6:7, 9:31, 12:24, 16:5, 19:20, and 28:31.
a. What do these verses have in common, and what progression do you see?
b. What does this pattern tell you about Acts?
Acts does not tell us all that Jesus did through the apostles, but only some of what He did through some of them. We learn nothing about the spread of the gospel to Crete (Titus 1:5), Illyricum (Romans 15:19—modern Yugoslavia), or Pontus, Cappadocia and Bithynia (1 Peter 1:1), not to mention the church’s expansion eastward toward Mesopotamia or southward toward Egypt.
[3] Instead, Luke focuses on one line of geographical expansion: from Jerusalem to Rome. Therefore, Acts 1:8 is only a partial clue to the book’s theme.
Also, Luke is not concerned to give us the apostles’ biographies. He begins with the apostles in Jerusalem, then ignores most of them to focus on Peter and two non-apostles. Then he turns from Peter to Paul, and he ends the book at last with Paul a prisoner in Rome probably destined to live several more years.
Moreover, Luke does not tell us all we might like to know about organization, lifestyle, and worship in the early church. He gives us glimpses of details, but these are incidental to the focus of the story.
What is the main focus? The best way to find this out (indeed, the best way to begin studying any book) is to read it several times, noting first impressions and the major sections. If possible, you should stop now and read through Acts once.