Lake Erie's Shores and Islands
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Lake Erie's Shores and Islands - H. John Hildebrandt
(SLARC).
INTRODUCTION
From the observation deck on Perry’s Monument, 317 feet above Put-in-Bay Harbor, the view to the east reveals Kelleys Island, then nothing but a blue horizon leading off to Buffalo, approximately 210 lake miles away. To the south is the soft green line of the Marblehead Peninsula. To the west is a necklace of small islands: Rattlesnake, Green, Sugar, and East Sister. If it is clear, Monroe, Michigan, and the mouth of the Detroit River can be seen. To the north are Middle and North Bass Islands, and just seven miles away is the southernmost point of the second largest country in the world: Middle Island, Canada. Below the observation deck is the village of Put-in-Bay, its harbor filled with boats, and Gibraltar Island, the turret of Cooke’s Castle sticking up through the trees. The vista is dazzling, the equal of any on the Great Lakes.
A short 14 miles southeast, from the summit of one of Cedar Point’s majestic roller coasters, the view is equally impressive: blue water, sky, green-robed islands, specks of boats and their trailing wakes, and the invisible line that separates Canada from the United States.
For 150 years, this region of Ohio has had a special allure for visitors. The area from Vermilion on the east to Port Clinton on the west, south to Milan, Bellevue, and Fremont, north to include Sandusky, Marblehead, Catawba, and the Lake Erie islands has been labeled Ohio’s Vacationland,
and Lake Erie Land,
and now Lake Erie Shores and Islands.
For Myrtle Beach, the attraction is the beach. For the Poconos, it is the mountains. Here, it is Lake Erie, the natural resource that gives the area its character and charm. The shores and islands area is approximately 1,250 square miles, 60 percent of which is water.
Beginning in the 1860s, visitors came to the islands of South Bass and Middle Bass by steamer from Detroit and Toledo to sample island wines and enjoy the natural beauty of the islands. The climate favored grape growing (and still does), and a large wine industry grew up on the islands and on the mainland.
Jay Cooke, Civil War financier and Sandusky native, was one of the first to recognize the appeal of the Lake Erie islands. In 1864, he bought Gibraltar Island, which forms the northern boundary of Put-in-Bay Harbor, and built a magnificent summer home called Cooke’s Castle. For the next 50 years, his family spent summers on the island. It is now owned by The Ohio State University, where it operates Stone Laboratory for Great Lakes Research.
Cedar Point traces its first season as a resort to 1870, when the steamer Young Reindeer offered trips to residents to swim and picnic on the beach. Visitors loved the natural beauty of the Cedar Point Peninsula; within a few years, the owners of the property began adding amusements: band concerts, dancing, boat rentals, and food concessions. In 1888, they opened the Grand Pavilion on the Cedar Point beach, which housed a cavernous main hall, bowling alleys, a photography studio, a large barroom, a fully equipped kitchen, and even three gas-operated chandeliers. Although much modified, the building is the oldest existing structure at Cedar Point and has operated for parts of three centuries.
Who were the visitors to Put-In-Bay and Cedar Point in these early years? Geographically, they were mostly residents of Ohio, Michigan, and surrounding states and the fast-growing cities of Cleveland, Detroit, Toledo, Akron, Pittsburgh, Youngstown, and Columbus. Demographically, they represented the growing American middle class, who in the years after the Civil War enjoyed more time for leisure activities.
In the years leading up to the turn of the century, South Bass and Middle Bass Islands enjoyed a golden age of tourism development. Many of the hotels and resorts on the islands catered to the upper class. In 1874, a group of businessmen from the Toledo area built a clubhouse
on Middle Bass to create a summer retreat. Several families built large summer homes on the island. The Middle Bass Club
offered bowling, tennis, boating, and weekend bands for dancing.
The Hotel Victory, built in 1892 on a bluff on the west side of South Bass Island, staked a claim as the largest summer hotel in the United States. It had 625 rooms (including 85 with private baths). The main dining room was 155 feet by 85 feet, and the hotel could feed up to 1,250 guests in one sitting. Located a mile and a half from the steamboat docks at Put-In-Bay, it was served by an electric streetcar line. Never a financial success, the Hotel Victory burned to the ground on the night of August 14, 1919.
Transportation played a key role in tourism development in the region. Steamships carried passengers and cargo to and from the islands and the ports along the Lake Erie shores for nearly a century, starting in the 1850s and 1860s. The last steamships were scrapped after World War II. In the summer, the harbors of Put-in-Bay and Sandusky were filled with Lake Erie steamers, connecting Sandusky, Cedar Point, Lakeside, the islands, Toledo, Detroit, and Cleveland. During this period, photographs taken of the piers in Sandusky or Put-in-Bay often show three or more steamers in the process of boarding passengers. As mud-filled roads were upgraded and new infrastructure added, including the Sandusky Bay Bridge in 1929, the shores and islands region also became more accessible via automobile.
Everything changed for Cedar Point when it was purchased by Indiana entrepreneur George A. Boeckling in 1899. The years leading up to the turn of the century had been lean ones for Cedar Point, but Boeckling was convinced that the resort had unlimited potential. In less than 10 years, he turned Cedar Point into a thriving amusement park as well as a resort, adding a midway with rides and building the 600-room Hotel Breakers in 1905 and the Coliseum in 1906. Boeckling was a very effective promoter. He brought in vaudeville acts and brass bands, staged championship boxing matches, and even sponsored the Glenn Curtiss flight from Euclid Beach to Cedar Point—at 65