On the Seven Seas: Wargames Rules for the Age of Piracy and Adventure c.1500–1730
By Chris Peers and Steve Noon
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On the Seven Seas - Chris Peers
INTRODUCTION
‘A Pyrate is Hostis humanis generis, a common Enemy, with whom neither Faith nor Oath is to be kept...’
Abstract of the English law relating to piracy, quoted by Captain Charles Johnson, 1724.
Pirates! Historians have been trying for centuries to persuade us that they were no more than vicious criminals, but despite the greed and brutality involved, piracy on the high seas retains a romantic appeal that few other historical subjects can match. Primary schools which would probably not encourage their pupils to dress up as bank robbers hold ‘pirate days’ – making the subject an ideal way to introduce a new generation to the pleasures of ‘historical’ wargaming. Piracy is as old as seafaring, but the era that has always caught the popular imagination is that of the Elizabethan sea-dogs, Henry Morgan’s buccaneers, and the larger-than-life characters of the early 18th century, who have been the inspiration for tales of adventure from Long John Silver to Jack Sparrow. This is the period covered by these rules – roughly between the Spanish and Portuguese discoveries which began the great age of exploration, and the close of the anti-pirate campaigns mounted by the Royal Navy in the 1720s. Their focus is broadly historical – you will not find sea serpents or undead sailors here, though it would be very easy to add your own rules for them if you want to – but at the same time light-hearted, as befits a period which for most people is likely to feature as entertainment rather than a subject for serious study. The background is hopefully as detailed and accurate as it needs to be to satisfy the historically-minded among us, but the aim has been to simplify where possible in the interests of an enjoyable, easy to learn and fast-flowing game. The experience will only be enhanced if you encourage suitably silly behaviour, such as wearing pirate hats, talking like Long John Silver, and using odd bits of naval jargon in inappropriate contexts.
(© North Star Military Figures)
With a subject like this, situations are always going to arise which the rules do not specifically cover. If necessary, think of them as providing a ‘set of guidelines’, within which you can use your imagination and background knowledge to invent special rules to enhance their own scenarios. The game is specifically designed to cater for multi-player scenarios where there are several factions or mini-armies on the table, all potentially mutually hostile, or at least with conflicting victory conditions. Therefore the factions which the players control will not necessarily be organised into two opposing armies like conventional wargames units, and there is no provision for a chain of command above faction level. So even if your faction is theoretically on the same side as that of another player, both are treated as free agents, and if you want to operate as a multi-player force you will just have to trust each other. Real pirates would have lied, cheated and stabbed their comrades in the back at every opportunity, and the system is deliberately designed to allow this. For this reason it is not as easy as it would be in an ordinary wargame to decide who is a friend and who is an enemy. So for morale and motivation purposes we need a simple definition of a ‘hostile’ faction: this is one to which a game scenario has allocated opposing victory conditions, or any member of which has shot at a member of the testing faction, attacked it hand-to-hand, or attempted to raise its Fear level by exhortation, in the game so far.
Captain Kidd burying his ill-gotten gains, by Angus McBride © Osprey Publishing Ltd. Taken from Elite 67: Pirates 1660–1730.
George Shelvocke was an ex-naval officer who joined a privateering expedition to the west coast of Spanish America in 1719. On the way he managed to lose the rest of the fleet before returning home with a huge haul of treasure. On his return to England much of the loot was missing and the expedition’s shareholders had Shelvocke tried for piracy, but he was acquitted for lack of evidence. He nevertheless died a rich man. He was one of the few 18th century pirates who lived to enjoy their plunder, and he was a distant relative of the author of these rules (but no, I don’t know where the treasure is!).
When it comes to rule interpretations and the actual mechanics of play, players need to be open-minded, flexible, and ready to discuss any problems in a friendly manner. So if in doubt about anything, use your common sense, vote on it, or throw dice to decide. If your personal plans get scuppered by someone else’s mistakes or treachery, remember he is just playing the role of a dastardly pirate. Above all, have fun.
(© North Star Military Figures)
EQUIPMENT NEEDED
Figures, which should accurately depict the men they represent and the weapons which they are carrying. The game has been designed mainly with 25/28mm figures in mind, but there is no reason why you should not use other scales if you wish. Figures should be individually based, so that they can be manoeuvred independently and removed if they become casualties. 28mm foot figures can be based on pennies or washers, or 20mm squares of card or plastic. A mounted figure will fit onto a base of 25mm frontage, and as deep as is required to accommodate the horse. Artillery pieces do not need bases.
Model ships or smaller vessels, if these are to be used in your game. An enjoyable game can be had between purely land-based forces, but fights at sea will be an important part of many pirate scenarios, and battles between and on board ships are fully catered for in the rules. Details of vessel types can be found on pages 15 to 16. There are many excellent models available, as well as plans for building your own, and designs are so varied that it is not feasible to lay down a list of standard dimensions. An important practical consideration is the number of figures it is possible to fit on board. A typical small sloop model of around 9 inches in length will carry approximately 20 figures on standard sized bases, plus four cannon. Twenty men on a deck of this size looks crowded, but pirate vessels usually were overmanned, and of course pirate hunters also had to carry large crews to have a chance against them in a boarding fight. Real sailing ships were very cluttered indeed, and there must inevitably be a compromise between a realistic model, complete with rigging etc., and one which allows you to manoeuvre figures