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    The Ultimate UKCAT Guide: 1250 Practice Questions
    The Ultimate UKCAT Guide: 1250 Practice Questions
    The Ultimate UKCAT Guide: 1250 Practice Questions
    Ebook946 pages9 hours

    The Ultimate UKCAT Guide: 1250 Practice Questions

    By Rohan Agarwal and David Salt

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    About this ebook

    “If you had all day to do your UKCAT, you would get 100%  But you don’t!”
    Whilst this isn’t completely true, it illustrates a very important point - the clock is your biggest enemy. This seemingly obvious statement has one very important consequence. The way to improve your UKCAT score is to improve your speed. There is no magic bullet. But there
    are a great number of techniques that, with practice, will give you significant time gains, allowing you to answer more questions and score more marks.
    Published by the UKs Leading Medical Admissions Company, the Ultimate UKCAT Guide is the most comprehensive UKCAT book available. Written for the 2018 Entry, it contains powerful time-saving strategies that will allow you to answer difficult questions within the time
    limit as well a massive 1250 Practice Questions written in the style and difficulty of the real exam. Each question comes with Fully Worked Solutions that guide you through the most efficient way for getting the correct answer as quickly as possible.
    With contributions and advice from over 20 Specialist UKCAT Tutors, this is your Ultimate companion to the UKCAT and a MUST-BUY
    for those looking to do well in the exam.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherRAR Medical Services Ltd
    Release dateNov 20, 2017
    ISBN9781999857028
    The Ultimate UKCAT Guide: 1250 Practice Questions

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      The Ultimate UKCAT Guide - Rohan Agarwal

      tennis.

      THE BASICS

      What is the UKCAT?

      The United Kingdom Clinical Aptitude Test (UKCAT) is a two hour computer based exam that is taken by applicants to medical and dental schools. The questions are randomly selected from a huge question bank. Since every UKCAT test is unique, candidates can sit the UKCAT at different times. There is a three month testing period and you can sit the test anytime within it.

      You register to sit the test online and book a time slot. On the day, bring along a printout of your test booking confirmation and arrive in good time. Your identity will be checked against a photographic ID that you’ll need to bring. You then leave your personal belongings in a locker and enter the test room. Make sure you go to the toilet and have a drink before going in, to save wasting time during the test.

      Who has to sit the UKCAT?

      You have to sit UKCAT if you are applying for any of the universities that ask for it in the current application cycle. You are strongly advised to check this list in May to see if the universities you are considering require it. The following is a list of the universities and courses requiring the UKCAT for 2018 entry. As it is subject to change, it is included for guidance only:

      The following table gives the subject area for each of the course codes that require UKCAT.

      Why is the UKCAT used?

      For medical schools, choosing the best applicants is hard. Every year, medical schools are flooded with talented applicants, all of whom have top grades and great personal statements. They felt they needed extra information to help them find the very best from the pool of very talented applicants they always had. That’s why admissions tests were created.

      The UKCAT was first introduced in 2006 to help medical schools make their choices. The test examines skills in different areas, all of which are related to critical thinking and decision making. The idea was to create a pure aptitude test, something which cannot be prepared for. However this is certainly not the case with the UKCAT, and this is even acknowledged by UKCAT itself based on their research. In our experience, you can improve your UKCAT score with only a small amount of work, and with proper organised preparation the results can be fantastic.

      When do I sit the UKCAT?

      When you register to sit UKCAT online, you choose your date and time slot and also the test centre. The UKCAT can be sat from 3rd July through to early October. Registration for the test opens in early May – we recommend you book your test early so you have the best choice of possible dates.

      Many students find it helpful to sit UKCAT in mid-late August – this gives you time in the summer to prepare, but gets the test complete before you go back to school, so you have one less thing to worry about at that busy time. Remember that you may want to modify your university choices based on your UKCAT score to maximise your chances of success.

      How much does it cost?

      In the EU, tests sat between 3 July and 31 August cost £65. Tests sat between 1 September and 3 October cost £85. Tests outside the EU cost £115 throughout the testing period.

      Some candidates who might struggle to fund the UKCAT fee are eligible for a bursary. If eligible to apply for one, you need to apply with supporting evidence by the deadline of 21 September 2017.

      Can I re-sit the UKCAT?

      You cannot re-sit UKCAT in the same application cycle – whatever score you get is with you for the year. That’s why it’s so important to make sure you’re well prepared and ready to perform at your very best on test day.

      If I reapply, do I have to resit the UKCAT?

      If you choose to re-apply the following year, you need to sit UKCAT again. You take your new score with you for the new applications cycle. UKCAT scores are only valid for one year from the test date.

      When do I get my results?

      Because the test is computerised, results are generated immediately and you will be given your score on the day of the test. You will be given a printed sheet with your details and your score to take away. Knowing your score is useful as it can help you choose your universities tactically to maximise your chances of success. Note that you don’t put your UKCAT score anywhere on your UCAS form, nor do you contact any universities to inform them. Universities that request UKCAT are sent your scores directly by UKCAT, so you don’t need to do anything besides apply through UCAS.

      Where do I sit the UKCAT?

      UKCAT is a computerised exam and is sat at computer test centres, similar to the driving theory test. When you book the test, you choose the most convenient test centre to sit it at.

      How is the UKCAT Scored?

      When you finish the test, the computer works out your raw score by adding up your correct responses. There are no mark deductions for incomplete or incorrect answers, so it’s a good idea to answer every question even if it’s a guess. For the four cognitive sections, this is then scaled onto a scale from 300 – 900. The totals from each of these sections are added together to give your overall score out of 3,600. The new decision making section is now fully introduced into the test, and is scored as normal.

      For section 5 (the situational judgement test, SJT) the scoring is slightly different. Here the appropriateness of your responses is used to generate a banding, from band 1 (being the best) to band 4 (being the worst). This is presented separately to the numerical score, such that every candidate’s score contains a numerical score out of 3,600 and an SJT banding.

      How does my score compare?

      This is always a tough question to answer, but it makes sense to refer to the average scores. The scaling is such that around 600 represents the average score in any section, with the majority of candidates scoring between 500 and 700. Thus a score higher than 700 is very good and a score less than 500 is very weak.

      For reference, in the 2017 entry cycle the mean scores at the end of testing were 573, 690 and 630 for sections 1, 3 and 4 respectively (section 2 was not marked, but this year it will be), giving an overall score of 1,893 or a mean score of 631 per section.

      How is the UKCAT used?

      Different universities use your UKCAT score in different ways. Firstly, universities that do not explicitly subscribe to UKCAT cannot see your UKCAT score and are unaware whether or not you sat UKCAT. Universities that use UKCAT can use it in a variety of ways – some universities use it as a major component of the assessment such as selecting candidates for interview based upon the score. Others use it as a smaller component, for example to settle tie-breaks between similar candidates. Each university publishes guidance on how they use the UKCAT, so you should check this out for the universities you are considering.

      It’s important to know how UKCAT is used in order to maximise your chances. If you score highly in UKCAT, you might decide to choose universities that select for interview based on a high UKCAT score cut-off. That way, you help to stack the odds in your favour – you might, for instance, convert a one in eight chance to a one in three chance. If your score isn’t so good, consider choosing universities that don’t use UKCAT in that way, otherwise you risk falling at the first hurdle and never getting the chance to show them how great you actually are.

      By this logic, it makes sense for all medical applicants to sit UKCAT – if you score well it opens doors, and if you don’t you don’t even have to apply to UKCAT universities. It makes sense not to place all your eggs in one basket. If you were to, for example, apply to only BMAT universities, you risk jeopardising your entire application if you are unlucky on test day.

      Can I qualify for extra time?

      Yes – some people qualify for extra time in the UKCAT, sitting what is known as UKCAT SEN. If you usually have extra time in public exams at school, you are likely to be eligible to sit the UKCAT SEN. The overall time extension is 30 minutes, bringing the total test time up from 120 to 150 minutes; this is allocated proportionately across the different sections. If you have any medical condition or disability that may affect the test, requiring any special provision, or requiring you to take any medical equipment or medication into the test you should contact customer services to discuss how to best proceed.

      GENERAL ADVICE

      Practice

      Preparing for the UKCAT will almost certainly improve your UKCAT score. You are unlikely to be familiar with the style of questions in sections 3, 4 and 5 of the UKCAT when you first encounter them. With practice, you’ll become much quicker at interpreting the data and your speed will increase greatly. Practising questions will put you at ease and make you more comfortable with the exam format, and you will learn and hone techniques to improve your accuracy. This will make you calm and composed on test day, allowing you to perform at your best.

      Initially, work through the questions at your own pace, and spend time carefully reading the questions and looking at the additional data. The purpose of this is to gain familiarity with the question styles and to start to learn good techniques for solving them. Then closer to test day, make sure you practice the questions under exam conditions and at the correct pace.

      Start Early

      It is much easier to prepare if you practice little and often. Start your preparation well in advance, ideally by early July but you are advised to start no later than early August. This way, you will have plenty of time to work through practice questions, to build up your speed and to incorporate time-saving techniques into your approach. How to start – well by reading this you’re obviously on track!

      How to Work

      Although this obviously depends on your learning style, it can be helpful to split your preparation into two stages. Early on, it’s often best to focus on only one section per day. Firstly read about the section, then maybe follow through a fully worked example, then try some practice questions, stop and mark them and work out anywhere you’ve gone wrong. By working on only one section per day, you focus your thoughts and allow yourself to get deeper into understanding the question type you’re working on. The aim of early preparation is to learn about the test and the question styles. Don’t worry so much about timing as you do about accuracy and technique. It is a good idea to start on the verbal reasoning and quantitative reasoning as these take the greatest amount of time to improve.

      Nearer to test day, you’ll need to work on multiple sections per day to help train your thinking to switch quickly from one mode to another. Start to attempt questions with strict timing. The aim now is that you’re comfortable in answering the questions, so the next step is to work on exam technique to ensure you know what to expect on the day. Attempt the online UKCAT practice questions – although there are not very many of these, they are set out as the computer will be on the day with the official UKCAT calculator, so getting familiar with this is important.

      Repeat Tough Questions

      When checking through answers, pay particular attention to questions you have got wrong. Look closely through the worked answers in this book until you’re confident you understand the reasoning- then repeat the question later without help to check you can now do it. If you use other resources where only the answer is given, have another look at the question and consider showing it to a friend or teacher for their opinion.

      Statistics show that without consolidating and reviewing your mistakes, you’re likely to make the same mistakes again. Don’t be a statistic. Look back over your mistakes and address the cause to make sure you don’t make similar mistakes when it comes to the test. You should avoid guessing in early practice. Highlight any questions you struggled with so you can go back and improve.

      Positive Marking

      When it comes to the test, the marking scheme is only positive – you won’t lose points for wrong answers. You gain a mark for each correct answer and do not gain one for each wrong or unanswered one. Therefore if you aren’t able to answer a question fully, you should guess. Since each question provides you with 3 to 5 possible answers, you have a 33% to 20% chance of guessing correctly – something which is likely to translate to a number of points across the test as a whole.

      If you do need to guess, try to make it an educated one. By giving the question a moment’s thought or making a basic estimation, you may be able to eliminate a couple of options, greatly increasing your chances of a successful guess. This is discussed more fully in the subsections.

      Booking your Test

      Unless there are strong reasons otherwise, you should try to book your test during August. This is because in the summer, you should have plenty of time to work on the UKCAT and not be tied up with schoolwork or your personal statement deadline. If you book it any earlier, you’ll have less time for your all-important preparation; if you book any later, you might get distracted with schoolwork, your personal statement deadline and the rest of your UCAS application. In addition, you pay £20 more to sit the test late in the testing cycle.

      Mock Papers

      There are 2 full UKCAT papers freely available online at www.ukcat.ac.uk and once you’ve worked your way through the questions in this book, you are highly advised to attempt both of them and check your answers afterwards. There are also a further 2 full mock papers available at www.uniadmissions.co.uk/ukcat-mock-papers.

      Prioritising Sections

      Many students find sections 3 and 4 the easiest to improve on. Initially, section 4 can often be the hardest section, but because you start form a lower point with a bit of familiarity and practice your score can increase greatly. Likewise you can achieve good gains with section 3. Although the subject matter of the questions is not new, with practice you gain familiarity with the style of UKCAT questions and with using the calculator. This familiarity can give you a useful speed boost, increasing your score. If you start your preparation late, it would be wise to concentrate most on these sections in order to achieve the best gains.

      A word on timing...

      If you had all day to do your UKCAT, you would get 100%, 3600 points. But you don’t.

      Whilst this isn’t completely true, it illustrates a very important point. Once you’ve practiced and know how to answer the questions, the clock is your biggest enemy. This seemingly obvious statement has one very important consequence. The way to improve your UKCAT score is to improve your speed. There is no magic bullet. But there are a great number of techniques that, with practice, will give you significant time gains, allowing you to answer more questions and score more marks.

      Timing is tight throughout the UKCAT – mastering timing is the first key to success. Some candidates choose to work as quickly as possible to save up time at the end to check back, but this is generally not the best way to do it. UKCAT questions have a lot of information in them – each time you start answering a question it takes time to get familiar with the instructions and information. By splitting the question into two sessions (the first run-through and the return-to-check) you double the amount of time you spend on familiarising yourself with the data, as you have to do it twice instead of only once. This costs valuable time. In addition, candidates who do check back may spend 2–3 minutes doing so and yet not make any actual changes. Whilst this can be reassuring, it is a false reassurance as it has no effect on your actual score. Therefore it is usually best to pace yourself very steadily, aiming to spend the same amount of time on each question and finish the final question in a section just as time runs out. This reduces the time spent on re-familiarising with questions and maximises the time spent on the first attempt, gaining more marks.

      There is an option to flag questions for review, making it easier to check back if you have time at the end of the section. There is absolutely no disadvantage to using this. If you’ve guessed a question then it makes sense to mark it, so you know where to best spend your spare time if you do finish the section early. Always select an answer first time round (even if it’s a guess), as there is no negative marking – you may not have time to turn back later on.

      It is essential that you don’t get stuck with the hardest questions – no doubt there will be some. In the time spent answering only one of these you may miss out on answering three easier questions. If a question is taking too long, choose a sensible answer and move on. Never see this as giving up or in any way failing, rather it is the smart way to approach a test with a tight time limit. With practice and discipline, you can get very good at this and learn to maximise your efficiency. It is not about being a hero and aiming for full marks – this is essentially impossible and in any case completely unnecessary. It is about maximising your efficiency and gaining the maximum possible number of marks within the time you have.

      VERBAL REASONING

      The Basics

      Section 1 of the UKCAT is the verbal reasoning subtest. It tests your ability to quickly read a passage, find information that is relevant and then analyse statements related to the passage. There are 44 questions to answer and in 21 minutes, so you have just under 30 seconds per question. As with all UKCAT sections, you have one minute to read the instructions. The idea is that this tests both your language ability and your ability to make decisions, traits which are important in a good doctor.

      You are presented with a passage, upon which you answer questions. Typically, there are 11 separate passages, each with 4 questions about it. There are two styles of question in section 1, and each requires a slightly different approach. All questions start with a statement relating to something in the passage.

      In the first type of question, you are asked if the statement is true or false based on the passage. There is also the option to answer cannot tell. Choose true if the statement either matches the passage or can be directly inferred from it. Choose false if the statement either contradicts the passage or exaggerates a claim the passage makes to an extent that it becomes untrue.

      Choosing the cannot tell option can be harder. Remember that you are answering based ONLY on the passage and not on any of your own knowledge – so you choose the cannot tell option if there is not enough information to make up your mind one way or the other. Try to choose this option actively. Cannot tell isn’t something to conclude too quickly, it can often be the hardest answer to select. Choose it when you’re actively looking for a certain piece of information to help you answer a question, and you cannot find it.

      In the other type of question, you are given a stem and have to select the most appropriate response based on the question. There is only one right answer – if more than one answer seems appropriate, the task is to choose the best response. Remember that there is no negative marking in the UKCAT. There will be questions where you aren’t certain. If that is the case, then choose an option that seems sensible to you and move on. A clear thought process is key to doing well in section 1 – you will have the opportunity to build that up through the worked examples and practice questions until you’re answering like a pro!

      This is the first section of the UKCAT, so you’re bound to have some nerves. Ensure that you have been to the toilet because once the exam starts you can’t pause and go. Take a few deep breaths and calm yourself down. Try to shut out distractions and get yourself into your exam mindset. If you’re well prepared, you can remind yourself of that to help keep calm. See it as a job to do and look at the test as an opportunity. If you perform well it will boost your chances of getting into good medical schools. If the worst happens, there are plenty of good medical schools that do not use UKCAT, so all is not lost.

      How to Approach This Section

      Time pressure is a recurring theme throughout the UKCAT, but it is especially important in Section 1, where you have only 30 seconds per question and a lot of information to take in.

      You should look carefully to see what the question is asking. Sometimes the question will simply need you to find a phrase in the text. In other instances, your critical thinking skills will be needed and you’ll have to carefully analyse the information presented to you.

      EXTREME WORDS

      Words like extremely, always and never can give you useful clues for your answer. Statements which make particularly bold claims are less likely to be true, but remember you need a direct contradiction to be able to conclude that they are false.

      To answer an always question, you’re looking for a definition. Always be a bit suspicious of never – make sure you’re certain before saying true, as most things are possible.

      PRIORITISE

      With UKCAT, you can leave and come back to any question. By flagging for review, you make this easier. Since time is tight, you don’t want to waste time on long passages when you could be scoring easier marks. Score the easy marks first, then come back to the harder ones if time allows. If time runs too short, at least take enough time to guess the answers as there’s a good chance you could pick up some marks anyway.

      BE A LAWYER

      Put on your most critical and analytical hat for section A! Carefully analyse the statements like you’re in a court room. Then look for the evidence! Examine the passage closely, looking for evidence that either supports or contradicts the statement. Remember you’re making decisions based on ONLY the passage, not using any prior knowledge. Does the passage agree or disagree? If there isn’t enough evidence to decide, don’t be afraid to say cannot tell.

      READ THE QUESTION FIRST

      Follow our top tip and read the question before the passage. There is simply not enough time to read all the passages thoroughly and still have time to complete everything in 22 minutes. By reading the statement or question first, you can understand what it is that is required of you and can then pick out the appropriate area in the passage. Do not fall into the trap of trying to read all of the passage, you will not score highly enough if you do this.

      When skim reading through the passage, it is inevitable that you will lose accuracy. However you can reduce this effect by doing plenty of practice so your ability to glean what you need improves. A good tip is to practice reading short sections of complicated texts, such as quality newspapers or novels, at high pace. Then test yourself to see how much you can recall from the passage.

      FIND THE KEYWORDS

      The keyword is the most important word to help you relate the question to the passage; sometimes there might be two keywords in a question. When you read the passage, focus in on the keywords straight away. This gives you something to look for in the passage to identify the right place to work from.

      It is usually easy to find the keyword/s, and you’ll become even better with practice. When you find it, go back a line and read from the line before through the keyword to the end of the line after. Usually, this contains enough relevant information to give you the answer.

      If this is not successful, you need to consider your next steps. Time is very tight in the UKCAT and especially so in section 1. There are other passages that need your attention, and there may be much easier marks waiting for you. If reading around the keyword has not given you the right answer it may well be time to move on. It might be that there is a more subtle reference somewhere else, that you need to read the whole passage to reach the answer or indeed that the answer cannot be deduced from the passage. Either way, if it’s difficult to find your time could be better spent gaining marks elsewhere. Make a sensible guess and move on.

      USE ONLY THE PASSAGE

      Your answer must only be based on the information available in the passage. Do not try and guess the answer based on your general knowledge as this can be a trap. For example, if the question asks who the first person was to walk on the moon, then states the three crew members of the first lunar mission were Edwin Aldrin, Neil Armstrong and Michael Collins. The correct answer is cannot tell – even though you know it was Neil Armstrong and see his name, the passage itself does not tell you who left the landing craft first. Likewise if there is a quotation or an extract from a book which is factually inaccurate, you should answer based on the information available to you rather than what you know to be true.

      If you have not been able to select the correct answer, eliminate as many of the statements as possible and guess – you have a 25 – 33% chance of guessing correctly in this section even without eliminating any answers, and if you’ve read around some keywords in the text you may well have at least some idea as to what the answer is. These odds can add a few easy marks onto your score.

      FLAGGING FOR REVIEW

      There is an additional option to flag a question for review. Flagging for review has absolutely no effect on the overall score. All it does is mark the question in an easy way for it to be revisited if you have time later in the section. Once the section is complete, you cannot return to any questions, flagged or unflagged.

      Coming back to questions can be inefficient – you have to read the instructions and data each time you work on the question to know what to do, so by coming back again you double the amount of time spent on doing this, leaving less time for actually answering questions. We feel the best strategy is to work steadily through the questions at a consistent and even pace.

      That said, flagging for review has one great utility in Section 1. If you come across a particularly long or technical passage, you may want to flag for review immediately and skip on to the next passage. By coming back to the passage at the end, you allow yourself the remaining time on the hardest question. This has an advantage in each of two scenarios. If you’re really tight for time, at least you maximised the time you did have answering the easier questions, thereby maximising your marks. If it turns out you have extra time to spare, you can spend it on the hardest question, allowing you a better chance to get marks you otherwise would have struggled to obtain. Thus flagging for review can be useful in Section 1, but its usefulness is probably greatest when you flag questions very soon after seeing them rather than when you have already spent time trying to find the answer.

      Remember to find the right balance: if you flag too many questions you will be overloaded and won’t have time to focus on them all; if you flag too few, you risk under-utilising this valuable resource. You should flag only a few questions per section to allow you to properly focus on them if you have spare time.

      Worked Examples

      EXAMPLE 1:

      In 287 BC, in the city of Athens, there lived a man named Archimedes who was a royal servant to the King. One day, the King received a crown as a birthday gift and wanted to know whether it was made of pure gold. He ordered Archimedes to find out whether the crown was indeed pure gold or an alloy. For many days, Archimedes pondered over the solution to this problem. He knew the density of gold, but could not calculate the volume of the crown.

      One day, as he was bathing, he realised as he got into the bath that the volume of water displaced must be exactly equal to the volume of his own body. Upon this realisation he ran across the streets naked, yelling eureka! He weighed the crown and found its volume by immersing it in water and then calculated its density. He discovered that the density did not match that of pure gold. The crown was impure, and the blacksmith responsible for its manufacture suffered the consequences.

      Archimedes knew the volume of the crown but could not calculate its weight

      True

      False

      Cannot tell

      Archimedes gave the crown as a birthday gift to the King

      True

      False

      Cannot tell

      The crown had silver impurities

      True

      False

      Cannot tell

      Archimedes found the weight of the crown using a balance scale

      True

      False

      Cannot tell

      ANSWERS

      False – The keywords are volume and weight. Check these against the text and you will find that Archimedes could calculate the weight, but not the volume.

      False – Whilst it does not explicitly state the giver of the gift, the description of Archimedes as a servant and his role in investigating the crown is wholly incompatible with him being the giver of the gift.

      Cannot tell – The word silver does not appear anywhere in the passage so this statement cannot be true. But this statement is not false either because nowhere does it say that silver was not the impurity.

      Cannot tell – Through your own logic, you probably guessed that this is how Archimedes weighed the crown, but remember to only use the information within the passage and use of a balance scale is not mentioned.

      EXAMPLE 2:

      Gregor Mendel was an Austrian-Hungarian monk who is regarded to be the father of genetics. Mendel was born in poverty and was often believed to suffer from autism. He studied mathematics and physics at university, but subsequently dropped out as he could not fund his studies. He joined a monastery to escape a life of poverty. He loved to collect biological specimens and from this he noticed the different traits that animals and plants possessed. Curiosity led him to experiment with plants in a greenhouse at the monastery, as experiments using animals was forbidden.

      He collected pure bred

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