GPAT and Gate Pharmacy 3rd Edition: GPAT and Gate Pharmacy 3rd Edition

drugs.

Pharmaceutics and

Pharmaceutical Technology

1.   Surface tension can be determined by the formula

2.   As the temperature increases, the surface tension

3.   The units of surface tension are

4.   The surface tension varies with temperature

5.   Non-Newtonian flow can be described by using

6.  The greater the thixotropy, the            

is the physical stability of suspensions.

7.  In plastic system, below yield value, the apparent viscosity is

8.   Yield value is indicative of

9.   Dilatant material are often termed as            

systems

10.  Ostwald Viscometer is used to determine the Viscosity of         

liquid

11.   Emulsions have a             

Shelf life

12.   Creaming is a             

process

13.   Oil in Water emulsions normally cream               

14.   Micro emulsions contain globules of the size about

15.   The downward creaming means            

rate of sedimentation

16.   A blend between tween 20 and span 20 form            

type of emulsion

17.   The density of a oil phase can be enhanced by adding

18.   Finely divided powders have            

wettability

19.   Brownian movement of particles            

sedimentation

20.   Example of an Non-ionic type of polymer

21.   When the suspended particles are hydrophobic in nature, the formulation of a suspension includes a            

22.   Wetting ability of a vehicle is detected by observing

23.   Different suspensions can be compared by using            

as a quality control parameter

24.   Density of structured vehicle can be enhanced by adding

25.   Protein binding               

the distribution of drugs

26.   The higher the complex stability constant            

is the carcinogenic activity of a ligand

27.   The epimerisation of tetra cycline is            

reaction

28.   The expiry date of tablet is not mentioned on the tablet. It means that expiry time in years is

29.   Two solutions are said to be isotonic if they exert same            

30.   If the solution causes shrinkage of RBC, it is said to be

31.   Toxicity is measured on the basis of            

properties

32.   The buffer index has been defined as the ratio of the increment of strong base (or acid) to the            

33.   The human plasma contains            

as buffers

34.   The pH of a buffer can be calculated using

35.  The rate of release of drug from inert matrix system has been derived by

36.  Amorphous form of drug dissolves            

than the crystalline form

37.   In passive diffusion, the transport of drugs takes place from a region of               

concentration to a               

concentration.

38.   Lyophobic colloids are            

colloids

39.   Electrolytes are added to            

Zeta potential

40.   The temperature at which the solubility of the surfactant is equal to CMC is

41.   Hcl gas is soluble in water due to

42.   Solubility of most gases            

with rise in temperature

43.   Solubility of a gas in a solvent is            

by adding sugar

44.   How much solvent is required to dissolve sparingly soluble salt

45.   Ethanol is added to increase the solubility of poorly soluble drug by

46.   Solution of starch in water is a example of the colloidal type

47.   Electro dialysis is a method for the purpose of

48.   Which one of these is not related to protective colloid

49.   Addition of Alcohol to the hydrophilic colloid leads to

50.   Dissolution is affected by

51.   Which is the critical step of absorption of drugs from a tablet

52.  Which one of the equation is used to identify the drug release from a dosage form.

53.   Which one of these drugs diffuses easily through membranes in stomach

54.   Which one of these drugs diffuses easily through the membrane in the instestinal portion

55.   The blood plasma has a freezing point of

56.   The pH of tears is about

57.   Accelerated stability studies are valid only when the breakdown is

58.   Hydrolysis of ethyl acetate in acid base medium follow the order of reaction

59.   Which order of reaction is followed by photo decomposition of the drug

60.   Ampicillin is degraded by a process of

61.   Procaine pencillin is not heated for prolonged duration due to decomposition by

62.   The rate of Hydrolysis can be controlled by

63.   Which of these is a chelate

64.   The neo plastic drug, cisplatin is an example of

65.   The metal ion complex, the metal ion and ligand respectively are

66.   Which one of these is not a multi dentate ligand

67.   The stability constant is increased in complexation if the ligand is having

68.   Which of the properties affects the physico chemical properties of drug

69.   Anderson pipette is based on the principle of

70.   For good flow properties, angle of repose should be

71.   The 000 size capsules can fill the volume of

72.   Porosity of a porous powder is defined as

73.   One nano meter is equal to

74.   In ideal suspension, the sedimentation volume should be

75.   Which is not related to flocculated system

76.   Which one of these is related to suspension

77.   Structured vehicle is included in the formulation of a suspension in order to

78.   In the preparation of a structured vehicle, which one of the following substance is used

79.   The phase volume ratio in stable emulsion is about

80.   The HLB range of emulsifier used in the preparation of water in oil emulsion is

81.   An early sign of instability in emulsion is detected by

82.   Auxiliary emulsifying agents stabilize the emulsion by

(a) Adjusting the viscosity of continuous phase

(b) Changing the HLB value

(c)  Strengthening the polar head of emulsifier

(d) Strengthening the non-polar head of emulsifier

83.   On commercial scale, emulsions are prepared by

84.   Multiple emulsion is designated as

85.   Flocculated suspension shows the

86.   Tragacanth in water is associated with

87.   Dilatant flow is exhibited by

88.   The pseudo – plastic flow behavior can be explained by

89.   Stormer viscometer is

90.   Which one of these is not a rheological property

91.   Lipophilicity of surface active agent is increased by

92.  The surface active agent used as detergent has HLB value

93.   Surface free energy is defined as the work required to increase the

94.   Surface tension is a

95.   Which of these decreases the surface tension of water

96.   Which one of these is used in anti-diarrhoeal mixture

97.   A graph is plotted by taking time on x axis and concentration of reactant on y axis for a reaction following a pseudo first order. The pattern of the graph is :

98.   In the photochemical degradation of multisulpha preparation, the order that the reaction follows is :

99.   The integral rate equation for a reaction (in common notation) is written as log c = log co – (kt/2.303). when a graph is drawn log c vs. t, the slope will be :

100.   The integral equation (in common notation) k = x/at (a-x) is concerned with the order :

101.  When a series of steps are involved in a reaction, the ‘overall rate’ of a reaction depends upon the rate(s) of :

(a)   All Steps

(b)   All steps which follow the slowest step

(c)   All steps which precede the slowest step

(d)   The slowest step

102.   The solid state decomposition of aspirin in presence of moisture follows the order :

103.  The reaction rate constant (k) is 2.0 × 10–3 min.–1 for aspirin hydrolysis in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid at 1 mg/ml concentration. Under same conditions, If the product contains aspirin 4 mg/ml of the initial concentration, the k value in minutes –1 will be :

104.   A second order reaction follows pseudo-first order reaction, when the concentrations of :

(a)   Two reactants are high

(b)   Two reactants are low

(c)   One reactant is far higher than the other reactant

(d)   Two reactants are equal

105.   In the study of the rate of a reaction, 100 ml of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid is added to 10 ml methyl acetate for the reaction to occur. The reason for making such a proportion is to make :

106.  The conversion of trans-stilbene to cis-stilbene follows the molecularity:

107.   In the hydrolysis of sucrose in hydrochloric acid solution, the change in the optical rotation follows the order :

108.  In the degradation studies of aspirin suspension, the orders observed initially and at the end, respectively, are :

109.   A prescription of liquid aspirin preparation contained 6.5 g/100 ml. The solubility of aspirin at 25° C is 0.33 g/100 ml. The order of reaction in the kinetic study is :

110.   The time required for the complete degradation of a drug in solution is a finite value. The order of that reaction is :

111.   Normally, ethyl acetate undergoes hydrolysis in presence of H+ and (OH)- ions. The order of the reaction observed in the acidic and alkaline solutions, respectively, are :

112.   In reactions that follow first order kinetics, half life is expressed by equation:

113.  The units for the specific rate constant for a second order reaction are :

114.  The half life of a first order reaction is 4 years. What is its shelf life (in years)

115.   The general rate expression for a first order reaction (in common notation) is

116.   Which one of the following dosage forms exhibit faster rate of reaction under normal conditions?

117.   In chemical kinetics, the rate of a reaction is expressed as (–dc/dt), where dc refers to the concentration. Whose concentration does it refer to?

118.  Which one of the following can be designated as the molecularity of a reaction?

119.   Which one of them is referred as a general rate equation (–dc/dt) for a second order?

120. Which one of the following orders have abundant applications in biological processes?

121.   In a chemical reaction, the rate constant is independent of the initial concentration. Which one of them is the order ?

122.   The accelerated stability studies are primarily used to determine:

(a)   Energy of the activation of the reaction

(b)   k value at elevated temperatures

(c)   k value at the room temperature

(d)   shelf life of the product

123.  The specific rate constant (k) determined for aspirin hydrolysis in pH 1.0 buffer at ©1 mg/ml concentration is 2.0 × 10-3 min–1 at 25° C. The shelf life of the product is (in minutes):

124.   Identify the equation that is NOT of Arrhenius :

125.  In general, reaction rate constants in neutral pH are comparatively :

126.   The expiry date for a tablet is not mentioned on the label. It means that the expiry time in years is :

127.   Penicillin G is prepared as a salt of procaine penicillin G. Now the rate of decomposition of penicillin G will be :

128.   According to International Pharmaceutical Federation, the recommended overages be limited to the maximum percent of :

129.   Usually, the rate of a chemical reaction may be enhanced by :

(a)   Cooling the reaction mixture

(b)   Increasing the rate of stirring

(c)   Raising the temperature of the reaction mixture

(d)   Using stoichiometric quantities of each reactant

130.  Which of the following expression is correct for the determination of shelf life for a first order decomposition?

131.   Regarding the influence of the solvent on the rate of reaction, solvents having the internal pressure :

(a)   Higher produced with higher internal pressure

(b)   Higher favour the formation of products having lower internal pressure

(c)   Lower yield products having higher internal pressure

(d)   Lower retard the formation of products with lower internal pressure

132.   During autoclaving of dextrose solution, a straw colour is observed. It is due to the presence of a substance called :

133.   In injections, procaine undergoes the degradation reactions in the following sequence :

(a)   Decarboxylation and hydrolysis

(b)   Hydrolysis and decarboxylation

(c)   Hydrolysis, decarboxylation and oxidation

(d)   Oxidation, decarboxylation and hydrolysis

134.   On a product, the label stares ‘protect from light’. What type of decomposition does the product undergo?

135.  Which of the following reaction is observed in the degradation of ampicillin?

136.   Aspirin undergoes decompostion in a formulation. It can be prevented by :

137.   Which one of the following is primarily not a chemical decomposition?

138.   For the validity of accelerated stability studies of solution dosage form, the energy of activation should be in the range of (in units of kcal/mole) :

139.  Which one of these methods is the most effective in preventing the rate of hydrolysis?

140.   During storage, crystal growth is observed in a suspension due to :

(a)   Absorption of water

(b)   Fluctuations in the ambient temperatures

(c)   Presence of suspending agent

(d)   Volatilization of solids

141.   The storage direction on a parenteral solution specify ‘store in a cool place’. This may be stored in :

(a)   An air-conditioned area at 10° C

(b)   A refrigerator at 15°C

(c)   A place whose temperature is set at 5°C

(d)   Room temperature, at 25°C

142.   According to Noyes-Whitney’s equation, the factor that affects the dissolution is :

143.   According to Noyes-Whitney’s equation for dissolution, the rate (dc/dt) is expressed (in common notations) as :

144.  From the point of view of dissolution, which of the following dosage forms is least absorbed?

145.   Which category of drugs is evaluated for dissolution?

146.   Which one of the following is the initial step in the absorption of drugs from a tablet?

147.   Absorption of a drug is not a problem, when its solubility is about (in percent) :

148.   Which one of the following (forms) creates more difficulties regarding dissolution?

149.   Which one of the drugs below is expected to have the greatest dissolution?

150.   Which one the following ingredients enhances the dissolution of a hydrophobic drug?

151.  The dissolution rate constant may be expressed (in common notations) as:

152.   For in vitro-in vivo correlations, which one of the following dissolution parameters is extensively used?

153.  In dissolution experiments, which one of the following coated basket is preferred, when acid medium is used?

154.   For faster absorption of a water insoluble drug, the critical factor is :

155.   For in vitro-in vivo correlations of dissolution testing, which one of these factors should be considered appropriately?

156.   Which one of the equations is used to identify the drug release from a dosage form?

157.   For tablets, dissolution test is performed in order to assure the process of :

158.   The rate limiting step for the absorption of lipid soluble drug from a immediate release tablet is the rate of :

(a)   Blood flow to the intestinal tract

(b)  Disintegration of the tablet and release of drug

(c)   Dissolution of the drug

(d) Transport of the drug molecules across the intestinal mucosal tract

159.  The in vitro dissolution rate of nitrofurantoin tablet would be decreased by:

(a)   Decreasing the viscosity of the medium

(b)   Increasing the force of compression

(c)   Increasing the mechanical agitation

(d)   Micronizing the nitrofurantoin powder

160.   Which one of the following conditions generally increases the rate of drug dissolution from a tablet?

161.  For controlled release of drug products, one of the following statements is true. Identify it.

162.  The relationship between the rate of diffusion of drug across the biological membrane and the concentration gradient is :

163.   If the pKa of phenobarbitone is 7.4. What fraction of the drug would be ionized at pH 8.4?

164.   A solution is to be adjusted to pH 8.8 by the use of boric acid-sodium borate buffer. What approximate ratio of acid and salt is required (ka of boric acid is 5.8 × 10-10 )?

165.   Which one of the following physicochemical properties is more important for passive diffusion of drugs from the gastrointestinal tract?

166.  Which one of these drugs diffuses easily through the membrane at gastric region?

167.  Which one of these drugs diffuses easily through the membrane at intestinal portion of the GIT?

168.   The degree of ionization of weak electrolyte drug can be estimated using the property :

169.   According to pH partition theory, a weakly acidic drug will be absorbed most likely from the stomach, because the drug exists primarily in the :

(a)   Form of weak acid and more soluble in acid medium

(b)   Ionized, more water soluble form

(c)   Ionic form, which facilitates diffusion

(d)   Un-ionized, more lipid soluble form

170.   Generally, passage of drug molecules across a cell membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration is known as :

171.   When the release of drug from a dosage form satisfies Higuchi’s equation, the release of drug can be considered as :

172.   Parachor is a (an) :

173.   Span 40 is dissolved in paraffin oil. At slightly above the critical micelle concentration, the arrangement of span molecules is :

174. Near critical micelle concentration, micelles of the surfactant molecules assume the shape of :

175.   It has been found that octanol can be spread on water. The initial spreading coefficientat 293 K is (in mjm -1) :

176.   Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) is a surfactant of type :

177.   Micelles are observed in water, when the added surfactant is within a particular concentration range. This concentration range should be :

178.   At concentrations below cmc, the surfactant molecules remain:

179.   Which is an example for cationic surfactant?

180.   Which one the following emulsifiers is used to stabilize the emulsion of water-in-oil type.

181.   Antonlff’s rule is applicable to :

(a)   Highly polar liquids against water

(b)   Nonpolar liquids against water

(c)   Polar liquids against any other immiscible liquids

(d)   Slightly polar liquids against water

182.   In the dispersion of sulphur in water, acacia is used as :

183.   The HLB range for lipophilic surfactants is :

184.  Two capillaries having radii of 0.01 and 0.02 can were used to calculate the surface tension of the same liquid using traveling microscope. What will be the rise exhibited by the first capillary in comparison to the second capillary?

185.   Gegenions means :

(a)   Amphiphiles

(b)  Ions having a charge opposite to the potential determining ions

(c)   Ions having same charge as that of potential determining ions

(d)   Potential determining ions

186.   In the thermodynamic treatment of dispersion of hydrophilic solids, the Gibbs’s free energy change and the entropy change, respectively, are :

187.   The equation used for the determination of surface tension of a liquid (g1) by capillary rise method is :

(b)   0.5 × radius. Density. Height. Acceleration due to gravity

(c)   Dial reading × correction factor / 2 × ring circumference

When

n = number of drops

ρ = density of the liquid

γ = Surface tension

188.   When oleic acid is added to water, the pH of the surface will be

189.   Which one of the following substances decreases the surface tension of water.

190.   For the wetting of a solid by liquids, the contact angle (in degrees) should have a value nearly :

191.   When cetyl alcohol is added to water, it appears on the water surface as:

192.   Surface tension is a (an)

193.   The surface tension of water is 72.8 dy/cm, while that of benzene is 28.9 dy/cm. This means :

(a)  Adhesive forces between benzene and air are stronger than that of water-air

(b)  Cohesive forces in water are stronger than that of in benzene

(c)  Cohesive forces in water are weaker than that of in benzene

(d)   Wetting of benzene to the glass capillary is more

194.   Solid/Solid interfaces are important in :

195.   Surface tension is defined as the change in the surface free energy per unit change in :

196.   One micrometer is equal to

197.   Which of the following properties of a particle significantly affects the physical, chemical and biological properties of the drug?

198.   The type of a particle diameter obtained largely depends on :

199.  When cumulative percent frequency on a probability scale is plotted against logarithm of the particle size, 50 percent on the probability scale gives the powder particle diameter of :

200.   Which one of these distributions is more important in the design of dosage forms?

201.   In the formulation development of emulsions and suspensions, what type of diameter is important?

202.   Sieving method is used for size distribution analysis of powders. The disadvantage of this method is :

203.  While using sedimentation method for size analysis, addition of a deflocculating agent to a suspension is necessary in order to :

(a)   Accelerate the process of sedimentation

(b)   Make the particles spherical

(c)   Prevent the aggregation

(d)   Satisfy Reyonlds number

204.   Stokes’ law cannot be used, if Reynolds number is more than :

205.   Andreasen apparatus consists of :

206.  When Coulter-counter apparatus is employed for powder analysis, the following criterion is important :

(a)   Dispersion medium should be coloured

(b)   Dispersion medium should be conducting

(c)   Suspended particles should be changed

(d)   Suspended particles should be spherical

207.   In Coulter-counter, as the particles travel through the orifice, the event that occurs is :

(a)   Conductance between the electrodes increases

(b)  Electronics scanners produce photographs for volume measurement

(c)   Resistance between the electrodes increases

(d)   Sedimentation increases

208.   Fisher subsieve sizer is used to determine the surface areas of the powder. The surface area is measured based on the change in :

(a)   Light transmission of gas that reaches the detector

(b)   Pressure across the compacted powder

(c)   Thermal conductivity of gas across the powdered pack

(d)   Weight of powder when air is passed through the powdered pack

209.   High repose angle of the granules indicates :

210.   The true density of talc is 2.7 g/cc, the bulk density (g/cc) of talc will be :

211.   The angle of repose values are utilized to :

(a)   Measure the movement of granules from hopper to the table of tabletting/capsule machine

(b)   Select proper containers for capsules of a given mass of powders

(c)   Study the absorption of drugs

(d)   Understand dissolution of medicament

212.  The term ‘light’ as applied to pharmaceutical powders means:

213.   The type of particle diameter that is obtained by microscope method of evaluation is :

214.   Porosity of a porous powder is defined as :

215.   Flocculated suspensions exhibit the flow of a type :

216.   A limitation that is not related to the falling sphere viscometer :

217.   In general, Newtonian fluids are expressed in terms of viscosity. A corresponding expression in non-Newtonian fluids (in terms of viscosity) is

218.   One of the following is not a one point viscometer, but can be used for the same purpose. Pick the viscometer of this type.

219.   Fluidity is a term associated with Newtonian fluids. An equivalent term in plastic flow fluids is :

220.   Dilatant flow is characterized as a reverse phenomenon of :

221.   Deflocculated suspension with high concentration of the dispersed solids exhibits the flow of type :

222.   In antithixotropy, the down-curve is frequently positioned to : (with respect to up- curve) :

223.  At equilibrium, the thixotropic behavior of a pseudo plastic system exhibit the state of :

224.   Which one of the following physical property is not a rheological property?

225.   The pseudo plastic flow behavior can be explained by :

226.   Brook-field viscometer is an example of type :

227.   High viscosity indicates one of the following relationships in a system. Which is relevant?

228.   An emulsion of o/w type has the viscosity :

229.   Creep testing is applied to analyze the viscoelastic property of :

230.   The system that undergoes get-to-sol transformation is known as :

231.   The type of viscosity specified in I.P. (Ostwald viscometer) is :

232.   After giving the i.m. injection of procaine pencillin G, the process of forming a depot in the muscle is due to :

233.   Pick the reason for the calibration of an instrument

(a)   Most of the instruments are not reliable

(b)   To calculate the constant for the instrument

(c)   To calculate the relative property

(d)   To correct the errors in the working of an instrument

234.   Plug flow is not observed in cone and plate viscometer. The reason is :

235.   Desferoxamine belongs to a category of :

236.   Cisplatin is an anticancer drug. It is an example for :

237.  The systemically available drug concentration is directly related to pharmacological action. The concentration is usually referred to :

238.  What is the nature of drug, which mostly bind to the human serum albumin?

239.   In coordinated complexes, what is the function of a ligand?

240.   In inorganic metal complexes, coordination number means the number of:

(a)   Ionic bonds that a metal ion can form with ligands

(b)   Non-ionic bonds that a ligand can form with a metal

(c)   Non-ionic bonds that a metal can form with the ligands

(d)   Metal ions involved

241.   Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) is an example of ligand type:

242.   One of the following is not a multidentate ligand . Identify.

243.  In pH titration method, 0.25 N sodium hydroxide solution is used to titrate the complex (glycine-cupric) solution. What is the reason?

(a)   Complex is formed only under alkaline conditions

(b)   Complex does not form completely under acidic conditions

(c)   Concentration of ligand bound to metal ion can be obtained

(d)   Neutralization of amino acid, glycine, is essential

244.  In the pH titration curves of glycine-cupric complex, sudden increase in the pH is observed. It indicates that :

(a)   Complex is dissociated

(b)   Lower complex turned to higher complex

(c)   H+ ions stopped reacting with (OH)- ions

(d)   (OH)- ion is not participated in the complex formation

245.   Glycine forms complex with cupric ions only at the pH range.

246.   Monomolecular inclusion complexation involves following except:

247.  Complexation between metal and ligand is possible as 1:1 and 1:2. Statistically speaking, the formation of 1:1 complex favoured over 1:2 complex by :

248.   Complex stability constant is increased, if the ligand is having:

249.  Iodine forms a complex when it is dissolved in an organic solvent. Identify the solvent.

250.   Which one of the following compounds (electron donor) does strongly interact with electron acceptor in forming a complex?

251.  Pick up the electron acceptor, which is capable of forming organic molecular complexes?

252.   The role of hydrogen bonding between species in complexation can be highlighted, when the solvent employed is :

253.   Study of complexes is important in assessing drug action, because

(a)   Chemical kinetics can be used to study the equilibrium

(b)   Complexes influence the partition coefficient

(c)  Complexes provide insight about the classical theories of chemical bonding

(d)   Thermodynamics can be applied precisely

254.   In most of the complexes, metal ions and ligands are involved. The metal ion and ligand, respectively, are :

255.   An example for colloidal system is :

256.   The criterion to call a system ‘colloid’ is :

(a)   A fine state of subdivision of dispersed phase

(b)   Dispersed particles are in the size range of 1 nm to 1mm

(c)   Interface is very extensive

(d)   The presence of dispersed phase in a dispersion medium

257.   Solutions of proteins and starch in water are the example of the colloidal type:

258.  Electrodialysis method is employed in the colloidal chemistry for the purpose of :

259.   Silica gel is an example for the type of gel:

260.   Which of the following do not form colloid spontaneously?

261.   Sulphor sol is an example of colloidial type :

262.   Thixotropic type of behavior is shown by the gel:

263.   In the determination of size, shape and structure of colloidal particles, which one of the following can not be used?

264.   Surfactant solutions are termed as association colloids when their concentrations are :

(a)   Insufficient to saturate the bulk phase

(b)   Insufficient to saturate the interface

(c)   Less than critical micellar concentration (cmc)

(d)   More than cmc

265.   Name the type of colloidal dispersion to which electrolytes are normally added in small quantities to stabilize :

266.   Protective colloids do not :

267.   Which one of the following colloids is difficult to prepare?

268.   In high concentrations, electrolytes destabilize a lyphilic sol by a process termed as :

269.   Which quality of the dispersed phase is responsible for the increased viscosity of a hydrophilic dispersion?

270.   Dispersion of acacia in water gives the colloid of type:

271.   Addition of alcohol to a hydrophilic colloid leads to :

272.   The critical value of zeta potential (in milli volts) for a stable colloid (except gold sol) is :

273.   If kinetic energy of interaction is about 25 kT(where k is gas constant), the system can be considered to have :

274.  In foams, the dispersed phase and dispersion medium, respectively, are :

275.   The characteristic of a lyphobic sol is that :

(a)   Electrolytes in small amounts induce stabilization

(b)   It is reversible

(c)   Particles have high electric charge

(d)   Viscosity increases by the presence of particles

276.   Hydrosol refers to a system in which the dispersed phase and dispersion medium, respectively, are :

277.   Electro dialysis is used, when impurities in a sol are :

278.   Under ultra microscope, colloid particles appear as :

(a)   Bright specks against dark background

(b)   Concentric rings

(c)   Dark specks against bright background

(d)   Fluorescent specks

279.  Which one of the following properties is extensively applied for determining the molecular weight of polymers?

280.   Aerosol is the reverse of :

281.   In the determination of the gold number of a protective colloid, the endpoint is indicated by :

282.   The semipermeable membrane used in haemodialysis is :

283.   The stability of acacia in water is due to :

284.   The molecular weight of dispersed solids in a colloidal system can be determined using an instrument:

285.  A wetting agent is included in the formulation of a suspension, particularly when the suspended particles :

286.  For a flocculated suspension, one of the following criterion is satisfied or established.

287.   In stokes relationship, a parameter that greatly changes the velocity of settling is :

288.   The protamine-zinc insulin suspension is prepared by a method viz.,:

289.   Methyl cellulose is a polymer, which is of a type :

290.   For a flocculated suspension, the degree of flocculation is observed to be one. The sedimentation volume is also 1 (one). These values, respectively, indicate the limits :

291.   For an ideal suspension, the sedimentation volume should be :

292.   In case of suspensions, all statements below are true except that :

293.   In practice, an acceptable suspension should have particles:

(a)   Of nearly 0.1 micrometer

(b)   Which can be readily re-dispersible after they settle

(c)   Which should form a cake after settling

(d)   Should not settle

294.   For oral administration of a suspension to a patient, which one of the factors is the most important?

295.   Which one of the following properties is applicable to suspensions?

296.   Suspended particles become flocculated in a suspension, because:

(a)   Attractive forces between particles are appreciable

(b)   Particles are packed closely

(c)   Repulsive forces between particles are appreciable

(d)   Vehicle rejects the particles

297.   Structured vehicle is included in the formulation of a suspension, in order to

298.   In the preparation of a structured vehicle, which one of the following substances is used?

299.   Which type of colloidal material is used commonly in the preparation of a structured vehicle?

300.   When charcoal powder is dusted on the surface of water, the contact angle (in degrees) that the charcoal exhibits is :

301.  A maximum sedimentation volume will be obtained when zeta potential is :

302.   A substance is dissolved in water. The suspension has exhibited a negative apparent zeta potential. Identify the related substance.

303.   Calcium hydrogen phosphate is dissolved in water. The apparent zeta potential initially is :

304.   Which one of these preparations is not qualified as a suspension.

(a)   Barium meal for radio diagnostic use

(b)   Calamine lotion for antiseptic use

(c)   Procaine penicillin G for intramuscular injection

(d)   Vitamin B complex tonic as nutritional supplement

305.   In an emulsion, the velocity of sedimentation is found to be negative. It means that the creaming is :

306.   The density of the dispersed phase is more than that of the dispersion medium. According to the stokes’ equation, the creaming is :

307.   When oil and water are triturated together, the interfacial free energy was observed to be increased. What does it indicate?

308.   For a stable emulsion, the phase volume ratio is generally about:

309.   The HLB range of an emulsifier employed in the preparation of water-in-oil emulsion is :

310.  In case of emulsions, the viscosity immediately after preparation and during storage, respectively, will be:

311.   The distribution of globules is not uniform in an emulsion. This stage is termed as :

312.  An o/w micro emulsion is prepared using a hydrophilic surfactant. The appearance of the micro emulsion is :

313.   Emulsions are defined as thermodynamically unstable systems. The events that follow sequentially towards instability are :

(a)   Coalescence, breaking, creaming and flocculation

(b)   Coalescence, flocculation, creaming and breaking

(c)   Flocculation, creaming, breaking and coalescence

(d)   Flocculation, creaming, coalescence and breaking

314.  In the stability of emulsion, which instability step is prevented by emulsifiers?

315.   An ‘emulsion within emulsion’ is designated as :

316.  The main function of an emulsifier in the preparation of an emulsion is to :

(a)   Develop a condensed membrane layer film

(b) Increase the repulsions between globules coming together

(c)   Increase the surface free energy

(d)   Reduce the interfacial tension

317.   An emulsifier can be regarded as superior, if its mechanism of action is based on the principle of :

(a)   Developing solid adsorption film

(b)   Forming monomolecular adsorption film

(c)   Generating multimolecular adsorption film

(d)   Increasing interfacial energy

318.   An emulsifier is considered to be ideal, if it is soluble in :

319.   On commercial scale, emulsions are prepared by :

320.  Micro emulsion is not considered to be a true emulsion, because :

321.   A variety of factors would influence the rate of creaming in an emulsion. The factor open to formulation pharmacist is to regulate :

322.   Normally preservatives are added to an emulsion. One of the following statements is true.

(a)  Amount of the preservative added is below minimum inhibitory concentration

(b)   Emulsifier should enhance the preservative action

(c)   Preservatives remain in the aqueous phase

(d)   Preservatives stay in the oil phase

323.  For the formulation of w/o emulsion, the coalescence rate of :

(a)   w/o has no relationship to the type of emulsion formed

(b)   o/w is equal to w/o coalescence rate

(c)   o/w is grater than w/o coalescence rate

(d)   w/o is grater than the o/w coalescence rate

324.   Auxiliary emulsifying agents are used to stabilize the emulsion. They act on the principle :

(a)   Adjusting the HLB value

(b)   Strengthening the nonpolar tails of the emulsifier

(c)   Strengthening the polar heads of the emulsifier

(d)   Thickening the continuous phase

325.   Little information is available regarding the characteristics of solid/solid interaction, because

326.  It is difficult to express the size of particles in meaningful diameter. The reason is that the particles in a powder are :

327.   The ratio of oil, water, gum used for primary emulsion of a fixed oil is

328.  The substance used to increase the viscosity of the vehicle in mixtures is

329.   The weight of each powder should be at least

330.   The substance used to increase the weight of the tablet is called

331.   The solvent usually used in throat paints is

332.   Lugol’s solution is used

333.   Dextrose injection is sterilized by

334.   The base used in chewable tablet is

335.   Capsule shells are made with

336.   Example for disintegrating agent is

337.   The percentage of sucrose in simple syrup is

338.   Injections are prepared with the following

339.   Latin term for three times a day is

340.   How many table spoonfuls are present in one fluid ounce

341.   Young’s formula is

342.   Lozenge tablets are introduced for

343.   Pharmacokinetics is the study of

344.   Volatile oils are extracted from plant materials by

345.   The size reduction by impact is achieved in

346.   Blood products are dried by the process of

347.   Talc is used in the preparation of Aromatic waters as a

348.   Cetrimide is

349.  The latest edition of Indian Pharmacopoeia was published in

350.   A double cone mixer is used for mixing

351.