Improve Your Word Power: Test and Build Your Vocabulary

better.

Animal, vegetable or mineral

What better way to start a quiz book than with a reference to another quiz? All the words here could fit under one of the headings ‘animal’, ‘vegetable’ or ‘mineral’ – but do you know what they mean?

Antimony a) A medicinal herb b) A small mammal c) A silvery metal

Borage a) A bird b) A herb c) A tree

Calabrese a) A breed of horse b) A build-up of salts in the body c) A sort of broccoli

Dotterel a) Another name for the aardvark b) A metallic element c) A shore bird

Eland a) A breed of duck b) A large antelope c) A section of an electrical circuit

Frigate a) A beetle b) A mushroom c) A seabird

Gallium a) A mushroom b) The scientific name for a chicken c) A silvery element

Jacaranda a) An African antelope b) An ornamental tree c) A South American bird

Kohlrabi a) An alkaline metal b) A form of cabbage c) A species of albatross

Leatherjacket a) A fibrous mineral b) The larva of certain insects c) Another name for the sweet potato

Moa a) An extinct New Zealand bird b) A South African fruit c) A South American monkey

Ngaio a) A bird b) A mineral c) A tree

Ormolu a) A decorative metal alloy b) A form of cabbage c) A songbird

Poinsettia a) A flowering plant b) A North American snake c) A type of rabbit

Quagga a) An extinct horse b) A moss c) A seabird

Ratel a) A fierce animal b) A metal c) A small tree used in hedges

Tungsten a) A greyish element b) A parrot c) A relative of the rhinoceros

Vermiculite a) A mineral used in gardening b) A mushroom c) A type of worm

Yggdrasil a) A mushroom b) A mythological tree c) A type of fern

Zircon a) An extinct horse b) A mineral used as a gemstone c) Another name for the zebra finch

Answers

Antimony c) A silvery metal, used in semiconductors.

Borage b) A herb with blue, star-shaped flowers. Very pretty when frozen in ice cubes and added to drinks. (Pretty in the garden, too.)

Calabrese c) A sort of broccoli, that Dayglo-green sprouting kind that looks like something from outer space.

Dotterel c) A shore bird, a type of plover.

Eland b) A large antelope, the largest in Africa, with impressive spiralling horns.

Frigate c) A seabird, known for its broad wingspan and habit of stealing food from the beaks of other birds in flight.

Gallium c) A silvery element whose most useful characteristic is that it is liquid at a wide range of temperatures. The scientific name for a chicken is Gallus gallus.

Jacaranda b) An ornamental tree with conspicuous blue-purple flowers.

Kohlrabi b) A form of cabbage with an edible root or bulb that looks a bit like a turnip. Pronounced coal-rah-bee.

Leatherjacket b) The larva of certain insects, particularly the crane fly or daddy-longlegs.

Moa a) An extinct New Zealand bird, resembling an enormous emu.

Ngaio c) A small tree or shrub, also from New Zealand, with relations across Australia and the South Pacific. Pronounced nigh–o.

Ormolu a) A decorative metal alloy, usually gold in colour and often used to embellish furniture and clocks.

Poinsettia a) A flowering plant with red foliage, popular at Christmas.

Quagga a) An extinct horse- or zebra-like animal with stripes only on the front of its body.

Ratel a) A fierce animal, related to the weasels and also known as the honey badger. No more than 28 cm (11 in) high and weighing 10–15 kilograms (22–33 lb), it can still have a go at a lion. Think wolverine with attitude.

Tungsten a) A greyish element with a variety of industrial uses. Its name means ‘heavy stone’ in Swedish.

Vermiculite a) A mineral used in gardening, as a sort of potting compost for young plants. A different form can also be used in sound-proofing and fire resistance. Vermiculite splits into thin flakes when heated, a characteristic that made someone think of worms or the tracks they leave – hence the name, which comes (like the fine pasta known as vermicelli) from the Latin for worm.

Yggdrasil b) A mythological tree from Norse tradition: usually said to be an ash, it is the centre of the cosmos, binding various worlds together.

Zircon b) A mineral used as a gemstone, occurring in various colours from red to green, as well as in a colourless form.

CONFUSABLES

adverse/averse

Adverse means unfavourable, hostile, as in adverse weather conditions or adverse criticism; averse is unwilling or disinclined and is often used in the negative: I’m not averse to going with you, as long as you don’t expect me to drive.

Some colourful phrases

We seem to love endowing colours with different qualities – green is eco-friendly or naïve, blue is sad or pornographic, gold and silver are privileged. Do you know the meaning of these colourful expressions?

Blackball a) To cheat at roulette b) To vote against someone c) To win at bowls

Black sheep a) Someone who mindlessly follows the example of others b) Someone who is considered a disgrace to the family c) A union member who goes to work while others are on strike

Blue-blooded a) Aristocratic b) Cowardly c) Hot-tempered

Blue collar a) Aristocratic b) Involved in manual labour c) Possessive, jealous

In a brown study a) Deep in thought b) Depressed c) Sycophantic

Golden handshake A generous payment made … a) in recognition of a job well done b) when you narrowly fail to win a jackpot or star prize c) when you retire or leave your job

Green card A card permitting you to … a) live and work in the United States b) park without payment c) return to the sports field after time in the ‘sin bin’

(To have) green fingers a) To be envious, especially of other people’s money b) To have a natural talent for gardening c) To be unsophisticated, foolishly trusting

Grey area One that is a) dull b) not clearly defined c) set aside for future building development

In the pink a) Healthy and happy b) In uncertain financial circumstances c) Young and sexually attractive

Purple prose Writing that is … a) evocative of winter b) unnecessarily elaborate c) very dull

Caught red-handed a) Caught and bowled (in cricket) or by the pitcher (in baseball) b) Caught in the act c) Caught napping

Red herring a) A distraction b) A fish dish popular in India c) An untrustworthy person

Red-letter day a) A day when disaster strikes b) An important occasion c) The last working day of the month

Red tape a) Luxurious extras included in the price of a holiday b) Tape scattered in celebration during a procession c) Time-consuming official procedure

(To view the world through) rose-tinted spectacles a) To be irritatingly cheerful b) To be unnecessarily pessimistic c) To be unrealistically optimistic

(To be born with a) silver spoon (in your mouth) a) To have a knack of getting out of trouble b) To inherit wealth and good fortune b) To speak fluently but rather glibly

White-knuckle a) Always ready to start a fight b) Cowardly c) Frightening

Yellow-bellied a) Cowardly b) Disloyal c) A habitual liar

Answers

Blackball b) To vote against someone. In the eighteenth century, members of a club would hold a secret ballot to decide whether or not to admit a new applicant. Putting a white ball into the urn said yes, a black ball said no. Nowadays, the expression has a broader meaning – to ostracize or turn a cold shoulder to someone.

Black sheep b) Someone who is considered a disgrace to the family. This isn’t a racist comment so much as a financial one – a black sheep’s wool couldn’t be dyed, so it was worth less than that of the rest of the (white) flock.

Blue-blooded a) Aristocratic. This is a racist comment, deriving from the Moorish invasion of Spain in the eighth century. The Spaniards considered themselves socially superior to the Moors, so were proud of the veins showing blue under their paler skins.

Blue collar b) Involved in manual labour, and therefore likely to wear a blue overall, as opposed to a white-collar office worker, who traditionally wore a white shirt and a tie. An expression coined when all workers, at whatever level, were assumed to be male.

In a brown study a) Deep in thought. The colour brown used to be associated with sadness, so a brown study was originally a gloomy one; now it just tends to mean ‘Oh, sorry, I was miles away.’

Golden handshake c) A generous payment made when you retire or leave your job. Any idiom to do with gold involves money, good fortune or both. A golden handshake tends to be given to people who might be considered to have quite enough money already, such as executives who have been involved in a scandal and forced to resign, but still have to be paid off. Generously.

Green card a) A card permitting you to live and work in the United States. This is a literal description: when you are given this permission, you are issued with a card, which happens to be green. Or greenish.

(To have) green fingers b) To have a natural talent for gardening, because green is the colour of horticulture and growth. Sometimes ‘a green thumb’.

Grey area b) Not clearly defined, not set down in black and white. A grey area is one about which it is hard to make up your mind, because you can see arguments for both sides.

In the pink a) Healthy and happy. ‘The pink’ is the peak of condition, the height of fashion, any desirable state.

Purple prose b) Writing that is unnecessarily elaborate. Purple is the colour of richness – being born in the purple means being royal, or something close to it. With purple prose ( or a purple patch or passage) this richness goes over the top and becomes excessively ornate.

Caught red-handed b) Caught in the act. Originally you would have been poaching, with red hands from the blood of the stag you shouldn’t have killed; now you can be caught red-handed in the course of any crime or misdemeanour.

Red herring a) A distraction. A red (smoked) herring has a particularly strong smell; if you draw it across the fox’s trail during a hunting expedition, it distracts the hounds. Nowadays, a red herring is more usually found in a detective story: it’s a piece of irrelevant information planted by the author to distract the reader from following the genuine clues.

Red-letter day b) An important occasion, originally a saint’s day or other holiday, traditionally printed in red on a calendar.

Red tape c) Time-consuming official procedure, so called because official documents, which had to be dealt with before anything useful could be done, were tied up with red tape. The tape scattered during a procession is ticker tape.

(To view the world through) rose-tinted spectacles c) To be unrealistically optimistic, seeing the good side of everything. This could, of course, involve being irritatingly cheerful, but mindless optimism is the defining factor.

(To be born with a) silver spoon (in your mouth) b) To inherit wealth and good fortune. Not necessarily as lucrative as a golden handshake (see above), but still an advantage.

White-knuckle c) Frightening, usually in the expression a white-knuckle ride. This originated in the idea of a ride at a funfair that was designed to be scary and made you grip the safety rail so tightly that your knuckles went white. It can now be used metaphorically, too: giving a series of high-pressure presentations at work might be described as a white-knuckle ride. There’s the sense of a happy outcome, though: just as you usually emerge unscathed from a frightening experience at a funfair, so you normally come through those white-knuckle presentations having won the contract.

Yellow-bellied a) Cowardly. It’s not clear why yellow came to be associated with cowardice – there are many creatures, from woodpeckers to whales and including rattlesnakes, that boast a yellow-bellied species, but none has been pinpointed as of a particularly nervous disposition. The expression became popular in the American Wild West in the nineteenth century, so it may refer (insultingly) to the supposedly sallow skin of the Mexicans with whom the US was at war, but no one is really sure.

Words about family and friends

It’s easy enough to talk about uncles and aunts and cousins, but sometimes we want something more specific or more grandiose, and sometimes those relationships take on extra, subtler meanings … See how you get on with these.

Atavistic a) Having primitive characteristics b) Overwhelmingly protective c) Pertaining to a grandparent

Avuncular Pertaining to or like … a) a cousin b) a grandparent c) an uncle

Cadet a) A nephew b) A second cousin or cousin ‘once removed’ c) A younger son or brother

Camaraderie a) An incestuous relationship b) Betrothal c) Friendship

Confidant a) A close friend b) A lover c) A sister or brother

Connubial Pertaining to … a) cousins b) marriage c) trusted friends

Dowager a) A minor beneficiary of a will b) An unmarried aunt c) A widow

Filial Pertaining to … a) betrothal b) the family home c) a son or daughter

Fraternize a) To associate on friendly terms b) To become engaged c) To include someone in your will

Matriarchy A society dominated by … a) brothers b) married couples c) women

Mentor a) The best man at a wedding b) A trusted adviser c) An uncle

Morganatic Pertaining to … a) an acrimonious divorce b) a marriage between two people of unequal rank c) a wedding present

Nepotism a) Favouritism b) Incest c) An unexpected inheritance

Paternalistic a) Affectionate b) Overly protective and fussy c) Stern and forbidding

Patrimony a) Fatherly affection b) An inheritance from your father c) Same-sex marriage

Primogeniture a) Being conceived but not born before your parents are married b) The earliest known ancestor on a family tree c) The system whereby the eldest son automatically