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    Cancer and Nanomedicine Textbook: 2
    Cancer and Nanomedicine Textbook: 2
    Cancer and Nanomedicine Textbook: 2
    Ebook76 pages56 minutes

    Cancer and Nanomedicine Textbook: 2

    By Aliasghar Tabatabaei Mohammadi, Mahnaz Khanehfarda, Danial Amiri Manjili and

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    About this ebook

    Research and textbook about cancer and nanomedicine for medical doctors and researchers.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherNobel TM
    Release dateMar 25, 2023
    ISBN9791222087092
    Cancer and Nanomedicine Textbook: 2

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      Cancer and Nanomedicine Textbook - Aliasghar Tabatabaei Mohammadi

      Cancer Nanomedicine Overview.

      In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in developing nanomedicine-based approaches for cancer treatment. This is largely due to the unique properties of nanoparticles, such as their small size and ability to target specific cells or tissues, which make them ideal candidates for delivering drugs or imaging agents to cancer cells. Furthermore, the development of nanomedicine-based cancer therapies has the potential to significantly improve treatment efficacy and reduce side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy or radiation

      However, there are still challenges that need to be overcome in the development of cancer nanomedicines, including issues related to toxicity, stability, scalability, and regulatory approval. Efforts are underway to address these challenges through rigorous testing and research, as well as collaboration between academia, industry, and regulatory agencies. Overall, the field of cancer nanomedicine holds great promise for advancing cancer treatment and improving patient outcomes. As research in the field continues, it is expected that new and innovative nanomedicine-based approaches will emerge, paving the way for more effective cancer

      Arsenal of nanomedicine platforms

      The field of cancer has benefited greatly from nanotechnology during the past several decades. Liposomes, along with other lipid-based NPs, continue to make up a significant fraction of clinical-stage nanotherapeutics. Liposomal doxorubicin (LD); Doxil and Myocet, for instance, was the first class of therapeutic NPs to acquire clinical approval for the treatment of cancer16. Although it has been widely demonstrated that encapsulating pharmaceuticals in liposomes improves PK and biodistribution, no commercially available liposomal therapeutic treatments have yet demonstrated an overall survival (OS) improvement when compared with the traditional parent drug17. Recent phase III data demonstrated better OS of 9.56 months versus 5.95 months18 in patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia when liposomal cytarabine-daunorubicin (Vyxeos; also known as CPX-351) was compared to the standard of care regimen of cytarabine and daunorubicin.

      This is optimistic for the science of cancer nanomedicine, and it is anticipated that Vyxeos will file for regulatory clearance in late 2016. The second class of commercially available nanomedicines was NP albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel; Abraxane). The nab platform makes it possible to build hydrophobic medications while significantly reducing the requirement for hazardous excipients. As a result, the drug's Cmax and plasma area under the curve (AUC) may increase and it may be more swiftly and easily given, resulting in greater drug tolerance. Nab-paclitaxel has not been shown to significantly change the PK and biodistribution of paclitaxel after intravenous administration since it soon dissociates into its albumin and paclitaxel constituents.

      The every-three-week dose schedule of nab-paclitaxel is superior to paclitaxel for patients with breast cancer in terms of response rate and time to progression19, but a once-per-week dosing schedule did not exhibit the same trends in progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) and furthermore shown greater toxicity20. Two more recent kinds of cancer nanotherapeutic agents include polymeric micelles (such as Genexol-PM21 and NK105; REF. 22) and polymeric NPs (such as CRLX101; REF. 23; BIND-014; REF. 11 and AZD-2811 Accurin24). Recent reports of underwhelming clinical outcomes for BIND-014, CRLX101, and NK105 highlight the need to reconsider development tactics, including prospective patient selection to determine individuals who are most likely to react to nanotherapeutics. Inorganic nanomaterials are also being researched for usage in cancer patients, with the iron oxide NP-based NanoTherm26 already being sold in Europe for the treatment of glioblastoma. These materials include gold nanoshell25, iron oxide NP26, and hafnium oxide NP27.

      What's more exciting is the rapid expansion of our knowledge of nano-bio interactions and the toolkit of platforms for nanomedicine. Between 2000 and 2014, the total number of papers relating to nanoparticle on PubMed nearly quadrupled every two years, exceeding the startling increase in publications on monoclonal antibody (mAb) in the 1980s. We anticipate that the emergence of nanomedicine in the next years will have a similarly transformative effect as it did in the case of mAb, which led to the creation of significant therapies.

      The field of cancer has benefited greatly from nanotechnology during the past several decades. Liposomes, along with other lipid-based NPs, continue to make up a significant fraction of clinical-stage nanotherapeutics. Liposomal doxorubicin (LD); Doxil and Myocet, for instance, was the first class of therapeutic NPs to acquire clinical approval for the treatment of cancer16. Although it has been widely demonstrated that encapsulating pharmaceuticals in liposomes improves PK and biodistribution, no commercially available liposomal therapeutic treatments have yet demonstrated an overall survival (OS) improvement when compared with the traditional parent drug17. Recent phase III data demonstrated better OS of 9.56 months versus 5.95 months18 in patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia when liposomal cytarabine-daunorubicin (Vyxeos; also known as CPX-351) was compared to the standard of care regimen of cytarabine and daunorubicin.

      Exosomes

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