Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 Quotes

“The less you eat, drink, buy books, go to the theatre or to balls, or to the pub, and the less you think, love, theorize, sing, paint, fence, etc., the more you will be able to save and the greater will become your treasure which neither moth nor rust will corrupt—your capital. The less you are, the less you express your life, the more you have, the greater is your alienated life and the greater is the saving of your alienated being.”
― Karl Marx, Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“If money is the bond binding me to human life, binding society to me, connecting me with nature and man, is not money the bond of all bonds? Can it not dissolve and bind all ties? Is it not, therefore, also the universal agent of separation?”
― Karl Marx, Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“Communism is the riddle of history solved, and it knows itself to be this solution.”
― karl marx, Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“The increase in value of the world of things is directly proportional to the decrease in value of the human world.”
― Karl Marx, Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“If you love without evoking love in return - if through the vital expression of yourself as a loving person you fail to become a loved person, then your love is impotent, it is a misfortune.”
― Karl Marx, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“Christ represents originally: 1) men before God; 2) God for men; 3) men to man.

Similarly, money represents originally, in accordance with the idea of money: 1) private property for private property; 2) society for private property; 3) private property for society.

But Christ is alienated God and alienated man. God has value only insofar as he represents Christ, and man has value only insofar as he represents Christ. It is the same with money.”
― Karl Marx, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“If you love without evoking love in return—that is, if your loving as loving does not produce reciprocal love; if through a living expression of yourself as a loving person you do not make yourself a loved person, then your love is impotent— a misfortune.”
― Karl Marx, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“In fact, the proposition that man’s species nature is estranged from him means that one man is estranged from the other, as each of them is from man’s essential nature.”
― Karl Marx, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“First, the fact that labor is external to the worker, i.e., it does not belong to his intrinsic nature; that in his work, therefore, he does not affirm himself but denies himself, does not feel content but unhappy, does not develop freely his physical and mental energy but mortifies his body and ruins his mind. The worker therefore only feels himself outside his work, and in his work feels outside himself. He feels at home when he is not working, and when he is working he does not feel at home. His labor is therefore not voluntary, but coerced; it is forced labor. It is therefore not the satisfaction of a need; it is merely a means to satisfy needs external to it. Its alien character emerges clearly in the fact that as soon as no physical or other compulsion exists, labor is shunned like the plague. External labor, labor in which man alienates himself, is a labor of self-sacrifice, of mortification. Lastly, the external character of labor for the worker appears in the fact that it is not his own, but someone else’s, that it does not belong to him, that in it he belongs, not to himself, but to another. Just as in religion the spontaneous activity of the human imagination, of the human brain and the human heart, operates on the individual independently of him – that is, operates as an alien, divine or diabolical activity – so is the worker’s activity not his spontaneous activity. It belongs to another; it is the loss of his self.”
― Karl Marx, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“Wages are a direct consequence of estranged labor, and estranged labor is the direct cause of private property.”
― Karl Marx, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“The extremity of this bondage is that it is only as a worker that he continues to maintain himself as a physical subject, and that it is only as a physical subject that he is a worker.”
― Karl Marx, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“We also understand, therefore, that wages and private property are identical. Indeed, where the product, as the object of labor, pays for labor itself, there the wage is but a necessary consequence of labor’s estrangement. Likewise, in the wage of labor, labor does not appear as an end in itself but as the servant of the wage...

An enforced increase of wages (disregarding all other difficulties, including the fact that it would only be by force, too, that such an increase, being an anomaly, could be maintained) would therefore be nothing but better payment for the slave, and would not win either for the worker or for labor their human status and dignity.

Indeed, even the equality of wages, as demanded by Proudhon, only transforms the relationship of the present-day worker to his labor into the relationship of all men to labor. Society would then be conceived as an abstract capitalist.

Wages are a direct consequence of estranged labor, and estranged labor is the direct cause of private property. The downfall of the one must therefore involve the downfall of the other.”
― Karl Marx, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“إن الإنسان الذي يصبح خاضعاً لحاجاته المغرّبة هو كائن إنساني مشوه ذهنياً وطبيعياً ... السلعة الفاعلة والواعية ذاتياً. إن الإنسان السلعة هذا لا يعرف سوي طريق واحد لتواصل ذاته مع العالم الخارجي, بواسطة امتلاكه واستهلاكه: فكلما يكون الإنسان أكثر اغتراباً كلما تساهم حاسة الملكية والاستعمال أكثر في تشكيل علاقاته بالعالم. فكلما تكون أنت أقل, وكلما تعبر أقل عن حياتك, كلما تملك أكثر, وكلما تكون حياتك المغرَّبة وعملية توفير وجودك, أعظم”
― Karl Marx, Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“Thus political economy — despite its worldly and voluptuous appearance — is a true moral science, the most moral of all the sciences. Self-renunciation, the renunciation of life and of all human needs, is its principal thesis. The less you eat, drink and buy books; the less you go to the theater, the dance hall, the public house, the less you think, love, theorize, sing, paint, fence, etc., the more you save — the greater becomes your treasure which neither moths nor rust will devour — your capital. The less you are, the less you express your own life, the more you have, i.e., the greater is your alienated life, the greater is the store of your estranged being. Everything which the political economist takes from you in life and in humanity, he replaces for you in money and in wealth; and all the things which you cannot do, your money can do. It can eat and drink, go to the dance hall and the theater; it can travel, it can appropriate art, learning, the treasures of the past, political power — all this it can appropriate for you — it can buy all this: it is true endowment. Yet being all this, it wants to do nothing but create itself, buy itself; for everything else is after all its servant, and when I have the master I have the servant and do not need his servant. All passions and all activity must therefore be submerged in avarice. The worker may only have enough for him to want to live, and may only want to live in order to have that.”
― Karl Marx, Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“Communism as the positive transcendence of private property as human self-estrangement, and therefore as the real appropriation of the human essence by and for man; communism therefore as the complete return of man to himself as a social (i.e., human) being — a return accomplished consciously and embracing the entire wealth of previous development. This communism, as fully developed naturalism, equals humanism, and as fully developed humanism equals naturalism; it is the genuine resolution of the conflict between man and nature and between man and man — the true resolution of the strife between existence and essence, between objectification and self-confirmation, between freedom and necessity, between the individual and the species. Communism is the riddle of history solved, and it knows itself to be this solution.”
― Karl Marx, Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“The raising of wages excites in the worker the capitalist's mania to get rich, which he, however, can only satisfy by the sacrifice of his mind and body.”
― Karl Marx, Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“El "trabajo" es por esencia la actividad carente de libertad, inhumana y asocial, cuya condición y cuyo resultado es la propiedad privada. La superación de la propiedad privada, por tanto, solo será realidad cuando se la conciba como superación del "trabajo".”
― Karl Marx, Manuscritos Economicos y Filosoficos de 1844

“The devaluation of the world of men is in direct proportion to the increasing value of the world of things.”
― Karl Marx, Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“[T]he emancipation of the workers contains universal human emancipation — and it contains this because the whole of human servitude is involved in the relation of the worker to production, and all relations of servitude are but modifications and consequences of this relation.”
― Karl Marx, Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“[T]he more the worker spends himself, the more powerful becomes the alien world of objects which he creates over and against himself, the poorer he himself — his inner world — becomes, the less belongs to him as his own. It is the same in religion. The more man puts into God, the less he retains in himself. The worker puts his life into the object; but now his life no longer belongs to him but to the object. Hence, the greater this activity, the more the worker lacks objects. Whatever the product of his labor is, he is not. Therefore, the greater the product, the less is he himself. The alienation of the worker in his product means not only that his labor becomes an object, an external existence, but that it exists outside him, independently, as something alien to him, and that it becomes a power on its own confronting him. It means that the life which he has conferred on the object confronts him as something hostile and alien.”
― Karl Marx, Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“This class has always to sacrifice a part of itself in order not to be wholly destroyed.”
― Karl Marx, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“The more man puts into God, the less he retains in himself.”
― Karl Marx, Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“Communism begins immediately with atheism.”
― Karl Marx, Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“The less you eat, drink, buy books, go to the theatre or to balls, or to the pub, and the less you think, love, theorize, sing, paint, fence, etc., the more you will be able to save and the greater will become your treasure which neither moth nor rust will corrupt—your capital. The less you are, the less you express your life, the more you have, the greater is your alienated life and the greater is the saving of your alienated being.”

― Karl Marx, Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844”
― Karl Marx, Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“Непосредственным следствием того, что человек отчужден от продукта своего труда, от своей жизнедеятельности, от своей родовой сущности, является отчуждение человека от человека. Когда человек противостоит самому себе, то ему противостоит другой человек. То, что можно сказать об отношении человека к своему труду, к продукту своего труда и к самому себе, то же можно сказать и об отношении человека к другому человеку, а также к труду и к предмету труда другого человека.”
― Karl Marx, Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“В чем же заключается отчуждение труда?

Во-первых, в том, что труд является для рабочего чем-то внешним, не принадлежащим к его сущности; в том, что он в своем труде не утверждает себя, а отрицает, чувствует себя не счастливым, а несчастным, не развивает свободно свою физическую и духовную энергию, а изнуряет свою физическую природу и разрушает свои духовные силы. Поэтому рабочий только вне труда чувствует себя самим собой, а в процессе труда он чувствует себя оторванным от самого себя. У себя он тогда, когда он не работает; а когда он работает, он уже не у себя. В силу этого труд его не добровольный, а вынужденный; это — принудительный труд. Это не удовлетворение потребности в труде, а только средство для удовлетворения всяких других потребностей, но не потребности в труде. Отчужденность труда ясно сказывается в том, что, как только прекращается физическое или иное принуждение к труду, от труда бегут, как от чумы. Внешний труд, труд, в процессе которого человек себя отчуждает, есть принесение себя в жертву, самоистязание. И, наконец, внешний характер труда проявляется для рабочего в том, что этот труд принадлежит не ему, а другому, и сам он в процессе труда принадлежит не себе, а другому. Подобно тому как в религии самодеятельность человеческой фантазии, человеческого мозга и человеческого сердца воздействует на индивидуума независимо от него самого, то есть в качестве какой-то чужой деятельности, божественной или дьявольской, так и деятельность рабочего не есть его самодеятельность. Она принадлежит другому, она есть утрата рабочим самого себя.

В результате получается такое положение, что человек (рабочий) чувствует себя свободно действующим только при выполнении своих животных функций — при еде, питье, в половом акте, в лучшем случае еще расположась у себя в жилище, украшая себя и т. д., — а в своих человеческих функциях он чувствует себя только лишь животным. То, что присуще животному, становится уделом человека, а человеческое превращается в то, что присуще животному.

Правда, еда, питье, половой акт и т. д. тоже суть подлинно человеческие функции. Но в абстракции, отрывающей их от круга прочей человеческой деятельности и превращающей их в последние и единственные конечные цели, они носят животный характер.”
― Karl Marx, Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“But on analysis of this concept it becomes clear that though private property appears to be the source, the cause of alienated labour, it is really the consequence, just as the gods in the beginning are not the cause but the effect of man's intellectual confusion. Later this relationship becomes reciprocal.”
― Karl Marx, Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“You must make everything that is yours saleable, i.e., useful. If I ask the political economist: Do I obey economic laws if I extract money by offering my body for sale, by surrendering it to another's lust? (The factory workers in France call the prostitution of their wives and daughters the nth working hour, which is literally correct.) — Or am I not acting in keeping with political economy if I sell my friend to the Moroccans? (And the direct sale of men in the form of a trade in conscripts, etc., takes place in all civilized countries.) — Then the political economist replies to me: You do not transgress my laws; but see what Cousin Ethics and Cousin Religion have to say about it. My political economic ethics and religion have nothing to reproach you with, but — But whom am I now to believe, political economy or ethics? — The ethics of political economy is acquisition, work, thrift, sobriety — but political economy promises to satisfy my needs. — The political economy of ethics is the opulence of a good conscience, of virtue, etc.; but how can I live virtuously if I do not live? And how can I have a good conscience if I do not know anything? It stems from the very nature of estrangement that each sphere applies to me a different and opposite yardstick — ethics one and political economy another; for each is a specific estrangement of man and focuses attention on a particular field of estranged essential activity, and each stands in an estranged relation to the other.”
― Karl Marx, Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“The proletariat have nothing to lose but their chains.”
― Karl Marx, Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

“We have seen what significance, given socialism, the wealth of human needs acquires, and what significance, therefore, both a new mode of production and a new object of production obtain: a new manifestation of the forces of human nature and a new enrichment of human nature. Under private property their significance is reversed: every person speculates on creating a new need in another, so as to drive him to fresh sacrifice, to place him in a new dependence and to seduce him into a new mode of enjoyment and therefore economic ruin. Each tries to establish over the other an alien power, so as thereby to find satisfaction of his own selfish need. The increase in the quantity of objects is therefore accompanied by an extension of the realm of the alien powers to which man is subjected, and every new product represents a new potentiality of mutual swindling and mutual plundering. Man becomes ever poorer as man, his need for money becomes even greater if he wants to master the hostile power.”
― Karl Marx, Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844