The document discusses algorithms for finding order statistics like the median in a list of numbers. It presents a randomized selection algorithm that finds the ith smallest element in expected linear time O(n) by using a randomized partition like in quicksort. It also describes a deterministic selection algorithm that finds the ith element in worst-case linear time O(n) by partitioning the list around the median of medians. Finding the median can then be used to sort in linear time by recursively finding order statistics.