Journal Description
Biosensors
Biosensors
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on the technology and science of biosensors published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, MEDLINE, PMC, Embase, CAPlus / SciFinder, Inspec, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Chemistry, Analytical) / CiteScore - Q1 (Engineering (miscellaneous))
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 17.1 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
4.9 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
5.2 (2023)
Latest Articles
Enhanced Point-of-Care SARS-CoV-2 Detection: Integrating RT-LAMP with Microscanning
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 348; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070348 - 17 Jul 2024
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for rapid and accurate diagnostic methods for various infectious diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. Traditional RT-PCR methods, while highly sensitive and specific, require complex equipment and skilled personnel. In response, we developed an integrated RT-LAMP-MS assay, which
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The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for rapid and accurate diagnostic methods for various infectious diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. Traditional RT-PCR methods, while highly sensitive and specific, require complex equipment and skilled personnel. In response, we developed an integrated RT-LAMP-MS assay, which combines rapid reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) with microscanning (MS) technology for detecting SARS-CoV-2. The assay uses magnesium pyrophosphate formed during LAMP amplification as a visual marker, allowing direct observation via microscopy without the need for additional chemical indicators or probes. For the SARS-CoV-2/IC RT-LAMP-MS assay, the sample-LAMP reagent mixture was added to a microchip with SARS-CoV-2 primers and internal controls, then incubated at 62 °C for 30 min in a heat block, followed by amplification analysis using a microscanner. In clinical tests, the RT-LAMP-MS assay showed 99% sensitivity and 100% specificity, which is identical to the RT-LAMP results and comparable to the commercial AllplexTM SARS-CoV-2 assay results. Additionally, the limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 10-¹ PFU mL⁻¹ (dynamic range: 103~10−¹ PFU mL⁻¹). The assay delivers results in 30 min, uses low-cost equipment, and demonstrates 100% reproducibility in repeated tests, making it suitable for point-of-care use in resource-limited settings.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advance in Biosensors and Its Applications in Point-of-Care Molecular Diagnostics (POC-MDx))
Open AccessArticle
Development of a “Signal-On” Fluorescent Aptasensor for Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of ZEN in Cereal Products Using Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots Based on the Inner Filter Effect
by
Qi Sun, Yuting Zhou, Miaomiao Ma, Fuyan Zhang, Shuang Li, Zhuoer Chen, Yu Fang, Tao Le and Fuguo Xing
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 347; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070347 - 17 Jul 2024
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a novel fluorescent aptasensor for the quantitative detection of zearalenone (ZEN), addressing the limitations of conventional detection techniques in terms of speed, sensitivity, and ease of use. Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were synthesized via the hydrothermal method, resulting
[...] Read more.
This study aimed to develop a novel fluorescent aptasensor for the quantitative detection of zearalenone (ZEN), addressing the limitations of conventional detection techniques in terms of speed, sensitivity, and ease of use. Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were synthesized via the hydrothermal method, resulting in spherical particles with a diameter of 3.25 nm. These N-CDs demonstrated high water solubility and emitted a bright blue light at 440 nm when excited at 355 nm. The fluorescence of N-CDs was quenched by dispersed gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) through the inner filter effect, while aggregated AuNPs induced by NaCl did not affect the fluorescence of N-CDs. The aptamer could protect AuNPs from NaCl-induced aggregation, but the presence of ZEN weakened this protective effect. Based on this principle, optimal conditions for ZEN detection included 57 mM NaCl, 12.5 nM aptamer concentration, incubation of AuNPs with NaCl for 15 min in Tris-EDTA(TE) buffer, and incubation of aptamer with ZEN and NaCl for 30 min. Under these optimized conditions, the “signal-on” fluorescent aptasensor for ZEN detection showed a linear range of 0.25 to 200 ng/mL with a low detection limit of 0.0875 ng/mL. Furthermore, the developed aptasensor exhibited excellent specificity and could rapidly detect ZEN in corn flour samples or corn oil, achieving satisfactory recovery rates ranging from 84.7% to 108.6%. Therefore, this study presents an economical, convenient, sensitive, and rapid method for accurately quantifying ZEN in cereal products.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Noble Metal Nanoparticle-Based Nanoplatforms for Biosensors)
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Open AccessArticle
Ultrasonic Sensor: A Fast and Non-Destructive System to Measure the Viscosity and Density of Molecular Fluids
by
Romina Muñoz, Juan-Francisco Fuentealba, Sebastián Michea, Paula A. Santana, Juan Ignacio Martinez, Nathalie Casanova-Morales and Vicente Salinas-Barrera
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 346; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070346 - 16 Jul 2024
Abstract
This study presents the design and development of an ultrasonic sensor as a fundamental tool for characterizing the properties of fluids and biofluids. The analysis primarily focuses on measuring the electrical parameters of the system, which correlate with the density and viscosity of
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This study presents the design and development of an ultrasonic sensor as a fundamental tool for characterizing the properties of fluids and biofluids. The analysis primarily focuses on measuring the electrical parameters of the system, which correlate with the density and viscosity of the solutions, in sample volumes of microliters and with high temporal resolution (up to 1 data point per second). The use of this sensor allows the fast and non-destructive evaluation of the viscosity and density of fluids deposited on its free surface. The measurements are based on obtaining the impedance versus frequency curve and the phase difference curve (between current and voltage) versus frequency. In this way, characteristic parameters of the transducer, such as the resonance frequency, phase, minimum impedance, and the quality factor of the resonant system, can characterize variations in density and viscosity in the fluid under study. The results obtained revealed the sensor’s ability to identify two parameters sensitive to viscosity and two parameters sensitive to density. As a proof of concept, the unfolding of the bovine albumin protein was studied, resulting in a curve that reflects its unfolding kinetics in the presence of urea.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biosensor and Bioelectronic Devices)
Open AccessReview
Beta-Barrel Nanopores as Diagnostic Sensors: An Engineering Perspective
by
Rani Wiswedel, Anh Thi Ngoc Bui, Jinhyung Kim and Mi-Kyung Lee
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 345; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070345 - 16 Jul 2024
Abstract
Biological nanopores are ultrasensitive and highly attractive platforms for disease diagnostics, including the sequencing of viral and microbial genes and the detection of biomarkers and pathogens. To utilize biological nanopores as diagnostic sensors, they have been engineered through various methods resulting in the
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Biological nanopores are ultrasensitive and highly attractive platforms for disease diagnostics, including the sequencing of viral and microbial genes and the detection of biomarkers and pathogens. To utilize biological nanopores as diagnostic sensors, they have been engineered through various methods resulting in the accurate and highly sensitive detection of biomarkers and disease-related biomolecules. Among diverse biological nanopores, the β-barrel-containing nanopores have advantages in nanopore engineering because of their robust structure, making them well-suited for modifications. In this review, we highlight the engineering approaches for β-barrel-containing nanopores used in single-molecule sensing for applications in early diagnosis and prognosis. In the highlighted studies, β-barrel nanopores can be modified by genetic mutation to change the structure; alter charge distributions; or add enzymes, aptamers, and protein probes to enhance sensitivity and accuracy. Furthermore, this review discusses challenges and future perspectives for advancing nanopore-based diagnostic sensors.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biosensor and Bioelectronic Devices)
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Open AccessArticle
Aptamer Based on Silver Nanoparticle-Modified Flexible Carbon Ink Printed Electrode for the Electrochemical Detection of Chikungunya Virus
by
Pradakshina Sharma, Mohd. Rahil Hasan, Ubaid Mushtaq Naikoo, Shaheen Khatoon, Roberto Pilloton and Jagriti Narang
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 344; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070344 - 16 Jul 2024
Abstract
Medical devices have progressed from their initial bulky forms to smart devices. However, their rigidity hampers their seamless integration into everyday life. The fields of stretchable, textile, and flexible electronics are emerging research areas with the potential to drive significant technological progress. This
[...] Read more.
Medical devices have progressed from their initial bulky forms to smart devices. However, their rigidity hampers their seamless integration into everyday life. The fields of stretchable, textile, and flexible electronics are emerging research areas with the potential to drive significant technological progress. This research presents a laboratory-based technique to produce highly sensitive and flexible biosensors for detecting the chikungunya virus. These biosensors are based on 0D nanomaterials and demonstrate significant advancements in voltammetry. The electrochemical platform was created utilizing the stencil printing (StPE) technique. Adapting the biosensor setup involved the selection of aptamer as the biorecognition element bound with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This biosensor was employed in the voltammetric identification of the Chikungunya virus antigen (CHIKV-Ag) within a solution containing 0.5 mM potassium ferro/ferri cyanide, a redox pair. The biosensor was employed to evaluate CHIKV-Ag within a human serum sample. It demonstrated a linear detection span ranging from 0.1 ng/mL to 1 μg/mL, with a detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL for CHIKV-Ag. The proposed approach, due to its flexibility in production and the electrocatalytic attributes displayed by the zero-dimensional nanostructure, presents innovative opportunities for cost-effective and tailored aptamer-based bioelectronics, thereby broadening the scope of this domain.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Microfluidic Devices and Lab-on-Chip (Bio)sensors)
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Open AccessArticle
Modeling and Analysis of Environmental Electromagnetic Interference in Multiple-Channel Neural Recording Systems for High Common-Mode Interference Rejection Performance
by
Gang Wang, Changhua You, Chengcong Feng, Wenliang Yao, Zhengtuo Zhao, Ning Xue and Lei Yao
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 343; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070343 - 15 Jul 2024
Abstract
Environmental electromagnetic interference (EMI) has always been a major interference source for multiple-channel neural recording systems, and little theoretical work has been attempted to address it. In this paper, equivalent circuit models are proposed to model both electromagnetic interference sources and neural signals
[...] Read more.
Environmental electromagnetic interference (EMI) has always been a major interference source for multiple-channel neural recording systems, and little theoretical work has been attempted to address it. In this paper, equivalent circuit models are proposed to model both electromagnetic interference sources and neural signals in such systems, and analysis has been performed to generate the design guidelines for neural probes and the subsequent recording circuit towards higher common-mode interference (CMI) rejection performance while maintaining the recorded neural action potential (AP) signal quality. In vivo animal experiments with a configurable 32-channel neural recording system are carried out to validate the proposed models and design guidelines. The results show the power spectral density (PSD) of environmental 50 Hz EMI interference is reduced by three orders from 4.43 × 10−3 V2/Hz to 4.04 × 10−6 V2/Hz without affecting the recorded AP signal quality in an unshielded experiment environment.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biosensor and Bioelectronic Devices)
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Open AccessArticle
Magnetic Immunoassay Based on Au Pt Bimetallic Nanoparticles/Carbon Nanotube Hybrids for Sensitive Detection of Tetracycline Antibiotics
by
Jianxia Lv, Rui Huang, Kun Zeng and Zhen Zhang
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 342; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070342 - 15 Jul 2024
Abstract
Misusage of tetracycline (TC) antibiotics residue in animal food has posed a significant threat to human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop highly sensitive and robust assays for detecting TC. In the current study, gold and platinum nanoparticles were deposited
[...] Read more.
Misusage of tetracycline (TC) antibiotics residue in animal food has posed a significant threat to human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop highly sensitive and robust assays for detecting TC. In the current study, gold and platinum nanoparticles were deposited on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) through the superposition method (Au@Pt/CNTs-s) and one-pot method (Au@Pt/CNTs-o). Au@Pt/CNTs-s displayed higher enzyme-like activity than Au@Pt/CNTs-o, which were utilized for the development of sensitive magnetic immunoassays. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) of magnetic immunoassays assisted by Au@Pt/CNTs-s and Au@Pt/CNTs-o against TCs could reach 0.74 ng/mL and 1.74 ng/m, respectively, which were improved 6-fold and 2.5-fold in comparison with conventional magnetic immunoassay. In addition, the measurement of TC-family antibiotics was implemented by this assay, and ascribed to the antibody used that could recognize TC, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline with high cross-reactivity. Furthermore, the method showed good accuracy (recoveries, 92.1–114.5% for milk; 88.6–92.4% for pork samples), which also were applied for determination of the targets in real samples. This study provides novel insights into the rapid detection of targets based on high-performance nanocatalysts.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano-Biosensors for Detection and Monitoring (Volume II))
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Open AccessArticle
Evaluation of Transducer Elements Based on Different Material Configurations for Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Biosensors
by
Ivan Lopez Carrasco, Gianaurelio Cuniberti, Jörg Opitz and Natalia Beshchasna
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 341; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070341 - 13 Jul 2024
Abstract
The selection of an appropriate transducer is a key element in biosensor development. Currently, a wide variety of substrates and working electrode materials utilizing different fabrication techniques are used in the field of biosensors. In the frame of this study, the following three
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The selection of an appropriate transducer is a key element in biosensor development. Currently, a wide variety of substrates and working electrode materials utilizing different fabrication techniques are used in the field of biosensors. In the frame of this study, the following three specific material configurations with gold-finish layers were investigated regarding their efficacy to be used as electrochemical (EC) biosensors: (I) a silicone-based sensor substrate with a layer configuration of 50 nm SiO/50 nm SiN/100 nm Au/30–50 nm WTi/140 nm SiO/bulk Si); (II) polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) with a gold inkjet-printed layer; and (III) polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with a screen-printed gold layer. Electrodes were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) to evaluate their performance as electrochemical transducers in an aptamer-based biosensor for the detection of cardiac troponin I using the redox molecule hexacyanoferrade/hexacyaniferrade (K3[Fe (CN)6]/K4[Fe (CN)6]. Baseline signals were obtained from clean electrodes after a specific cleaning procedure and after functionalization with the thiolate cardiac troponin I aptamers “Tro4” and “Tro6”. With the goal of improving the PEN-based and PET-based performance, sintered PEN-based samples and PET-based samples with a carbon or silver layer under the gold were studied. The effect of a high number of immobilized aptamers will be tested in further work using the PEN-based sample. In this study, the charge-transfer resistance (Rct), anodic peak height (Ipa), cathodic peak height (Ipc) and peak separation (∆E) were determined. The PEN-based electrodes demonstrated better biosensor properties such as lower initial Rct values, a greater change in Rct after the immobilization of the Tro4 aptamer on its surface, higher Ipc and Ipa values and lower ∆E, which correlated with a higher number of immobilized aptamers compared with the other two types of samples functionalized using the same procedure.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology: From Fabrication Methods and Improvement Strategies to Applications in Biosensing and Biomedicine)
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Open AccessReview
Advances of Fluorescent Nanodiamond Platforms for Intracellular and On-Chip Biosensing
by
Taisuke Shimada, Yasuyuki Ueda, Yoshinobu Baba and Hiroshi Yukawa
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 340; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070340 - 12 Jul 2024
Abstract
Intracellular and extracellular sensing of physical and chemical variables is important for disease diagnosis and the understanding of cellular biology. Optical sensing utilizing fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) is promising for probing intracellular and extracellular variables owing to their biocompatibility, photostability, and sensitivity to physicochemical
[...] Read more.
Intracellular and extracellular sensing of physical and chemical variables is important for disease diagnosis and the understanding of cellular biology. Optical sensing utilizing fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) is promising for probing intracellular and extracellular variables owing to their biocompatibility, photostability, and sensitivity to physicochemical quantities. Based on the potential of FNDs, we outlined the optical properties, biocompatibility, surface chemistry of FNDs and their applications in intracellular biosensing. This review also introduces biosensing platforms that combine FNDs and lab-on-a-chip approaches to control the extracellular environment and improve sample/reagent handling and sensing performance.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Biosensor Technology for the Future of Medical Diagnostics and Therapy)
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Open AccessReview
Metal Nanoparticle-Based Biosensors for the Early Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases Caused by ESKAPE Pathogens in the Fight against the Antimicrobial-Resistance Crisis
by
Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Santana, Viridiana Rosas-Espinosa, Evelin Martinez, Esther Casiano-García and Victor Rafael Coria-Jiménez
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 339; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070339 - 11 Jul 2024
Abstract
The species included in the ESKAPE group (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the genus Enterobacter) have a high capacity to develop antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a health problem that is already among
[...] Read more.
The species included in the ESKAPE group (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the genus Enterobacter) have a high capacity to develop antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a health problem that is already among the leading causes of death and could kill 10 million people a year by 2050. The generation of new potentially therapeutic molecules has been insufficient to combat the AMR “crisis”, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that it will seek to promote the development of rapid diagnostic strategies. The physicochemical properties of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) have made it possible to design biosensors capable of identifying low concentrations of ESKAPE bacteria in the short term; other systems identify antimicrobial susceptibility, and some have been designed with dual activity in situ (bacterial detection and antimicrobial activity), which suggests that, in the near future, multifunctional biosensors could exist based on MNPs capable of quickly identifying bacterial pathogens in clinical niches might become commercially available. This review focuses on the use of MNP-based systems for the rapid and accurate identification of clinically important bacterial pathogens, exhibiting the necessity for exhaustive research to achieve these objectives. This review focuses on the use of metal nanoparticle-based systems for the rapid and accurate identification of clinically important bacterial pathogens.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticle-Based Biosensors and Their Applications)
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Open AccessArticle
Exploring the Application of Terahertz Metamaterials Based on Metallic Strip Structures in Detection of Reverse Micelles
by
Ziqin Fu, Jin Chen, Xiangxue Chen, Yu Sun, Fengchao Wang and Jing Yang
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 338; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070338 - 11 Jul 2024
Abstract
Terahertz spectroscopy has unique advantages in the study of biological molecules in aqueous solutions. However, water has a strong absorption capability in the terahertz region. Reducing the amount of liquid could decrease interference with the terahertz wave, which may, however, affect the measurement
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Terahertz spectroscopy has unique advantages in the study of biological molecules in aqueous solutions. However, water has a strong absorption capability in the terahertz region. Reducing the amount of liquid could decrease interference with the terahertz wave, which may, however, affect the measurement accuracy. Therefore, it is particularly important to balance the amount and water content of liquid samples. In this work, a terahertz metamaterial sensor based on metallic strips is designed, fabricated, and used to detect reverse micelles. An aqueous confinement environment in reverse micelles can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the terahertz response. Due to “water pool” trapped in reverse micelles, the DOPC (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) solution and DOPC emulsion can successfully be identified in intensity by terahertz spectroscopy. Combined with the metamaterial sensor, an obvious frequency shift of 30 GHz can be achieved to distinguish the DOPC emulsion (5%) from the DOPC solution. This approach may provide a potential way for improving the sensitivity of detecting trace elements in a buffer solution, thus offering a valuable toolkit toward bioanalytical applications.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biosensor Materials)
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Open AccessArticle
Research on the Human Motion Recognition Method Based on Wearable
by
Zhao Wang, Xing Jin, Yixuan Huang and Yawen Wang
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 337; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070337 - 10 Jul 2024
Abstract
The accurate analysis of human dynamic behavior is very important for overcoming the limitations of movement diversity and behavioral adaptability. In this paper, a wearable device-based human dynamic behavior recognition method is proposed. The method collects acceleration and angular velocity data through a
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The accurate analysis of human dynamic behavior is very important for overcoming the limitations of movement diversity and behavioral adaptability. In this paper, a wearable device-based human dynamic behavior recognition method is proposed. The method collects acceleration and angular velocity data through a six-axis sensor to identify information containing specific behavior characteristics in a time series. A human movement data acquisition platform, the DMP attitude solution algorithm, and the threshold algorithm are used for processing. In this experiment, ten volunteers wore wearable sensors on their bilateral forearms, upper arms, thighs, calves, and waist, and movement data for standing, walking, and jumping were collected in school corridors and laboratory environments to verify the effectiveness of this wearable human movement recognition method. The results show that the recognition accuracy for standing, walking, and jumping reaches 98.33%, 96.67%, and 94.60%, respectively, and the average recognition rate is 96.53%. Compared with similar methods, this method not only improves the recognition accuracy but also simplifies the recognition algorithm and effectively saves computing resources. This research is expected to provide a new perspective for the recognition of human dynamic behavior and promote the wider application of wearable technology in the field of daily living assistance and health management.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Wearable Biosensors)
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Open AccessReview
Advances of 3D Cell Co-Culture Technology Based on Microfluidic Chips
by
Can Li, Wei He, Yihua Song, Xia Zhang, Jianfei Sun and Zuojian Zhou
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 336; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070336 - 10 Jul 2024
Abstract
Cell co-culture technology aims to study the communication mechanism between cells and to better reveal the interactions and regulatory mechanisms involved in processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and other cellular activities. This is achieved by simulating the complex organismic environment. Such
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Cell co-culture technology aims to study the communication mechanism between cells and to better reveal the interactions and regulatory mechanisms involved in processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and other cellular activities. This is achieved by simulating the complex organismic environment. Such studies are of great significance for understanding the physiological and pathological processes of multicellular organisms. As an emerging cell cultivation technology, 3D cell co-culture technology, based on microfluidic chips, can efficiently, rapidly, and accurately achieve cell co-culture. This is accomplished by leveraging the unique microchannel structures and flow characteristics of microfluidic chips. The technology can simulate the native microenvironment of cell growth, providing a new technical platform for studying intercellular communication. It has been widely used in the research of oncology, immunology, neuroscience, and other fields. In this review, we summarize and provide insights into the design of cell co-culture systems on microfluidic chips, the detection methods employed in co-culture systems, and the applications of these models.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microfluidics for Biomedical Applications (Volume II))
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Open AccessReview
Non-Invasive Brain Sensing Technologies for Modulation of Neurological Disorders
by
Salman Alfihed, Majed Majrashi, Muhammad Ansary, Naif Alshamrani, Shahad H. Albrahim, Abdulrahman Alsolami, Hala A. Alamari, Adnan Zaman, Dhaifallah Almutairi, Abdulaziz Kurdi, Mai M. Alzaydi, Thamer Tabbakh and Faisal Al-Otaibi
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070335 - 9 Jul 2024
Abstract
The non-invasive brain sensing modulation technology field is experiencing rapid development, with new techniques constantly emerging. This study delves into the field of non-invasive brain neuromodulation, a safer and potentially effective approach for treating a spectrum of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Unlike traditional
[...] Read more.
The non-invasive brain sensing modulation technology field is experiencing rapid development, with new techniques constantly emerging. This study delves into the field of non-invasive brain neuromodulation, a safer and potentially effective approach for treating a spectrum of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Unlike traditional deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery, non-invasive techniques employ ultrasound, electrical currents, and electromagnetic field stimulation to stimulate the brain from outside the skull, thereby eliminating surgery risks and enhancing patient comfort. This study explores the mechanisms of various modalities, including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), highlighting their potential to address chronic pain, anxiety, Parkinson’s disease, and depression. We also probe into the concept of closed-loop neuromodulation, which personalizes stimulation based on real-time brain activity. While we acknowledge the limitations of current technologies, our study concludes by proposing future research avenues to advance this rapidly evolving field with its immense potential to revolutionize neurological and psychiatric care and lay the foundation for the continuing advancement of innovative non-invasive brain sensing technologies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implantable, Wireless Biosensors and Biodevices for Neuroscience Research)
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Open AccessArticle
Integrated Droplet-Based Digital Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Microfluidic Chip with Droplet Generation, Incubation, and Continuous Fluorescence Detection
by
Yen-Heng Lin, Yuan-Ting Hung, Wei Chang and Chiuan-Chian Chiou
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 334; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070334 - 8 Jul 2024
Abstract
This study integrated sample partition, incubation, and continuous fluorescence detection on a single microfluidic chip for droplet-based digital Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) of nucleic acids. This integration eliminated the need to transfer reactions between different platforms, avoiding sample contamination and loss. Prior to
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This study integrated sample partition, incubation, and continuous fluorescence detection on a single microfluidic chip for droplet-based digital Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) of nucleic acids. This integration eliminated the need to transfer reactions between different platforms, avoiding sample contamination and loss. Prior to the reaction, filling the channels with an oil phase and adding a glass cover slip on top of the chip overcame the problem of bubble generation in the channels during the LAMP reaction due to heating. Additionally, using two fluorescence intensity thresholds enabled simultaneous detection and counting of positive and negative droplets within a single fluorescence detection channel. The chip can partition approximately 6000 droplets from a 5 µL sample within 10 min, with a droplet diameter of around 110 µm and a coefficient of variation (CV) value of 0.82%. Staphylococcus aureus was quantified via the proposed platform. The results demonstrated a highly accurate correlation coefficient (R = 0.9998), and the detection limit reached a concentration of 1.7 × 102 copies/µL. The entire process of the droplet digital LAMP reaction, from droplet generation to incubation to quantitative results, took a maximum of 70 min.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors Based on Microfluidic Devices-2nd Edition)
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Open AccessReview
Luminescence Probes in Bio-Applications: From Principle to Practice
by
Tao Yan, Fan Weng, Yang Ming, Shijie Zhu, Miao Zhu, Chunsheng Wang, Changfa Guo and Kai Zhu
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 333; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070333 - 8 Jul 2024
Abstract
Bioanalysis based on optical imaging has gained significant progress in the last few decades. Luminescence probes are capable of detecting, monitoring, and tracing particular biomolecules in complex biological systems to figure out the roles of these molecules in organisms. Considering the rapid development
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Bioanalysis based on optical imaging has gained significant progress in the last few decades. Luminescence probes are capable of detecting, monitoring, and tracing particular biomolecules in complex biological systems to figure out the roles of these molecules in organisms. Considering the rapid development of luminescence probes for bio-applications and their promising future, we have attempted to explore the working principles and recent advances in bio-applications of luminescence probes, in the hope of helping readers gain a detailed understanding of luminescence probes developed in recent years. In this review, we first focus on the current widely used luminescence probes, including fluorescence probes, bioluminescence probes, chemiluminescence probes, afterglow probes, photoacoustic probes, and Cerenkov luminescence probes. The working principles for each type of luminescence probe are concisely described and the bio-application of the luminescence probes is summarized by category, including metal ions detection, secretion detection, imaging, and therapy.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biochips and Biosensors for Health-Care and Diagnostics)
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Open AccessCommunication
Weak Value Amplification Based Optical Sensor for High Throughput Real-Time Immunoassay of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
by
Xiaonan Zhang, Lizhong Zhang, Han Li, Yang Xu, Lingqin Meng, Gengyu Liang, Bei Wang, Le Liu, Tian Guan, Cuixia Guo and Yonghong He
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 332; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070332 - 8 Jul 2024
Abstract
The demand for accurate and efficient immunoassays calls for the development of precise, high-throughput analysis methods. This paper introduces a novel approach utilizing a weak measurement interface sensor for immunoassays, offering a solution for high throughput analysis. Weak measurement is a precise quantum
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The demand for accurate and efficient immunoassays calls for the development of precise, high-throughput analysis methods. This paper introduces a novel approach utilizing a weak measurement interface sensor for immunoassays, offering a solution for high throughput analysis. Weak measurement is a precise quantum measurement method that amplifies the weak value of a system in the weak interaction through appropriate pre- and post-selection states. To facilitate the simultaneous analysis of multiple samples, we have developed a chip with six flow channels capable of conducting six immunoassays concurrently. We can perform real-time immunoassay to determine the binding characteristics of spike protein and antibody through real-time analysis of the flow channel images and calculating the relative intensity. The proposed method boasts a simple structure, eliminating the need for intricate nano processes. The spike protein concentration and relative intensity curve were fitted using the Log-Log fitting regression equation, and R2 was 0.91. Utilizing a pre-transformation approach to account for slight variations in detection sensitivity across different flow channels, the present method achieves an impressive limit of detection(LOD) of 0.85 ng/mL for the SARS-CoV-2 the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein, with a system standard deviation of 5.61. Furthermore, this method has been successfully verified for monitoring molecular-specific binding processes and differentiating binding capacities.
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(This article belongs to the Section Optical and Photonic Biosensors)
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Open AccessArticle
A 3D-Printed Do-It-Yourself ELISA Plate Reader as a Biosensor Tested on TNFα Assay
by
Miroslav Pohanka, Ondřej Keresteš and Jitka Žáková
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 331; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070331 - 6 Jul 2024
Abstract
Simple analytical devices suitable for the analysis of various biochemical and immunechemical markers are highly desirable and can provide laboratory diagnoses outside standard hospitals. This study focuses on constructing an easily reproducible do-it-yourself ELISA plate reader biosensor device, assembled from generally available and
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Simple analytical devices suitable for the analysis of various biochemical and immunechemical markers are highly desirable and can provide laboratory diagnoses outside standard hospitals. This study focuses on constructing an easily reproducible do-it-yourself ELISA plate reader biosensor device, assembled from generally available and inexpensive parts. The colorimetric biosensor was based on standard 96-well microplates, 3D-printed parts, and a smartphone camera as a detector was utilized here as a tool to replace the ELISA method, and its function was illustrated in the assay of TNFα as a model immunochemical marker. The assay provided a limit of detection of 19 pg/mL when the B channel of the RGB color model was used for calibration. The assay was well correlated with the ELISA method, and no significant matrix effect was observed for standard biological samples or interference of proteins expected in a sample. The results of this study will inform the development of simple analytical devices easily reproducible by 3D printing and found on generally available electronics.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper in Biosensor and Bioelectronic Devices 2024)
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Open AccessReview
Recent Progress in Organic Electrochemical Transistor-Structured Biosensors
by
Zhuotao Hu, Yingchao Hu, Lu Huang, Wei Zhong, Jianfeng Zhang, Dengyun Lei, Yayi Chen, Yao Ni and Yuan Liu
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 330; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070330 - 4 Jul 2024
Abstract
The continued advancement of organic electronic technology will establish organic electrochemical transistors as pivotal instruments in the field of biological detection. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art technology and advancements in the use of organic electrochemical transistors as biosensors. This
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The continued advancement of organic electronic technology will establish organic electrochemical transistors as pivotal instruments in the field of biological detection. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art technology and advancements in the use of organic electrochemical transistors as biosensors. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the diverse modification materials, methods, and mechanisms utilized in organic electrochemical transistor-structured biosensors (OETBs) for the selective detection of a wide range of target analyte encompassing electroactive species, electro-inactive species, and cancer cells. Recent advances in OETBs for use in sensing systems and wearable and implantable applications are also briefly introduced. Finally, challenges and opportunities in the field are discussed.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in FET-Based Biosensors and Neuromorphic Devices: Exploring Artificial Perception and Biomimetic Sensing)
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Open AccessCommunication
Thiram Determination in Milk Samples by Surface Plasmon Resonance Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Sulphur-Doped Titanium Dioxide
by
Sezen Harmankaya, Hacı Ahmet Deveci, Ahmet Harmankaya, Fatma Hazan Gül, Necip Atar and Mehmet Lütfi Yola
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 329; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070329 - 3 Jul 2024
Abstract
In this work, a new surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on sulphur-doped titanium dioxide (S-TiO2) nanostructures and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was presented for thiram (THI) determination in milk samples. Firstly, the S-TiO2 nanomaterial with a high product yield
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In this work, a new surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on sulphur-doped titanium dioxide (S-TiO2) nanostructures and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was presented for thiram (THI) determination in milk samples. Firstly, the S-TiO2 nanomaterial with a high product yield was prepared by using a facile sol-gel hydrolysis technique with a high product yield. After that, UV polymerization was carried out for the preparation of the THI-imprinted SPR chip based on S-TiO2 using a mixture including ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linker, N,N′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator, and methacryloylamidoglutamicacid (MAGA) as the monomer. The reliability of the sensor preparation procedure has been successfully proven by characterization studies of the prepared nanomaterials and SPR chip surfaces through spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrochemical methods. As a result, the prepared SPR sensor showed linearity in the range of 1.0 × 10−9–1.0 × 10−7 M with a detection limit (LOD) of 3.3 × 10−10 M in the real samples, and a sensor technique for THI determination with high sensitivity, repeatability, and selectivity can be included in the literature.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasmonic Biosensing Technology)
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