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Aerobiology, Volume 3, Issue 1 (March 2025) – 2 articles

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14 pages, 3209 KiB  
Article
The Effect of a Magnetic Field on the Enzymatic Activities of Common Airborne Aspergillus Strains Isolated from Indoor Environments
by Matilde Anaya-Villalpanda, Erasmo Gámez-Espinosa and Sofía Borrego-Alonso
Aerobiology 2025, 3(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerobiology3010002 - 26 Feb 2025
Viewed by 167
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an extremely low-frequency oscillating magnetic field on the enzymatic activities of common airborne Aspergillus sp. strains that were isolated from indoor environments. A D-optimal experimental design with three factors was applied: magnetic [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an extremely low-frequency oscillating magnetic field on the enzymatic activities of common airborne Aspergillus sp. strains that were isolated from indoor environments. A D-optimal experimental design with three factors was applied: magnetic field density (0.5 to 2 mT), exposure time (0.5 to 2 h), and Aspergillus sp. strains (A. ellipticus, A. japonicus, A. flavus, and A. fumigatus). The response variables were exoenzymatic indexes (cellulolytic, amylolytic, proteolytic, lipolytic, and hemolytic) and pH, as a measure of organic acid production. A. ellipticus was the highest producer of organic acids, and A. japonicus was as pathogenic as A. fumigatus. Different magnetobiological effects were observed: on enzyme secretion in the remaining strains, we detected no appreciable effect (Ilip and Iprot of A. flavus), inhibition (Ilip of A. ellipticus; Icel and Iamil of A. japonicus; Iamil and Iprot of A. fumigatus), and stimulation. Predictive quadratic models were obtained, and 2 mT for 2 h was the magnetic treatment regime that influenced the fungal enzymatic activity. These physiological changes following magnetobiological effects could be influenced during fungal sporulation and must thus be considered in aeromicrobiology studies. They can also be beneficial for obtaining industrial-use enzymes, but detrimental to the biodeterioration of different materials and human health. Full article
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22 pages, 2963 KiB  
Review
Techniques for Evaluating Airborne Biocrust Diaspores: From Fundamentals to Advanced Approaches
by Mateus Fernandes Oliveira and Adaíses Simone Maciel-Silva
Aerobiology 2025, 3(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerobiology3010001 - 15 Jan 2025
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Abstract
Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are communities which thrive primarily in the upper soil layers of arid and semi-arid environments. Biocrusts produce soil-binding compounds, tolerate extreme conditions, and disperse through both sexual and asexual diaspores via wind, water, or animals. Despite their significance, dispersal [...] Read more.
Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are communities which thrive primarily in the upper soil layers of arid and semi-arid environments. Biocrusts produce soil-binding compounds, tolerate extreme conditions, and disperse through both sexual and asexual diaspores via wind, water, or animals. Despite their significance, dispersal mechanisms involving airborne diaspores in biocrusts remain largely unexplored and poorly understood. This review provides an overview of techniques, from basic to advanced, to help researchers investigate these often-overlooked aspects of biocrust ecology. We discuss both passive and active methods for sampling airborne organisms, highlighting their potential in studies of biocrust organisms. We present traditional techniques, such as microscope glass slides coated with adhesive substances, as well as more advanced equipment like Rotorods. For organism identification, we explore traditional morphological methods, but also introduce more modern approaches, such as metabarcoding, which allow for the simultaneous study of multiple organism groups. This review underscores the potential of these methods to enhance our understanding of the aerobiology of biocrusts. By shedding light on these dispersal dynamics, this review aims to support future research and foster advancements in biogeography, ecosystem restoration, and conservation strategies. Full article
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