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The Detection, Prevention and Treatment of Calf Diseases
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The Detection, Prevention and Treatment of Calf Diseases

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Cattle".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 3146

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sophie Anne Mahendran

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
Interests: calf health; dairy cattle; infectious disease; detection; prevention
Dr. Steven Van Winden

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Farm Animal Health and Production, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
Interests: cattle; dairy disease; pathophysiology; epidemiology; population; prevention
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The success of all types of cattle businesses requires the survival and production of healthy calves, whether as replacement dairy or suckler cattle or as stores and finishers for beef production. Therefore, this Special Issue strives to cover the latest research in calf health.

Our knowledge and understanding of the physiology of calves continues to develop, allowing the exploration of optimal management techniques that also improve calf welfare. In particular, the detection and treatment of disease is imperative in this vulnerable age category, both striving to reduce disease occurrence whilst increasing disease detection sensitivity to allow the application of timely interventions to maximize success rates. We look forward to reading the latest research you have conducted in this important area.

Dr. Sophie Anne Mahendran
Dr. Steven Van Winden
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • calf health
  • cattle
  • pathophysiology
  • epidemiology
  • infectious diseases
  • population
  • detection
  • prevention
  • treatment

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 2038 KiB  
Article
Development and Progression of Bovine Respiratory Disease Measured Using Clinical Respiratory Scoring and Thoracic Ultrasonography in Preweaned Calves on Dairy Farms in the United Kingdom: A Prospective Cohort Study
by George Lindley, Nicola Blackie, D. Claire Wathes and Richard E. Booth
Animals 2025, 15(3), 360; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15030360 - 27 Jan 2025
Abstract
The respiratory health of preweaned calves is an important determinant of their health, welfare, and future performance. This prospective cohort study measured bovine respiratory disease (BRD) on 16 dairy farms, including 476 calves in South-west England. Wisconsin and California respiratory scoring and thoracic [...] Read more.
The respiratory health of preweaned calves is an important determinant of their health, welfare, and future performance. This prospective cohort study measured bovine respiratory disease (BRD) on 16 dairy farms, including 476 calves in South-west England. Wisconsin and California respiratory scoring and thoracic ultrasonography were performed repeatedly at 7 ± 0.89 day intervals (mean ± SD) at 0–56 days of age (n = 3344 examinations). Cases were localized to the upper or lower respiratory tract, or both, and classified as new, repeat, or chronic. Prevalence and incidence were calculated. Multivariate modeling of factors associated with repeated measurements was performed. Increasing age (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.04–1.06) and fecal score (Score 2, OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.14–2.77) were associated with a lower odds of a healthy BRD subtype, whereas increasing serum total protein (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.96–0.99) was protective. Older (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.06–1.09), male (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.01–2.84) calves with elevated Wisconsin respiratory scores (≥5, OR 5.61, 95% CI 3.38–9.30) were more likely to have elevated thoracic ultrasound scores. BRD remains common in calves born in UK dairy herds, requiring precise identification and management if preweaning health is to be optimized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Detection, Prevention and Treatment of Calf Diseases)
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13 pages, 1066 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Long-Term Antibody Titers in Calves Treated with Different Conjunctival and Subcutaneous Brucella abortus S19 Vaccines
by Ali Uslu, Zafer Sayın, Aslı Balevi, Yasin Gulcu, Fırat Ergen, Islam Akıner, Oguzhan Denizli and Osman Erganis
Animals 2025, 15(2), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15020212 - 14 Jan 2025
Viewed by 433
Abstract
Brucellosis is still the most common zoonosis worldwide despite advanced technology and animal husbandry. Since there is still no effective Brucella vaccine for humans, it is crucial to control the disease in ruminants through eradication and vaccination. Although some countries around the world [...] Read more.
Brucellosis is still the most common zoonosis worldwide despite advanced technology and animal husbandry. Since there is still no effective Brucella vaccine for humans, it is crucial to control the disease in ruminants through eradication and vaccination. Although some countries around the world have achieved this circumstance, every country aims to become free of Brucellosis through vaccination, animal movements, and various eradication measures. For this purpose, the Brucella abortus S19 strain has been used safely for about 100 years. However, due to the O-polysaccharide (OPS) antigen in its structure, the antibody response created by the vaccine causes confusion in serological tests. For this purpose, researchers have provided both mucosal immunity and short-term antibody response by using the B. abortus S19 vaccine in conjunctival form instead of subcutaneous form. This study aimed to determine how long the post-vaccination titer levels persisted in animals vaccinated with vaccines from 3 different companies and different routes. In this study, a total of 115 calves aged 3 to 4.5 months were created in five groups, with 23 animals in each group: group 1 (vaccine brand A), group 2 (vaccine brand B), and group 3 (vaccine brand C) received the two-dose conjunctival vaccine, group 4 received the single-dose subcutaneous vaccine (vaccine brand C), and group 5 received the subcutaneous vaccine (vaccine brand C) plus the booster dose conjunctival vaccine (vaccine brand B). Brucellosis antibody titers were monitored each 21 days until the cattle were 26–28 months old. The collected sera were analyzed using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), Serum Agglutination Test (SAT), and Complement Fixation Test (CFT), which are the preferred serological methods for Brucellosis eradication plans worldwide. In the conjunctival vaccination groups, only 3 (13%) of the animals in group 1 developed antibody titers one month after vaccination, and there was no antibody response detected against Brucellosis in group 2 and group 3. In animals that were stimulated conjunctivally, the threshold value of 30 International CFT Units (ICFTUs) (for distinguishing between infective titers and vaccination titers) was observed in one animal each in group 1 and group 2 and 0 animal in group 3. It was found that antibody titers turn to Brucellosis negative in all conjunctival vaccine groups at 7 months after vaccination. In groups 4 and 5, the first-month serological screening detected over 30 ICFTUs in 17 (89.47%) animals and 16 (69.5%) animals, respectively. In group 4, CFT titers were found to fall below 30 on the 17th month and 9.3 on the 22nd month. On the 14th month, the CFT titers of group 5 were found to be below 30, and all animals in this group turned negative after the 19th month. It was found that the single dose B. abortus S19 subcutaneous vaccination in calves caused persistent antibodies in 5% of the population. It is believed that persistent and high antibody titers created by subcutaneous vaccines will cause false positivity and create confusion in Brucellosis eradication programs. Therefore, although there is no clear distinction between vaccinated and infected animals, it has been observed that conjunctival Brucellosis vaccines create more stable antibody titers and decrease rapidly compared to subcutaneous vaccines. Based on the results of this study and the advantages of conjunctival vaccines, more effective eradication programs and antibody monitoring can be carried out in vaccinated herds where Brucellosis outbreaks are observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Detection, Prevention and Treatment of Calf Diseases)
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12 pages, 499 KiB  
Article
An Innovative Approach: The Usage of N-Acetylcysteine in the Therapy of Pneumonia in Neonatal Calves
by Milan Ninković, Jadranka Žutić, Aleksandra Tasić, Sveta Arsić, Jovan Bojkovski and Nemanja Zdravković
Animals 2024, 14(19), 2852; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14192852 - 3 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1272
Abstract
NAC has mucolytic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects in living organisms. However, the therapeutic effects of NAC on clinical recovery among neonatal calves with respiratory diseases have not yet been studied. Our study represents the first investigation of the effects of NAC in neonatal [...] Read more.
NAC has mucolytic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects in living organisms. However, the therapeutic effects of NAC on clinical recovery among neonatal calves with respiratory diseases have not yet been studied. Our study represents the first investigation of the effects of NAC in neonatal calves with pneumonia. The objective of this work was to observe the effects of NAC in the treatment of neonatal pneumonia, including its ability to reduce the clinical score, shorten the duration of the treatment, and improve the overall health condition of neonatal calves. For this study, calves were divided into two groups: a treatment group that received NAC and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, and a control group that received amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (antimicrobial only). The findings of this study indicate that NAC treatment significantly shortened the time to resolution (p < 0.001), compared to the results in the group without NAC treatment. Generally, NAC-supplemented therapy reduced the recovery time by more than 27 h (or slightly more than one day), compared to that in the antimicrobial-only group. Our study presents the first reported usage of NAC in therapy for respiratory disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Detection, Prevention and Treatment of Calf Diseases)
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