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New Trends and Advances in Cardiac Imaging

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 3050

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: cardiovascular and thoracic radiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, we have witnessed rapid improvements in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology that have enabled the comprehensive morphologic and functional assessment of cardiovascular structures. Multimodality imaging is playing an increasingly important role in the management of patients with cardiovascular disease, improving their diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. In patients with suspected coronary artery disease, CT allows the detection and assessment of the severity of stenoses and atherosclerotic plaques, including the detection of high-risk plaque features, with an increasing role for functional assessment using CT stress perfusion imaging and/or CT fractional flow reserves. Cardiovascular MRI encompasses a variety of imaging modalities that provide the accurate and reproducible measurement of ventricular volume, function, and myocardial mass; the quantification of valvular disease and shunts; the excellent characterization of myocardial tissue and ischemia; and the visualization of vascular abnormalities.The goal of this Special Issue is to depict new technological advances in cardiovascular CT and MRI, the state-of-the-art performance of these techniques, as well as their application for the multimodality imaging assessment of patients with different cardiovascular diseases including coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathies, inflammatory and pericardial diseases, cardiac arrhythmias and masses, and congenital heart disease. In addition to being noninvasive and accurate diagnostic modalities, these techniques are also important for the selection of optimal treatment strategies and risk stratification. In this Special Issue, we would also like to show the increasing role of artificial intelligence, hybrid imaging techniques, and multidisciplinary approaches leading to improved and personalized patient management.

Dr. Maja Hrabak-Paar
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • cardiovascular computed tomography
  • cardiovascular magnetic resonance
  • coronary artery disease
  • cardiomyopathies
  • pericardial diseases
  • congenital heart disease
  • myocarditis
  • cardiac arrhythmias
  • cardiac masses

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 6137 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Severe Coronary Calcification on Diagnostic Performance of Computed Tomography-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve Analyses in People with Coronary Artery Disease
by Iva Žuža, Tin Nadarević, Tomislav Jakljević, Nina Bartolović and Slavica Kovačić
Diagnostics 2024, 14(16), 1738; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161738 - 10 Aug 2024
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Abstract
Background: Negative CCTA can effectively exclude significant CAD, eliminating the need for further noninvasive or invasive testing. However, in the presence of severe CAD, the accuracy declines, thus necessitating additional testing. The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of [...] Read more.
Background: Negative CCTA can effectively exclude significant CAD, eliminating the need for further noninvasive or invasive testing. However, in the presence of severe CAD, the accuracy declines, thus necessitating additional testing. The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of noninvasive cFFR derived from CCTA, compared to ICA in detecting hemodynamically significant stenoses in participants with high CAC scores (>400). Methods: This study included 37 participants suspected of having CAD who underwent CCTA and ICA. CAC was calculated and cFFR analyses were performed using an on-site machine learning-based algorithm. Diagnostic accuracy parameters of CCTA and cFFR were calculated on a per-vessel level. Results: The median total CAC score was 870, with an IQR of 642–1370. Regarding CCTA, sensitivity and specificity for RCA were 60% and 67% with an AUC of 0.639; a LAD of 87% and 50% with an AUC of 0.688; an LCX of 33% and 90% with an AUC of 0.617, respectively. Regarding cFFR, sensitivity and specificity for RCA were 60% and 61% with an AUC of 0.606; a LAD of 75% and 54% with an AUC of 0.647; an LCX of 50% and 77% with an AUC of 0.647. No significant differences between AUCs of coronary CTA and cFFR for each vessel were found. Conclusions: Our results showed poor diagnostic accuracy of CCTA and cFFR in determining significant ischemia-related lesions in participants with high CAC scores when compared to ICA. Based on our results and study limitations we cannot exclude cFFR as a method for determining significant stenoses in people with high CAC. A key issue is accurate and detailed lumen segmentation based on good-quality CCTA images. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends and Advances in Cardiac Imaging)
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Review

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25 pages, 1295 KiB  
Review
Computed Tomography Angiography Identified High-Risk Coronary Plaques: From Diagnosis to Prognosis and Future Management
by Kyriakos Dimitriadis, Nikolaos Pyrpyris, Panagiotis Theofilis, Emmanouil Mantzouranis, Eirini Beneki, Panagiotis Kostakis, George Koutsopoulos, Konstantinos Aznaouridis, Konstantina Aggeli and Konstantinos Tsioufis
Diagnostics 2024, 14(15), 1671; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14151671 - 1 Aug 2024
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Abstract
CT angiography has become, in recent years, a main evaluating modality for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent advancements in the field have allowed us to identity not only the presence of obstructive disease but also the characteristics of identified lesions. High-risk [...] Read more.
CT angiography has become, in recent years, a main evaluating modality for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent advancements in the field have allowed us to identity not only the presence of obstructive disease but also the characteristics of identified lesions. High-risk coronary atherosclerotic plaques are identified in CT angiographies via a number of specific characteristics and may provide prognostic and therapeutic implications, aiming to prevent future ischemic events via optimizing medical treatment or providing coronary interventions. In light of new evidence evaluating the safety and efficacy of intervening in high-risk plaques, even in non-flow-limiting disease, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the diagnostic algorithms and implications of plaque vulnerability in CT angiography, identify any differences with invasive imaging, analyze prognostic factors and potential future therapeutic options in such patients, as well as discuss new frontiers, including intervening in non-flow-limiting stenoses and the role of CT angiography in patient stratification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends and Advances in Cardiac Imaging)
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21 pages, 5736 KiB  
Review
Imaging in Infective Endocarditis—Current Opinions and Trends in Cardiac Computed Tomography
by Ana Petkovic, Nemanja Menkovic, Olga Petrovic, Ilija Bilbija, Miodrag Nisevic, Nikola N. Radovanovic, Dejana Stanisavljevic, Svetozar Putnik, Ruzica Maksimovic and Branislava Ivanovic
Diagnostics 2024, 14(13), 1355; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14131355 - 26 Jun 2024
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Abstract
Infective endocarditis is a rare disease with an increasing incidence and an unaltered high mortality rate, despite medical development. Imaging plays an integrative part in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis, with echocardiography as the initial diagnostic test. Research data in the utility of [...] Read more.
Infective endocarditis is a rare disease with an increasing incidence and an unaltered high mortality rate, despite medical development. Imaging plays an integrative part in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis, with echocardiography as the initial diagnostic test. Research data in the utility of cardiac computed tomography (CCT) in the diagnostic algorithm of IE are rising, which indicates its importance in detection of IE-related lesion along with the exclusion of coronary artery disease. The latest 2023 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines in the management of IE classified CCT as class of recommendation I and level of evidence B in detection of both valvular and paravalvular lesions in native and prosthetic valve endocarditis. This review article provides a comprehensive and contemporary review of the role of CCT in the diagnosis of IE, the optimization of acquisition protocols, the morphology characteristics of IE-related lesions, the published data of the diagnostic performance of CCT in comparison to echocardiography as the state-of-art method, as well as the limitations and future possibilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends and Advances in Cardiac Imaging)
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