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Polymers
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Mechanical and Dynamic Characterization of Polymeric Composites, 2nd Edition
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Mechanical and Dynamic Characterization of Polymeric Composites, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2025 | Viewed by 7355

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mei-Chen Lin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
Interests: fiber and functional textiles; polymer matrix composite materials; artificial medical materials; nanocomposites
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Limin Bao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano Prefecture 390-8621, Japan
Interests: green composite materials; carbon fiber composite materials; mechanical properties of composite materials (stretching, puncture and three-point bending, etc.); mechanical analysis simulation systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Further to the success of the Special Issue of Polymers “Mechanical and Dynamic Characterization of Polymeric Composites”, we are delighted to reopen the Special Issue, now entitled “Mechanical and Dynamic Characterization of Polymeric Composites, 2nd Edition”.

The development of composite materials, which could be made of thermosetting or thermoplastic polymers after reinforcement, is diversified because they are used in many applications and exhibit strong performance. This Special Issue on “Mechanical and Dynamic Characterization of Polymeric Composites” is mainly in the fields of composite materials engineering and scientific studies. Innovative research based on the various mechanical properties of composite materials and dynamic analysis is invited. The research content of the studies includes purpose and innovation, material production and processing, reinforcement methods, and the theory of composite materials combined with multiple materials. We look forward to making breakthroughs in the field of composite materials and profound discussions and gains on the mechanical properties, processing methods, and application discussions of composite materials.

Dr. Mei-Chen Lin
Prof. Dr. Limin Bao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • polymer matrix
  • composite materials
  • mechanical
  • dynamic analysis
  • strength
  • fiber
  • modulus
  • resin
  • nanocomposites
  • fabrication
  • manufacture

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 7955 KiB  
Article
Basalt Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Laminates with Eco-Friendly Bio Resin: A Comparative Study of Mechanical and Fracture Properties
by Devmith Kariyawasam Don, Johannes Reiner, Matt Jennings and Mahbube Subhani
Polymers 2024, 16(14), 2056; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16142056 - 18 Jul 2024
Viewed by 443
Abstract
Fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are widely used in industry due to their impressive strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance and high durability. One of the primary components of FRPs is synthetic resins, specifically epoxy, which has been identified as harmful to the environment. To address this [...] Read more.
Fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are widely used in industry due to their impressive strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance and high durability. One of the primary components of FRPs is synthetic resins, specifically epoxy, which has been identified as harmful to the environment. To address this concern, an eco-friendly alternative made from basalt fibres and bio resin has the potential to reduce the environmental impact. This study investigates Basalt Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) laminates manufactured using two bio resins, AMPRO™ BIO and Change Climate, comparing them to one conventional epoxy resin, WEST SYSTEM®, in terms of tensile modulus, strength and fracture toughness, as well as shear properties. The results indicate that BFRP laminates made with bio resins exhibit comparable or better mechanical properties to their conventional counterparts with tensile strength being between 6 and 17% more in bio resins compared to the conventional resin, thereby paving the way for further exploration of sustainable FRP laminates in future engineering applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical and Dynamic Characterization of Polymeric Composites, 2nd Edition)
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25 pages, 12446 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the Compressive Strength and Void Analysis of Cement Pastes with Superabsorbent Polymer
by Nilam Adsul and Su-Tae Kang
Polymers 2024, 16(14), 1970; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16141970 - 10 Jul 2024
Viewed by 420
Abstract
This study aimed to experimentally investigate the compressive strength and air voids of cement pastes with varying dosages of Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP) and water-to-cement (w/c) ratios. Cement pastes were prepared using three different w/c ratios of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6, along with different [...] Read more.
This study aimed to experimentally investigate the compressive strength and air voids of cement pastes with varying dosages of Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP) and water-to-cement (w/c) ratios. Cement pastes were prepared using three different w/c ratios of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6, along with different dosages of SAP ranging from 0.2% to 0.5% by weight of cement. Additionally, SAP was introduced in two forms: dry and wet. After casting the cubes, two distinct curing conditions were employed: curing at a temperature of 20 °C with a Relative Humidity (RH) of 60% (Curing 1), and water curing (Curing 2). The results revealed that the addition of SAP increased early strength when subjected to Curing 1, followed by a decrease in later strength. On the other hand, samples with SAP and water curing exhibited higher strength compared to those without SAP, especially with w/c ratios of 0.4 and 0.5. However, at a w/c ratio of 0.6, nearly all samples showed a reduction in strength compared to those without SAP. Furthermore, air void analysis was performed on all samples cured for 28 days using an image analysis technique. The samples containing wet SAP resulted in a higher total air content compared to the samples with dry SAP. Additionally, the incorporation of wet SAP in cement paste led to lower specific surface areas and a higher spacing factor than the samples with dry SAP. These findings suggest that the clumping of wet SAP particles during presoaking resulted in coarser air voids compared to the samples containing dry SAP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical and Dynamic Characterization of Polymeric Composites, 2nd Edition)
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15 pages, 4865 KiB  
Article
Effect of Inorganic Fillers on Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Ceramizable Silicone Rubber
by Mingyuan Yang, Jingqi Qiao, Bolin Su, Yongjian Xiao, Shenglin Kang, Yuchen Li, Hanzhong Cao, Hongchuan Tang and Xuetong Zhao
Polymers 2024, 16(12), 1695; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16121695 - 14 Jun 2024
Viewed by 532
Abstract
Ceramizable silicone rubber (CSR) composed of silicone rubber matrix and inorganic fillers can be transformed into a dense flame-retardant ceramic upon encountering high temperatures or flames. Conventionally, CSR can be sintered into a dense ceramic at temperatures above 1000 °C, which is higher [...] Read more.
Ceramizable silicone rubber (CSR) composed of silicone rubber matrix and inorganic fillers can be transformed into a dense flame-retardant ceramic upon encountering high temperatures or flames. Conventionally, CSR can be sintered into a dense ceramic at temperatures above 1000 °C, which is higher than the melting point of a copper conductor used in a power cable. In this study, the vulcanization process and mass ratio of inorganic fillers of CSR were studied to lower its ceramization temperature to 950 °C. The electrical and mechanical properties of CSRs and their ceramic bulks were studied with various ratios of wollastonite and muscovite. It was found that the CSR samples could be successfully fabricated using a two-step vulcanization technique (at 120 °C and 150 °C, respectively). As a high ratio of muscovite filler was introduced into the CSR, the sample presented a high dc electrical resistivity of 6.713 × 1014 Ω·cm, and a low dielectric constant of 4.3 and dielectric loss of 0.025 at 50 Hz. After the thermal sintering (at 950 °C for 1 h) of the CSR sample with a high ratio of muscovite, the ceramic sample exhibits a dense microstructure without any pores. The ceramic also demonstrates excellent insulating properties, with a volume resistivity of 8.69 × 1011 Ω·cm, and a low dielectric loss of 0.01 at 50 Hz. Meanwhile, the three-point bending strength of the ceramic sample reaches a value of 110.03 MPa. This study provides a potential route to fabricate CSR used for fire-resistant cables. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical and Dynamic Characterization of Polymeric Composites, 2nd Edition)
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15 pages, 14264 KiB  
Article
The Synergistic Effect of Carbon Black/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Fillers on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of EPDM Composites after Exposure to High-Pressure Hydrogen Gas
by Hyunmin Kang, Jongwoo Bae, Jinhyok Lee, Yumi Yun, Sangkoo Jeon, Nakkwan Chung, Jaekap Jung, Unbong Baek, Jihun Lee, Yewon Kim and Myungchan Choi
Polymers 2024, 16(8), 1065; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16081065 - 11 Apr 2024
Viewed by 710
Abstract
This study investigated the synergistic effect of carbon black/multi-wall carbon nanotube (CB/MWCNT) hybrid fillers on the physical and mechanical properties of Ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) composites after exposure to high-pressure hydrogen gas. The EPDM/CB/CNT hybrid composites were prepared by using the EPDM/MWCNT [...] Read more.
This study investigated the synergistic effect of carbon black/multi-wall carbon nanotube (CB/MWCNT) hybrid fillers on the physical and mechanical properties of Ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) composites after exposure to high-pressure hydrogen gas. The EPDM/CB/CNT hybrid composites were prepared by using the EPDM/MWCNT master batch (MB) with 10 phr CNTs to enhance the dispersion of CNTs in hybrid composites. The investigation included a detailed analysis of cure characteristics, crosslink density, Payne effect, mechanical properties, and hydrogen permeation properties. After exposure to 96.3 MPa hydrogen gas, the hydrogen uptake and the change in volume and mechanical properties of the composites were assessed. We found that as the MWCNT volume fraction in fillers increased, the crosslink density, filler–filler interaction, and modulus of hybrid composites increased. The hydrogen uptake and the solubility of the composites decreased with an increasing MWCNT volume fraction in fillers. Moreover, after exposure to hydrogen gas, the change in volume and mechanical properties exhibited a diminishing trend with a higher MWCNT volume fraction. We conclude that the hybridization of CB and CNTs formed strong filler–filler networks in hybrid composites, consequently reinforcing the EPDM composites and enhancing the barrier properties of hydrogen gas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical and Dynamic Characterization of Polymeric Composites, 2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 10225 KiB  
Article
Tensile and Interfacial Mechanical Properties for Single Aramid III Fibers under Dynamic Loading
by Fu Liu, Fangfang Li, Xuelei Li, Haobin Tian and Xudong Lei
Polymers 2024, 16(6), 804; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16060804 - 13 Mar 2024
Viewed by 855
Abstract
In this study, the traditional mini split Hopkinson tension bar (SHTB) was enhanced for the dynamic mechanical performance testing of single fiber/resin interface of composites. Single Aramid III fibers were modified using a polyamine modification treatment. Quasi-static and dynamic tensile tests of modified [...] Read more.
In this study, the traditional mini split Hopkinson tension bar (SHTB) was enhanced for the dynamic mechanical performance testing of single fiber/resin interface of composites. Single Aramid III fibers were modified using a polyamine modification treatment. Quasi-static and dynamic tensile tests of modified single Aramid III fibers were conducted using an electronic tensile testing machine and mini SHTB. The test results indicated that the surface modification employing the Catechol-Tetraethylenepentamine (Cat-TEPA) approach had a negligible effect on the tensile mechanical properties of single Aramid III fibers. The microdroplet method was introduced to measure the dynamic interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of Aramid III fiber/waterborne polyurethane resin using a mini SHTB. The dynamic shear test results revealed an increase in the dynamic shear strength of the modified Aramid III fiber/resin interface from 36.16 MPa to 41.51 MPa. Furthermore, the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) photography of the modified single Aramid III fiber after debonding exhibited regular grid structures on the debonding area, which can prevent debonding between the single fiber and the microdroplet, thereby enhancing interfacial shear performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical and Dynamic Characterization of Polymeric Composites, 2nd Edition)
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21 pages, 9867 KiB  
Article
Role of Bio-Based and Fossil-Based Reactive Diluents in Epoxy Coatings with Amine and Phenalkamine Crosslinker
by Pieter Samyn, Joey Bosmans and Patrick Cosemans
Polymers 2023, 15(19), 3856; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15193856 - 22 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1467
Abstract
The properties of epoxy can be adapted depending on the selection of bio-based diluents and crosslinkers to balance the appropriate viscosity for processing and the resulting mechanical properties for coating applications. This work presents a comprehensive study on the structure–property relationships for epoxy [...] Read more.
The properties of epoxy can be adapted depending on the selection of bio-based diluents and crosslinkers to balance the appropriate viscosity for processing and the resulting mechanical properties for coating applications. This work presents a comprehensive study on the structure–property relationships for epoxy coatings with various diluents of mono-, di-, and bio-based trifunctional glycidyl ethers or bio-based epoxidized soybean oil added in appropriate concentration ranges, in combination with a traditional fossil-based amine or bio-based phenalkamine crosslinker. The viscosity of epoxy resins was already reduced for diluents with simple linear molecular configurations at low concentrations, while higher concentrations of more complex multifunctional diluents were needed for a similar viscosity reduction. The curing kinetics were evaluated through the fitting of data from differential scanning calorimetry to an Arrhenius equation, yielding the lowest activation energies for difunctional diluents in parallel with a balance between viscosity and reactivity. While the variations in curing kinetics with a change in diluent were minor, the phenalkamine crosslinkers resulted in a stronger decrease in activation energy. For cured epoxy resins, the glass transition temperature was determined as an intrinsic parameter that was further related to the mechanical coating performance. Considerable effects of the diluents on coating properties were investigated, mostly showing a reduction in abrasive wear for trifunctional diluents in parallel with the variations in hardness and ductility. The high hydrophobicity for coatings with diluents remained after wear and provided good protection. In conclusion, the coating performance could be related to the intrinsic mechanical properties independently of the fossil- or bio-based origin of diluents and crosslinkers, while additional lubricating properties are presented for vegetable oil diluents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical and Dynamic Characterization of Polymeric Composites, 2nd Edition)
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28 pages, 11506 KiB  
Article
Polyamide 11 Composites Reinforced with Diatomite Biofiller—Mechanical, Rheological and Crystallization Properties
by Marta Dobrosielska, Renata Dobrucka, Dariusz Brząkalski, Paulina Kozera, Agnieszka Martyła, Ewa Gabriel, Krzysztof J. Kurzydłowski and Robert E. Przekop
Polymers 2023, 15(6), 1563; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15061563 - 21 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1733
Abstract
Amorphic diatomaceous earth is derived from natural sources, and polyamide 11 (PA11) is produced from materials of natural origin. Both of these materials show a low harmfulness to the environment and a reduced carbon footprint. This is why the combination of these two [...] Read more.
Amorphic diatomaceous earth is derived from natural sources, and polyamide 11 (PA11) is produced from materials of natural origin. Both of these materials show a low harmfulness to the environment and a reduced carbon footprint. This is why the combination of these two constituents is beneficial not only to improve the physicochemical and mechanical properties of polyamide 11 but also to produce a biocomposite. For the purpose of this paper, the test biocomposite was produced by combining polyamide 11, as well as basic and pre-fractionated diatomaceous earth, which had been subjected to silanization. The produced composites were used to carry out rheological (melt flow rate-MFR), mechanical (tensile strength, bending strength, impact strength), crystallographic (X-ray Diffraction-XRD), thermal and thermo-mechanical (differential scanning calorimetry–DSC, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis–DMTA) analyses, as well as a study of hydrophobic–hydrophilic properties of the material surface (wetting angle) and imaging of the surface of the composites and the fractured specimens. The tests showed that the additive 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) acted as an agent that improved the elasticity of composites and the melt flow rate. In addition, the produced composites showed a hydrophilic surface profile compared to pure polylactide and polyamide 11. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical and Dynamic Characterization of Polymeric Composites, 2nd Edition)
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