World Electric Vehicle Journal

Research

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18 pages, 3984 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Efficiency Maps of Shifted Inductances Axes Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

by Hussein Nasser, Yacine Amara, Ferhat Chabour and Mazen Ghandour

World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14(7), 174; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14070174 - 30 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1277

Abstract

In this contribution, a tool developed for the study of the efficiency maps of shifted inductances axes permanent magnet synchronous motors (SIAPMSMs) is presented and made available to the readers. The research builds upon a shared foundation that has already been established in [...] Read more.

In this contribution, a tool developed for the study of the efficiency maps of shifted inductances axes permanent magnet synchronous motors (SIAPMSMs) is presented and made available to the readers. The research builds upon a shared foundation that has already been established in previous works focused on the power capability of synchronous machines. This contribution is an extension of previous works dedicated to the power capabilities of shifted inductances axes synchronous motors where the losses were not considered. In this new contribution, the SIAPMSM models, which include the electromagnetic losses (joule and iron losses), are discussed. The mechanical losses are not included. The classical permanent magnet synchronous machines can be considered a particular case of a SIAPMSM. They will be used to validate the developed tools. The validation study is conducted by comparing the power capabilities and the efficiency maps of SIAPMSMs and classical PMSMs obtained by the newly developed modeling tool and a previously developed modeling tool. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Novel Permanent Magnet and Magnetless Machines and Control for Electric Vehicles)

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21 pages, 11567 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Performance Evaluation of Stator/Rotor-PM Flux-Switching Machines and Interior Rotor-PM Machine for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

by Wenfei Yu, Zhongze Wu and Wei Hua

World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14(6), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14060139 - 26 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1864

Abstract

A three-phase interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine with 18-stator-slots/12-rotor-poles and concentrated armature winding is commercially employed as a 10 kW integrated-starter-generator in a commercial hybrid electric vehicle. For comprehensive and fair evaluation, a pair of flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) brushless machines, namely one [...] Read more.

A three-phase interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine with 18-stator-slots/12-rotor-poles and concentrated armature winding is commercially employed as a 10 kW integrated-starter-generator in a commercial hybrid electric vehicle. For comprehensive and fair evaluation, a pair of flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) brushless machines, namely one stator permanent magnet flux-switching (SPM-FS) machine, and one rotor permanent magnet flux-switching (RPM-FS) machine, are designed and compared under the same DC-link voltage and armature current density. Firstly, a SPM-FS machine is designed and compared with an IPM machine under the same torque requirement, and the performance indicates that they exhibit similar torque density; however, the former suffers from magnetic saturation and low utilization of permanent magnets (PMs). Thus, to eliminate significant stator iron saturation and improve the ratio of torque per PM mass, an RPM-machine is designed with the same overall volume of the IPM machine, where the PMs are moved from stator to rotor and a multi-objective optimization algorithm is applied in the machine optimization. Then, the electromagnetic performance of the three machines, considering end-effect, is compared, including air-gap flux density, torque ripple, overload capacity and flux-weakening ability. The predicted results indicate that the RPM-FS machine exhibits the best performance as a promising candidate for hybrid electric vehicles. Experimental results of both the IPM and SPM-FS machines are provided for validation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Novel Permanent Magnet and Magnetless Machines and Control for Electric Vehicles)

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17 pages, 8042 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thermal Analysis of a Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machine for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

by Wenfei Yu, Zhongze Wu and Wei Hua

World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14(5), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14050130 - 19 May 2023

Viewed by 1700

Abstract

This paper investigates the loss and thermal characteristics of a three-phase 10 kW flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machine, which is used as an integrated starter generator (ISG) for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). In this paper, an improved method considering both DC-bias component and [...] Read more.

This paper investigates the loss and thermal characteristics of a three-phase 10 kW flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machine, which is used as an integrated starter generator (ISG) for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). In this paper, an improved method considering both DC-bias component and minor hysteresis loops in iron flux-density distribution is proposed to calculate core loss more precisely. Then, a lumped parameter thermal network (LPTN) model is constructed to predict transient thermal behavior of the FSPM machine, which takes into consideration various losses as heat sources determined from predictions and experiments. Meanwhile, a simplified one-dimensional (1D) steady heat conduction (1D-SHC) model with two heat sources in cylindrical coordinates is also proposed to predict the thermal behavior. To verify the two methods above, transient and steady thermal analyses of the FSPM machine were performed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on the losses mentioned above. Finally, the predicted results from both LPTN and 1D-SHC were verified by the experiments on a prototyped FSPM machine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Novel Permanent Magnet and Magnetless Machines and Control for Electric Vehicles)

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20 pages, 8423 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Flux Weakening Controller Design for Series-Winding Three-Phase PMSM Drive Systems

by Senyi Liu, Zaixin Song, Bowen Zhang and Chunhua Liu

World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14(4), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14040107 - 13 Apr 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2356

Abstract

Series-winding three-phase PMSMs have a higher bus voltage utilization than the conventional three-phase PMSMs with star connection. This topology is suitable for applications with a limited bus voltage. However, the zero-sequence current controller will reduce the bus voltage utilization of the series-winding PMSMs, [...] Read more.

Series-winding three-phase PMSMs have a higher bus voltage utilization than the conventional three-phase PMSMs with star connection. This topology is suitable for applications with a limited bus voltage. However, the zero-sequence current controller will reduce the bus voltage utilization of the series-winding PMSMs, which causes problems in the flux-weakening controller design. The conventional flux-weakening control algorithms will cause the series-winding PMSMs to enter the overmodulation region early and degrade the performance of the zero-sequence current suppression algorithm. In this paper, a new flux-weakening controller with a dynamic fundamental voltage limit (FW-DFVL) is designed for the series-winding three-phase PMSM traction system. Firstly, the space vector modulation method combines the proposed virtual zero-sequence vectors to realize both the fundamental current generation and the zero-sequence current suppression. The accurate bus voltage utilization in the fundamental current subspace can be derived from the proposed modulation method. Secondly, the gradient descent method generates the flux-weakening d-axis reference current with the dynamic fundamental voltage, which will converge faster than the conventional PI-based flux-weakening control scheme. Thirdly, the flux-weakening controller in the overmodulation region is also designed where the zero-sequence current will no longer be suppressed. The bus voltage utilization is V_dc in this operation mode. Finally, both the simulation and experimental results are utilized to verify the effectiveness of the proposed FW-DFVL, where faster dynamic performance and higher bus utilization are observed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Novel Permanent Magnet and Magnetless Machines and Control for Electric Vehicles)

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18 pages, 7893 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study of Winding Structure to Reduce Harmonic Currents in Dual Three-Phase Motor

by Akito Yoshida and Kan Akatsu

World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14(4), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14040100 - 7 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2579

Abstract

Dual three-phase motors have the problem of a large generation of harmonic currents while driving due to small inductance for certain harmonics. The purpose of this paper is to theoretically clarify the effect of the winding structure of dual three-phase motors on harmonic [...] Read more.

Dual three-phase motors have the problem of a large generation of harmonic currents while driving due to small inductance for certain harmonics. The purpose of this paper is to theoretically clarify the effect of the winding structure of dual three-phase motors on harmonic currents. Analytical calculations considering the spatial harmonics of the magnetomotive force are used to formulate the inductance that depends on the winding structure and the harmonic order. The validity of the formulated theoretical expression of the inductance is confirmed by finite element analysis. In addition, drive simulations of the coil pitch 5/6 dual 3-phase motor and the coil pitch 1 dual 3-phase motor are performed, and it is found that the magnitude of the generated harmonic currents can be explained using the formulated inductance values. In conclusion, it is found that dual three-phase motors with large winding factors for fifth and seventh order spatial harmonics can reduce the harmonic currents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Novel Permanent Magnet and Magnetless Machines and Control for Electric Vehicles)

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16 pages, 5229 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Smooth Speed Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Using Back Propagation Neural Network

by Chenhao Zhao, Yuefei Zuo, Huanzhi Wang, Qiankang Hou and Christopher H. T. Lee

World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14(4), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14040092 - 1 Apr 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1829

Abstract

Torque ripple is one of the most critical problems in PMSM system. In this paper, a neural network (NN) torque compensator is combined with a conventional extended state observer (ESO)-based active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) system to suppress the torque ripple at wide [...] Read more.

Torque ripple is one of the most critical problems in PMSM system. In this paper, a neural network (NN) torque compensator is combined with a conventional extended state observer (ESO)-based active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) system to suppress the torque ripple at wide machine operation speed range by generating the optimal current reference. The ESO is able to estimate and reject the low-frequency component in the torque ripple, while the remaining disturbances can be learned and compensated by the neural network. Compared with commonly used schemes, the proposed method does not need to analyze the influence of various sources of the torque ripple, such as the cogging torque, non-sinusoidal back-EMF, parameter variations, and unmodeled disturbances. In addition, the simple structure of the neural network helps reduce the computation time and save computer memory. The effectiveness of the proposed neural network compensator with both the rotor position and mechanical angular velocity as inputs is verified in the experiment under different operation speeds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Novel Permanent Magnet and Magnetless Machines and Control for Electric Vehicles)

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24 pages, 7688 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High-Frequency Signal Injection-Based Sensorless Control for Dual-Armature Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machine

by Lijian Wu, Jiali Yi, Zekai Lyu, Zhengxiang Zhang and Sideng Hu

World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14(4), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14040085 - 27 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1909

Abstract

The new topology of the dual-armature flux-switching permanent magnet machine (DA-FSPM) leads to new characteristics and issues in the control of the machine, of which the mutual inductance of the two sets of armature windings is the most important one. This paper proposes [...] Read more.

The new topology of the dual-armature flux-switching permanent magnet machine (DA-FSPM) leads to new characteristics and issues in the control of the machine, of which the mutual inductance of the two sets of armature windings is the most important one. This paper proposes a novel position–sensorless control method based on high-frequency injection (HFI) for DA-FSPM. The high-frequency model of the machine is derived, and the theory of the position estimation method is proposed. Different from the conventional HFI-based position estimation method, the proposed method utilizes the mutual inductance of the DA-FSPM rather than the machine saliency. Meanwhile, because the extracted position information based on the mutual inductance is more obvious, the proposed method also has better steady and dynamic performance. Then, the position observer based on the phase lock loop and the initial position detection method for the DA-FSPM is proposed. The experiments are executed on a DA-FSPM prototype with three-phase stator windings and five-phase rotor windings to prove the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Novel Permanent Magnet and Magnetless Machines and Control for Electric Vehicles)

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20 pages, 8302 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation and Development of the Brushless and Magnetless Wound Field Synchronous Motor Drive System for Electric Vehicle Application

by Yanhui Li, Yiwei Wang, Zhuoran Zhang and Jincai Li

World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14(4), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14040081 - 24 Mar 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4283

Abstract

In order to solve the problems of soaring costs and supply fluctuation in permanent magnet materials, this paper investigates and develops a magnetless wound field synchronous motor (WFSM) drive system for electric vehicle (EV) application. As the crucial drive component for EVs, the [...] Read more.

In order to solve the problems of soaring costs and supply fluctuation in permanent magnet materials, this paper investigates and develops a magnetless wound field synchronous motor (WFSM) drive system for electric vehicle (EV) application. As the crucial drive component for EVs, the proposed WFSM in this paper has a two-stage structure which is described as the exciter and the main motor. The excitation characteristics of the exciter that provide power to the rotor field winding are emphatically analyzed. In addition, the discrete time domain armature current regulator and excitation current regulator are designed and analyzed for the high-performance WFSM drive system. A current coordinated control strategy for the full speed range is proposed to expand the constant power region. The experiment shows that the excitation characteristics and torque capability of the WFSM are consistent with the analysis, and proves that the WFSM is a potential solution for the magnetless motor for EV application. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Novel Permanent Magnet and Magnetless Machines and Control for Electric Vehicles)

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18 pages, 6579 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Parameter-Free Method for Estimating the Stator Resistance of a Wound Rotor Synchronous Machine

by Peyman Haghgooei, Ehsan Jamshidpour, Adrien Corne, Noureddine Takorabet, Davood Arab Khaburi, Lotfi Baghli and Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh

World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14(3), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14030065 - 4 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2363

Abstract

This paper presents a new online method based on low frequency signal injection to estimate the stator resistance of a Wound Rotor Synchronous Machine (WRSM). The proposed estimator provides a parameter-free method for estimating the stator resistance, in which there is no need [...] Read more.

This paper presents a new online method based on low frequency signal injection to estimate the stator resistance of a Wound Rotor Synchronous Machine (WRSM). The proposed estimator provides a parameter-free method for estimating the stator resistance, in which there is no need to know the values of the parameters of the machine model, such as the stator and rotor inductances or the rotor flux linkage. In this method, a low frequency sinusoidal current is injected in the d axis of the stator current to produce a sinusoidal flux in the stator. In this paper, it is shown that the phase difference between the generated sinusoidal flux and the injected sinusoidal current is related to the stator resistance mismatch. Using this phase difference, the stator resistance is estimated. To validate the proposed model-free estimator, simulations were performed with Matlab Simulink and the results were compared with the extended Kalman filter observer. Finally, experimental tests, under different conditions, were performed to estimate the stator resistance of a WRSM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Novel Permanent Magnet and Magnetless Machines and Control for Electric Vehicles)

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23 pages, 5943 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Adaptive Nonlinear Control of Salient-Pole PMSM for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications: Theory and Experiments

by Chaimae El Fakir, Zakariae El Idrissi, Abdellah Lassioui, Fatima Zahra Belhaj, Khawla Gaouzi, Hassan El Fadil and Aziz Rachid

World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14(2), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14020030 - 26 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2074

Abstract

This research work deals with the problem of controlling a salient-pole permanent-magnet synchronous motor (SP-PMSM) used in hybrid electric vehicles. An adaptive nonlinear controller based on the backstepping technique is developed to meet the following requirements: control of the reference vehicle speed in [...] Read more.

This research work deals with the problem of controlling a salient-pole permanent-magnet synchronous motor (SP-PMSM) used in hybrid electric vehicles. An adaptive nonlinear controller based on the backstepping technique is developed to meet the following requirements: control of the reference vehicle speed in the presence of load variation and changes in the internal motor parameters while keeping the reliability and stability of the vehicle. The complexity of the control problem lies on the system nonlinearity, instability and the problem of inaccessibility to measure all the internal parameters, such as inertia, friction and load variation. For this issue, an adaptive backstepping regulator is developed to estimate these parameters. On the basis of formal analysis and simulation, as well as test results, it is clearly shown that the designed controller achieves all the goals, namely robustness and reliability of the controller, stability of the system and speed control, considering the uncertainty parameters’ measurements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Novel Permanent Magnet and Magnetless Machines and Control for Electric Vehicles)

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12 pages, 4312 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Performance Simulation of Long-Stator Linear Synchronous Motor for High-Speed Maglev Train under Three-Phase Short-Circuit Fault

by Hongyi Yang, Yanxin Li and Qinfen Lu

World Electr. Veh. J. 2022, 13(11), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj13110216 - 18 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2451

Abstract

The high-speed Maglev train is driven by long-stator linear synchronous motors (LLSM). During the long-time outdoor operation, the insulation material of the armature winding may be damaged, either due to aging or the movement of the windings. This may result in the three-phase [...] Read more.

The high-speed Maglev train is driven by long-stator linear synchronous motors (LLSM). During the long-time outdoor operation, the insulation material of the armature winding may be damaged, either due to aging or the movement of the windings. This may result in the three-phase short-circuit fault, which affects the traction performance and the operation of the train. In this paper, a simulation model of the high-speed Maglev train traction system with a three-phase short-circuit fault LLSM is established, including the converters at two ends, feeder cables, segmented LLSM and traction control system. The system adopts a double-end power supply mode. The model divides the fault segment LLSM into two parts. One part is connected to the converter, which is equivalent to a normal operating segment with shortened long-stator. The other part is equivalent to a three-phase short-circuit linear generator. Based on this model, the influence of running speed and fault segment length on the traction performance of the train is simulated. In addition, the stator current, acceleration and traction force of the Maglev train during fault segment are investigated in the acceleration phase, deceleration phase and constant speed phase, respectively. The results can provide a reference for three-phase short-circuit fault diagnosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Novel Permanent Magnet and Magnetless Machines and Control for Electric Vehicles)

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13 pages, 16533 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of DC Winding Induced Voltage in Wound-Rotor Synchronous Machines by Using the Air-Gap Field Modulation Principle

by Wentao Zhang, Ying Fan, Z. Q. Zhu, Zhongze Wu, Wei Hua and Ming Cheng

World Electr. Veh. J. 2022, 13(11), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj13110215 - 17 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2507

Abstract

In order to analyze the DC winding induced voltage in the wound-rotor synchronous machine, this paper uses the air-gap field modulation principle to investigate its operation mechanism and harmonic order. By establishing the analytical magneto-motive force (MMF)-permeance model, the DC winding induced voltage [...] Read more.

In order to analyze the DC winding induced voltage in the wound-rotor synchronous machine, this paper uses the air-gap field modulation principle to investigate its operation mechanism and harmonic order. By establishing the analytical magneto-motive force (MMF)-permeance model, the DC winding induced voltage per electrical cycle under open-circuit condition, armature reaction condition and on-load condition are deduced. Analytical analysis shows that the MMF function, stator and rotor permeance function are critical factors that influence the harmonic order of the DC winding induced voltage. The analysis results are compared with those predicted by the finite element analysis (FEA). Both non-linear steel and linear steel conditions are accounted in the FEA analysis, and the results show that the analytical deduction result agrees well with the FEA analysis result. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Novel Permanent Magnet and Magnetless Machines and Control for Electric Vehicles)

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16 pages, 5529 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Analysis and Design of Double-Rotor Stator-Permanent-Magnet Motors with Magnetic-Differential Application for Electric Vehicles

by Tengbo Yang, Kwok Tong Chau, Wei Liu, Tze Wood Ching and Libing Cao

World Electr. Veh. J. 2022, 13(11), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj13110199 - 26 Oct 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3759

Abstract

In order to get rid of the bulky and lossy differential gears and to enhance the system robustness, the magnetic differential (MagD) system is proposed after the mechanical differential (MechD) and electronic differential (ElecD) systems. The MagD system is mainly composed of the [...] Read more.

In order to get rid of the bulky and lossy differential gears and to enhance the system robustness, the magnetic differential (MagD) system is proposed after the mechanical differential (MechD) and electronic differential (ElecD) systems. The MagD system is mainly composed of the double-rotor (DR) stator-permanent-magnet (PM) motor with a new set of winding whose magnetic field reversely interacts with the PM field in two rotors. As a result, the compactness and reliability of the system are improved. This paper quantitatively compares and analyzes the three major types of stator-PM motors applied in the MagD system, which can give an essential guideline on the choice of motor types in various situations. All kinds of motors are optimized in the same exercise, and their performances are thoroughly evaluated and compared by using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Finally, the motor with the best overall performance is prototyped, and the MagD system is set up for experimental verification of the optimized flux-switching PM motor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Novel Permanent Magnet and Magnetless Machines and Control for Electric Vehicles)

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18 pages, 4564 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Comparative Study of Permanent Magnet, Conventional, and Advanced Induction Machines for Traction Applications

by Tayfun Gundogdu, Zi-Qiang Zhu and Ching Chuen Chan

World Electr. Veh. J. 2022, 13(8), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj13080137 - 28 Jul 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4842

Abstract

This paper investigates and compares the torque-generating capabilities and electromagnetic performance of advanced non-overlapping winding induction machines (AIM), conventional induction machines (CIM), and interior-permanent magnet (IPM) machines for electric vehicle (EV) applications. All investigated machines are designed based on the specifications of the [...] Read more.

This paper investigates and compares the torque-generating capabilities and electromagnetic performance of advanced non-overlapping winding induction machines (AIM), conventional induction machines (CIM), and interior-permanent magnet (IPM) machines for electric vehicle (EV) applications. All investigated machines are designed based on the specifications of the Toyota Prius 2010 IPM machine. The steady-state and flux-weakening performance characteristics are calculated by employing the 2D finite element method and MatLab, and the obtained results are quantitatively compared. Furthermore, the torque-generating capabilities of three machines are investigated for different electric loadings, and the machine having the highest torque-generating capability is determined as AIM. Moreover, the major parameters affecting the torque-generating capability, such as magnetic saturation and magnet demagnetization, are examined in depth. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Novel Permanent Magnet and Magnetless Machines and Control for Electric Vehicles)

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Review

Jump to: Research

21 pages, 6556 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Designing High-Power-Density Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles with Advanced Magnetic Materials

by Youguang Guo, Lin Liu, Xin Ba, Haiyan Lu, Gang Lei, Wenliang Yin and Jianguo Zhu

World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14(4), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14040114 - 18 Apr 2023

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 6642

Abstract

As we face issues of fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution, it is becoming increasingly important to transition towards clean renewable energies and electric vehicles (EVs). However, designing electric motors with high power density for EVs can be challenging due to space and [...] Read more.

As we face issues of fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution, it is becoming increasingly important to transition towards clean renewable energies and electric vehicles (EVs). However, designing electric motors with high power density for EVs can be challenging due to space and weight constraints, as well as issues related to power loss and temperature rise. In order to overcome these challenges, a significant amount of research has been conducted on designing high-power-density electric motors with advanced materials, improved physical and mathematical modeling of materials and the motor system, and system-level multidisciplinary optimization of the entire drive system. These technologies aim to achieve high reliability and optimal performance at the system level. This paper provides an overview of the key technologies for designing high-power-density electric motors for EVs with high reliability and system-level optimal performance, with the focus on advanced magnetic materials and the proper modeling of core losses under two-dimensional or three-dimensional vectorial magnetizations. This paper will also discuss the major challenges associated with designing these motors and the possible future research directions in the field. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Novel Permanent Magnet and Magnetless Machines and Control for Electric Vehicles)

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33 pages, 4281 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Recent Advances in Multi-Phase Electric Drives Model Predictive Control in Renewable Energy Application: A State-of-the-Art Review

by Zhiwei Xue, Shuangxia Niu, Aten Man Ho Chau, Yixiao Luo, Hongjian Lin and Xianglin Li

World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14(2), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14020044 - 6 Feb 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3667

Abstract

Model predictive control (MPC) technology for multi-phase electric drives has received increasing attention in modern industries, especially in electric vehicles, marine electrical propulsion, and wind power generation. However, MPC has several challenges in controlling multi-phase electric drives, including the design of weighting factors, [...] Read more.

Model predictive control (MPC) technology for multi-phase electric drives has received increasing attention in modern industries, especially in electric vehicles, marine electrical propulsion, and wind power generation. However, MPC has several challenges in controlling multi-phase electric drives, including the design of weighting factors, high computational complexity, large harmonic currents, heavy reliance on the system model, fault-tolerant control operation, common-mode voltage, and zero-sequence current hazards. Therefore, this paper gives a comprehensive review of the latest and most effective solutions to the existing major technical challenges and prospects for the future trends of MPC for multi-phase electric drives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Novel Permanent Magnet and Magnetless Machines and Control for Electric Vehicles)

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