The water electrolytic oxidation of graphite is a low-cost sustainable synthesis method for the large-scale production of graphene oxide (GO), but it is usually limited by non-uniform oxidation. Here, the authors report a liquid membrane electrolysis method enabling the high-yield synthesis of uniform monolayer GO at industrial scales.

Real-time monitoring of the structural evolution of catalysts is essential for uncovering catalytic mechanisms and enhancing performance. Here, the authors report a time-resolved measurement that reveals the reconstruction of NiFe-based (oxy)hydroxides, facilitating highly active oxygen evolution.

DNA-based artificial molecular motors have flexibility in design, but exhibit lower speed and shorter run-length than motor proteins. Here, authors rationally engineered an artificial DNA-nanoparticle motor with high speed and long run-length which is comparable to motor proteins.

Chiral binaphthols have been staples as ligands in homogeneous asymmetric catalysis for decades, inducing chirality in transformations of the substrate by noncovalent interactions between the catalyst microenvironment and ligand. Here, the authors demonstrate that the chiral-at-metal stereoinduction mode is also a viable method for stereoinduction when using this ligand class.

CO₂ capture, product separation, and electrolyte recovery are critical challenges in CO₂ electroreduction. Here, the authors present an electrochemical recovery-separation system that addresses these challenges and facilitates the application of CO₂ reduction technology.

Energetically charged particles affect polar ozone levels and have been linked to surface climate variability. This study discusses the pathway that explains the rapid connection from high altitude mesospheric ozone to surface regional climate.

Deep-sea dissolved organic carbon is significantly removed within hadal trenches, positioning these regions as critical sinks in the global DOC pool and highlighting a potential coupling between the marine carbon cycle and tectonic activity.

This molecular-level study provides a comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality in three German research sites. Hydroclimatic variability is causing fundamental changes in groundwater ecosystems, with implications for global water resources.

The amount of S released by the Chicxulub impact event is empirically determined to be 5 times lower than previously estimated, with important consequences for our understanding of the climate cooling that ultimately led to the K-Pg mass extinction.

A shallow-water anoxic zone sandwiched between the oxic surface layer and mid-depth water masses occurs in the oligotrophic early Tonian Xuhuai basin of North China craton. It is analogous to, but much shallower than, modern oxygen minimum zones.

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

Three-dimensional imaging is crucial for biomedical research, yet microscopy faces axial resolution limitations. Here, authors introduce SSAI-3D that adapts training datasets and sparsely finetunes a network to achieve robust results across various biological samples and microscopy systems.

Reducing reliance on Earth-supplied feedstocks is crucial for advancing in-space biomanufacturing. Here, the authors explored three alternative feedstocks – Martian and Lunar regolith, post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate, and fecal waste – to develop an alternative medium for cost-effective in-space lycopene biomanufacturing.

TRIM28 is known to recruit chromatin modifiers to its target regions to co-regulate gene expression in multiple cell types. Here authors show that in CD8⁺ T cells, TRIM28 is an integrant part of the larger-scale chromatin architecture that characterises the activated functional state but dispensable for CD8 T cell maturation.

Directed evolution is a powerful method to optimize protein fitness. Here, authors develop an active learning workflow using machine learning to more efficiently explore the design space of proteins.

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

Secondary acute myeloid leukemias (sAMLs) evolving from myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) associate with poor prognosis. Here authors identify RSK1 as a vulnerability for MPN and sAML and show the efficacy of a first-in-class RSK inhibitor, PMD-026, against these types of myeloid malignancies.

Chen, et al identify peritendon CD26 expressing tendon stem/progenitor cells that contribute to tendon healing, as well as Tenascin-C/YAP dependent heterotopic ossification.

CDK4/6 inhibition is often effective for those with breast cancer but success is limited by adverse reactions. Here, the authors report a phase III randomised trial comparing fulvestrant (oestrogen receptor antagonist) with or without lerociclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor) for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative, endocrine-resistant advanced breast cancer.

Faust, Chen, and colleagues present PHARAOH, a collaborative computational pathology platform that allows histologists to quickly develop custom labelled image datasets to train and catalogue a variety of machine learning models for histopathological analysis.

Neolithic farming practices differed across the Mediterranean. Here, the authors apply a machine learning approach to combined archaeological and paleoclimatic data, investigating the impact of climate on the spread of agriculture in the Mediterranean.

Modeling shows that an expanded set of federal and state policies beyond current policies in the US could achieve economy-wide emissions reductions of 56-67% below 2005 levels by 2035.

Using the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) as an example, this perspective discusses actions that recognize the sovereign rights of Indigenous Peoples and support better research across all Earth Sciences.

This study examined the role of age and culture in determining spatial-numerical associations. Results showed all groups displayed implicit left-to-right biases, suggesting a biological basis for space-number associations, independent of age and culture.

As climate change drives more frequent extreme heat, this study reveals how global trade has intensified heat exposure for workers. Between 1995 and 2020, labour exposure to extreme heat rose by 89%, with many workers now spending nearly half their work hours in dangerous temperatures.