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In this Review, Mestroni and colleagues provide an overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying dilated cardiomyopathy, including both genetic and non-genetic causes, and discuss the development of novel therapies, such as small molecules and gene therapy.
In this Review, Münzel and colleagues describe the adverse effects of soil and water pollution, including heavy metal, pesticide, and microplastic and nanoplastic pollution, on cardiovascular health and provide an overview of the eco-disruptive causes of this pollution.
In this Review, the authors describe the bidirectional crosstalk between lysosome biology and immune cell function and polarization, focusing on immunometabolic reprogramming in the context of atherosclerosis and highlighting knowledge gaps and potential therapeutic strategies targeting immune cell lysosomes.
The gut microbiota has emerged as a risk factor that affects thrombotic phenotypes in several cardiovascular diseases. In this Review, Reinhardt and colleagues discuss the link between the gut microbiota, its metabolites and thromboembolic diseases, and summarize potential therapeutic interventions to modulate the gut microbiota.
Genetic testing for inherited cardiac disease has become part of routine clinical care. In this Review, Verdonschot et al. provide an overview of the reproductive options in the context of monogenic cardiac diseases, with a focus on preimplantation genetic testing, to prepare health-care professionals for discussions with their patients.
In this Review, Shi and co-workers summarize the available evidence on the role of eosinophils in cardiovascular diseases, highlighting differences between preclinical and clinical findings and placing clinical data in the context of experimental data to discuss potential pathogenic or protective roles of eosinophils in different cardiovascular disease settings.
The pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains poorly understood. In this Review, Redfield and colleagues highlight the importance of studying human cardiac tissue in HFpEF, discuss sources, challenges and methods for studying human myocardial samples, summarize pathophysiological insights derived from studies of human myocardium in HFpEF and outline knowledge gaps to guide future research.
In this Review, Ghofrani and colleagues discuss the mechanisms underlying the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension, provide an overview of approved therapies and describe the predominantly non-vasodilatory drugs that are currently being tested in clinical trials.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), precipitated by the unique milieu of population growth, rapid urbanization, socioeconomic disparities and prevalent cardiometabolic risk factors. Brant and colleagues summarize trends in cardiometabolic health in LAC and discuss tailored, innovative solutions to address the growing burden of disease in the region.
In this Review, Touyz and colleagues discuss the role of reactive oxygen species in the pathophysiology of hypertension, focusing on the mechanisms of reactive oxygen species generation and oxidative stress in hypertension, as well as the alterations in redox signalling. They also discuss potential therapeutic strategies for targeting oxidative stress in hypertension.
Contraction of the heart is driven by cyclical interactions between myosin and actin filaments driven by ATP hydrolysis. In this Review, Irving summarizes the basal cardiac cycle of the healthy human heart at the ventricular, cellular, sarcomeric, and molecular levels and the implications for the development of novel therapies for heart disease.
During commercial spaceflight, individuals who might have underlying cardiovascular disease will be exposed to increased gravitational and acceleration (G) forces. In this Review, Morris and colleagues explore the use of computational models to simulate the effects of G forces on human cardiovascular pathophysiology to risk-stratify individuals and help to improve safety in commercial suborbital spaceflight.
Various dietary patterns have been proposed to improve cardiometabolic health. In this Review, Pagidipati et al. emphasize the commonalities between recommendations on what to eat (Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension and low-carbohydrate or ketogenic diets) and the possible benefits of time-restricted eating and intermittent fasting.
Infection with Trypanosoma spp. can cause Chagas disease or human African trypanosomiasis. In this Review, Sabino and colleagues discuss the effects of these infections on the heart, with particular emphasis on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of Chagas cardiomyopathy.
In this Review, Wu and co-workers describe the consequences of radiation exposure on the cardiovascular system, drawing insights from individuals exposed to whole-body radiation (including nuclear and medical workers) and from patients with cancer undergoing radiation therapy.
In this Review, Catapano and colleagues discuss the evidence supporting the LDL cumulative exposure hypothesis and how measuring cumulative LDL exposure can be used to estimate risk and contribute to the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
In this Review, Porsch and Binder discuss the evidence for and mechanisms of the increased and premature risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients with autoimmune disease, with particular focus on systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
In this Review, Khan and colleagues explore the evolving global epidemiology of heart failure (HF), focusing on changes in incidence and prevalence across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction. The authors highlight the disparities in our understanding of HF epidemiology in low-income and middle-income countries, affirming the need for improved surveillance and resource allocation in vulnerable areas and populations.
In this Review, the authors describe the changes in metabolism that predispose individuals to developing atrial fibrillation (AF) and highlight the potential of available and emerging therapeutic strategies that target metabolic remodelling to treat AF.
In this Review, Adkar and Leeper describe the mechanisms of programmed cell death and efferocytosis, discuss how efferocytosis becomes impaired in atherosclerosis and other cardiometabolic diseases, and suggest potential strategies to target these pathways for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
