Several risk tools can accurately predict individual baseline risks of adverse events in people with chronic kidney disease. Here, the authors examine methods of assessing risk and discuss risk-directed patient management, whereby risk is aligned with care delivery to maximize the benefit of available therapeutic strategies.

The management of X-linked hypophosphataemia has evolved owing to the availability of burosumab. In this Evidence-Based Guideline, the authors provide updated clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of X-linked hypophosphataemia with the aim of improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

Over the past year, several new research insights and policy changes have advanced the field of kidney transplantation: kidney xenotransplantation has reached its first human recipients, previously under-used organs are becoming transplantable with new procurement and preservation approaches, and post-transplant care, including prevention of complications, has become safer.

In this Review, the authors examine the diuretic drug class and its use in the treatment of hypertension and volume overload in chronic kidney disease, including dosage and mode of administration. The authors also discuss the mechanisms underlying diuretic resistance and its management, including the use of combination therapy.