protective factors
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This paper aims to analyze the recurrence of indirect inguinal hernia in children after laparoscopic surgery and investigate the influencing factors that may lead to recurrence so as to guide the prevention and treatment of postoperative recurrence of this kind of disease in the future. The data of 260 children with indirect inguinal hernia treated by laparoscopic surgery and followed up in our hospital from July 2019 to July 2021 were selected. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the basic data. The recurrence was analyzed, and the influencing factors of recurrence were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. Among 400 children after indirect inguinal hernia laparoscopic surgery, an occurrence was observed in 15 children, and the recurrence rate was 5.77%. Univariate analysis showed that the age and course of disease were not correlated with recurrence after indirect inguinal hernia laparoscopic surgery ( P > 0.05 ). Being male, bilateral lesions, exact high ligation, loose hernia back wall peritoneum, deciduous ligature, incorrect ligation of the fascia of musculus obliquus externus abdominis, large inguinal hernia, circumferential wiring, and too early off-bed activity were the influencing factors of recurrence after indirect inguinal hernia laparoscopic surgery ( P < 0.05 ). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that being male, bilateral lesions, loose hernia back wall peritoneum, deciduous ligature, incorrect ligation of the fascia of musculus obliquus externus abdominis, large inguinal hernia, and too early off-bed activity were the influencing factors of recurrence after indirect inguinal hernia laparoscopic surgery (OR>1, P < 0.05 ). Exact high ligation and circumferential wiring were protective factors of recurrence after indirect inguinal hernia laparoscopic surgery (OR>1, P < 0.05 ). After indirect inguinal hernia laparoscopic surgery, recurrences were affected by many factors, such as gender, site of pathological changes, and loose hernia back wall peritoneum. For these children with risk factors, reasonable intervention should be taken to reduce recurrence; exact high ligation and circumferential wiring are the protective factors. If permitted, the children meeting related indications can be treated by high ligation or circumferential wiring to reduce the risk of recurrence after indirect inguinal hernia laparoscopic surgery.

In Chile, studies on protective factors and risk factors for sexual violence are limited and very few have incorporated analysis of different types of capital (social, economic, human) as social resources in the protection against sexual violence. The objective of this research is to evaluate to what extent the stock of different capitals act together, as either protective or risk factors in sexual violence in different interpersonal environments. The sample consisted of 1665 women between 15 and 30 years of age (M = 23.47, SD = 4.41). Artificial neural network analysis and social network analysis were used. The nodes representative of human and economic capital have a protective role of low relevance due to their position in the network, while the nodes of social capital acquire a structural relevance due to the central positions of the network. It is concluded that the structural social capital of neighborhood networks constitutes the main protective factor for sexual violence in all areas, and in turn, the structural social capital of networks with non-significant others was the main risk factor in sexual victimization.

Introduction The Occupational Therapy profession is adaptable and flexible (Thorner (1991) and these characteristics have the potential to act as protective factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the mechanisms that support coping during adversity can help promote future wellbeing. The aim of this study was to explore how Occupational Therapy staff felt and coped during the first peak of the pandemic. Method A questionnaire was developed to explore the experiences of Occupational Therapy staff during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The questions explored feelings, mechanisms of support and challenges to both practice and wellbeing. A total of 75 staff responded across one NHS Health Board and reflections were analysed using inductive content analysis. Findings Staff reflected on how their ability to adapt and remain flexible were protective factors. This combined with supportive family members, friends and colleagues led respondents to reflect on how well they coped. Barriers to coping included organisational challenges, personal challenges and professional challenges. Conclusion The importance of consistent communication, the need for staff to remain connected to their profession and the importance of engaging in meaningful occupations were highlighted as key to maintaining wellbeing during adversity.

AbstractAdolescents who have experienced adversity have an increased likelihood of using substances. This study examined if individual-, family-, school-, and community-level protective factors were associated with a decreased likelihood of substance use. Data from the Well-Being and Experiences Study (the WE Study) collected from 2017 to 2018 were used. The sample was adolescents aged 14 to 17 years (N = 1002) from Manitoba, Canada. Statistical methods included descriptive statistics and logistic regression models. The prevalence of past 30-day substance use was 20.5% among boys and 29.2% among girls. Substance use was greater among adolescent girls compared to boys. Protective factors associated with an increased likelihood of not using substances included knowing culture or language, being excited for the future, picturing the future, sleeping 8 to 10 h per night (unadjusted models only), participating in non-sport activity organized by the school, having a trusted adult in the family, frequent hugs from parent, parent saying “I love you” (unadjusted models only), eating dinner together every day, mother and father understanding adolescent’s worries and problems, being able to confide in mother and father, feeling close to other students at school, having a trusted adult at school, feeling a part of school, having a trusted adult in the community (unadjusted models only), volunteering once a week or more, and feeling motivated to help and improve one’s community. Knowledge of protective factors related to decreased odds of substance use may help inform strategies for preventing substance use and ways to foster resilience among adolescents.