integrable systems
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In this paper, the physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are applied to high-dimensional system to solve the [Formula: see text]-dimensional initial-boundary value problem with [Formula: see text] hyperplane boundaries. This method is used to solve the most classic (2+1)-dimensional integrable Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation and (3+1)-dimensional reduced KP equation. The dynamics of (2+1)-dimensional local waves such as solitons, breathers, lump and resonance rogue are reproduced. Numerical results display that the magnitude of the error is much smaller than the wave height itself, so it is considered that the classical solutions in these integrable systems are well obtained based on the data-driven mechanism.

Abstract We study tetrahedron maps, which are set-theoretical solutions to the Zamolodchikov tetrahedron equation, and Yang–Baxter maps, which are set-theoretical solutions to the quantum Yang–Baxter equation. In particular, we clarify the structure of the nonlinear algebraic relations which define linear (parametric) tetrahedron maps (with nonlinear dependence on parameters), and we present several transformations which allow one to obtain new such maps from known ones. Furthermore, we prove that the differential of a (nonlinear) tetrahedron map on a manifold is a tetrahedron map as well. Similar results on the differentials of Yang–Baxter and entwining Yang–Baxter maps are also presented. Using the obtained general results, we construct new examples of (parametric) Yang–Baxter and tetrahedron maps. The considered examples include maps associated with integrable systems and matrix groups. In particular, we obtain a parametric family of new linear tetrahedron maps, which are linear approximations for the nonlinear tetrahedron map constructed by Dimakis and Müller-Hoissen [9] in a study of soliton solutions of vector Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equations. Also, we present invariants for this nonlinear tetrahedron map.

This paper presents several types of Johnson–Tzitzeica theorems. Graph diagrams are used in this analysis. A symmetric scheme is derived, and new results are obtained and open problems stated. We also present results relating the graphs and the Yang–Baxter equation. This equation has certain symmetries, which are used in finding solutions for it. All these constructions are related to integrable systems.

The existence of decomposition solutions of the well-known nonlinear BKP hierarchy is analyzed. It is shown that these decompositions provide simple and interesting relationships between classical integrable systems and the BKP hierarchy. Further, some special decomposition solutions display a rare property: they can be linearly superposed. With the emphasis on the case of the fifth BKP equation, the structure characteristic having linear superposition solutions is analyzed. Finally, we obtain similar superposed solutions in the dispersionless BKP hierarchy.

Abstract In this article, we consider integrable systems on manifolds endowed with symplectic structures with singularities of order one. These structures are symplectic away from a hypersurface where the symplectic volume goes either to infinity or to zero transversally, yielding either a $b$-symplectic form or a folded symplectic form. The hypersurface where the form degenerates is called critical set. We give a new impulse to the investigation of the existence of action-angle coordinates for these structures initiated in [34] and [35] by proving an action-angle theorem for folded symplectic integrable systems. Contrary to expectations, the action-angle coordinate theorem for folded symplectic manifolds cannot be presented as a cotangent lift as done for symplectic and $b$-symplectic forms in [34]. Global constructions of integrable systems are provided and obstructions for the global existence of action-angle coordinates are investigated in both scenarios. The new topological obstructions found emanate from the topology of the critical set $Z$ of the singular symplectic manifold. The existence of these obstructions in turn implies the existence of singularities for the integrable system on $Z$.