conflict of interest
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The subject. The article is devoted to conflictology as one of the most relevant, almost significant, debatable problems in law theory, legal sciences, political science, philosophy, psychology and economics. The author analyzes specific examples of conflicts of interest in various corruption spheres and manifestations, for example, in the sphere of participation of economic actors in the procurement announced by state and municipal authorities.The purpose of the article is to identify the nature of conflicts of interest as the basis of corruption.The methodology. The author uses comparisons of common and private, cause and effect, patterns and randomness, content and form, essence and phenomenon, the transition of quantity into quality, as well as the methods of sociology and psychology.The main results, scope of application. The article analyzes the relationship between corruption and nepotism. The article discusses legal and moral ways to prevent conflict, the role of ethical standards in conflict prevention, regulatory framework for preventing and settling them, the ratio of conflict of interest and employee qualifications, balance of material and personal interest, Commissions to prevent conflicts of interest, guaranteeing the role of writing notice of a conflict of interest, Features of the notification procedure, moral means of preventing and resolve conflicts of interest. Exclusively legal methods are insufficient to prevent and eliminate conflicts of interest and corruption-related risks. A combination of legal and moral measures is necessary, and most importantly, the exclusion of kinship and other forms of nepotism in the formation of government bodies and the appointment of officials, the hiring of state and municipal employees. It is necessary to exclude formalism from the institution of competitive selection of civil servants.Conclusions. The elimination of the contradictions between some federal anti-corruption laws has much less effect on the state of corruption in the state than the flourishing nepotism. The exercise of official functions takes place in the form of law enforcement: if there is no application of the law – there is no corruption. The main emphasis should be directed to the process of forming the apparatus of state and municipal authorities, employees of state and municipal institutions, primarily in the educational sphere, on which the upbringing of new generations of employees depends, the steady observance of high professional and moral requirements imposed on state and municipal employees and teachers in schools and universities.

This chapter presents an overview of the quantity and quality of clinical research in CAM and publication bias. Descriptive studies and their systematic reviews on CAM, e.g., prevalence and reasons for CAM use, have been widely conducted worldwide. The findings of the efficacy of herbal medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture for treating various illnesses, have been highly published. Publications of CAM safety are limited. A number of clinical studies of CAM in treating kidney diseases were lower than other illnesses. Studies of Ayurveda and other CAMs are still lacking. The quality of CAM publications is described based on systematic reviews of assessing CAM publications. Publication bias is explained in terms of selective publications and location bias, language bias and conflict of interest. The mainstream journals are more likely to publish positive findings. Predatory open access and recommendations for assessing predatory journals are addressed in this chapter.

The best way in an effort to manage investment is by transplanting, adopting laws, harmonization by making breakthroughs to existing regulations, such as in the case of implementing the Job Creation Law. The Omnibus Law offered by the government as a “practical and pragmatic” solution is a political and legal policy to cut various regulatory barriers, to simplify bureaucracy, to accelerate services, to increase efficiency, to increase competitiveness, and to prevent opportunities for corrupt behavior. The government must evaluate this law (Job Creation) where there is still overlap without regard to regulations. The statement of the problem in this scientific paper is why there is a conflict of interest and regulations that are not in accordance with the laws and regulations? As normative juridical research, this research is based on an analysis of legal norms. The Omnibus Law is a political product. In the process of its discussion, the law resulted from a political process. The government must evaluate this law (Job Creation) where in the process of making it there is still overlap without regard to regulations.

Coordination of KPK prosecution duties as stated in Article 12A of Law no. 19 of 2019 amending Law No. 30 of 2002 concerning the Commission for the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption, or Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) raises concerns because it creates dependence on other institutions and certainly reduces the independence of the KPK institution. As for some of the problems that need to be known from the existence of this coordination concept, among others: (1) the coordination can be directed towards the form of KPK's subordination to the prosecutor's institution; (2) coordination makes the confidentiality of data held by the KPK not maintained; (3) this coordination is very prone to conflict of interest with the prosecutor's office; (4) this coordination also raises concerns that rotten politics in the resolution of corruption cases may occur. The author uses independence principle analysis. The type of research used in compiling this paper is normative or doctrinal legal research. The research shows that coordination can be done using clear boundaries. First, coordination is still allowed to the extent that it is possible to combine cases that the KPK may not handle. Second, coordination can also be carried out in the event of merging a corruption case that is not the authority of the KPK. Third, the coordination also can be done in the case of the concurrent events. Fourth, the coordination is only related to procedural law.

Since the reform process began in 1998, there has been a previously centralistic change of the system towards decentralization. With this principle, the authority of the central government partly began to be handed over to the local government with the principle of regional autonomy. The region has the authority to organize its own household with the aim to be able to develop the potential of the area owned. This principle opens the need for the region to expand the region by dismantling the New Autonomous Region (DOB). However, after the formation of DOB began to arise problems related to the affirmation of unfinished regional boundaries. In its rules 5 years after the Regional Formation Law was established, the regional boundaries must be completed immediately, but in reality many exceed more than 5 years. This is due to the conflict of interest from each region so that a coordination is needed between the central and regional governments in the efforts of the boundary affirmation process in Indonesia. One example that can be raised is the Boundary Between Merauke Regency and Boven Digoel district of Papua Province. The success of this coordination process requires a firm commitment from the stakeholders involved in it. In addition, the Central Government (Minister of Home Affairs) who applies as a leader (leader) must also be able to influence others; motivating others; provide accurate information; And be able to make wise decisions

<p><strong>Aim.</strong> To compare complications and outcomes in the postoperative period with two different methods for correcting total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.</p><p><strong>Methods. </strong>In this pilot, two-centre, simple, blind, prospective randomised study, the patients’ quality of life after correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in infancy was evaluated using the sutureless (n = 20) and conventional repair methods (n = 20) in 40 patients. The overall mortality and complications in the mid-term were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results.</strong> The average follow-up was 15 (13; 16) months. Mortality was noted only in the conventional repair group, amounting to 5 (25%) patients (p = 0.018). Severe obstruction of the pulmonary veins anastomosis was also noted only in the conventional repair group (n = 8, 40%; p = 0.0013). Infectious endocarditis was observed in one (6.6%) patient in the conventional repair group (p = 0.42). Arrhythmias were present in 4 (26.6%) patients in the conventional repair group (p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> The rates of obstruction of the pulmonary vein anastomosis, arrhythmias and death depend on the method of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection correction. The sutureless repair reduces the incidence of early and mid-term postoperative complications compared to conventional repair.</p><p>Received 16 March 2021. Revised 8 June 2021. Accepted 11 June 2021.</p><p><strong>Funding:</strong> The study did not have sponsorship.</p><p><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p><p><strong>Contribution of the authors<br /> </strong>Conception and study design: Yu.N. Gorbatykh, A.V. Bogachev-Prokophiev, M.V. Plotnikov<br /> Data collection and analysis: M.V. Plotnikov, M.G. Galstyan, D.G. Tarasov<br /> Statistical analysis: M.V. Plotnikov<br /> Drafting the article: M.V. Plotnikov, Yu.N. Gorbatykh<br /> Critical revision of the article: I.A. Soynov<br /> Final approval of the version to be published: M.V. Plotnikov, Yu.N. Gorbatykh, A.N. Аrkhipov, M.G. Galstyan, A.V. Bogachev-Prokophiev, D.G. Tarasov, I.A. Soynov</p>

<p>Heart tumours account for approximately 0.2 % of all tumours: of these, approximately 75 % of all primary heart tumours are benign and 50 % of them are myxomas. Further, myxomas make up 0.0017 % of the general population of patients with cardiovascular disease. Biatrial myxomas, i.e. tumours in both the left and right atria, can be in the form of a ‘butterfly’ or a ‘dumbbell’, and account for &lt; 1 % of all cardiac myxomas. Here we describe the successful surgical management of a rare case of a large biatrial myxoma and concomitant atrioventricular valve insufficiency. Briefly, 2D transthoracic echocardiography findings included an end-diastolic volume of 90 ml, an end-systolic volume of 40 ml and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 55 % (according to Simpson). The fibrous ring of the mitral valve measured 36 mm with a regurgitation degree of 2 while the fibrous ring of the tricuspid valve was 42 mm in size and the regurgitation grade was 3. Lesion size in the cavity of the left and right atrium were 73 × 38 mm and 80 × 42 mm, respectively. These neoplasia were surgically removed under peripheral cardiopulmonary bypass, hypothermia and cold cardioplegia (Custodiol). The myxomas were accessed through the right atrium, according to Giradon and were resected without defragmentation. Next, mitral valve plasty using a soft support ring and annuloplasty of the tricuspid valve were performed according to de Vega. The duration of artificial circulation was 150 minutes and that of myocardial ischaemia was 100 minutes. The patient was extubated 11 hours after surgery, spent 22 hours in the intensive care unit and was discharged on the 14th day after surgery. Surgical resection of biatrial myxomas before the development of serious irreversible or life-threatening complications can provide rapid symptomatic relief in congestive heart failure.</p><p>Received 30 May 2021. Revised 22 August 2021. Accepted 23 August 2021.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>The study did not have sponsorship.</p><p><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> Authors declare no conflict of interest.</p><p><strong>Contribution of the authors<br /> </strong>Literature review: T.A. Simonyan<br /> Drafting the article: T.A. Simonyan, I.M. Tsiskaridze<br /> Critical revision of the article: T.A. Simonyan, I.Yu. Farulova, E.A. Babajanyan<br /> Surgical treatment: I.I. Scopin, I.M. Tsiskaridze<br /> Final approval of the version to be published: T.A. Simonyan, I.I. Scopin, I.M. Tsiskaridze, I.Yu. Farulova, E.A. Babajanyan</p>