melanocytic nevi
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<b><i>Background:</i></b> The quantitative and qualitative presence of melanocytic nevi is considered a significant risk factor for melanoma. Little is known whether patients showing any of the recognized global dermoscopic nevus patterns might also be considered at increased risk for the disease. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> We aimed to investigate the frequency of global dermoscopic patterns of common nevi among melanoma patients and compare them to controls, as well as the dermoscopic patterns of atypical nevi between the groups. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We included consecutive melanoma patients and age- and sex-matched controls who presented to our Department with at least 10 melanocytic nevi. Total body examination was performed, and all nevi had their dermoscopic pattern described. Global dermoscopic patterns of nevi were compared between groups, as well as atypical nevus patterns. Finally, nevus patterns were stratified by their location and also compared between groups. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We included 120 melanoma patients and 120 controls. Melanoma patients presented a larger number of common (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and atypical melanocytic nevi (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and more variability of dermoscopic nevus patterns (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). No difference in the global dermatoscopic pattern of common nevi was observed between groups. The complex pattern of atypical nevi was associated with melanoma (OR = 2.87). Melanoma patients also showed more common nevi with a reticular pattern on the back (<i>p</i> = 0.014) and lower limbs (<i>p</i> = 0.041) as well as atypical nevi on the back with reticular pattern (<i>p</i> = 0.01), with reticular-homogeneous pattern (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and with reticular-globular pattern (<i>p</i> = 0.048) than controls. Nevi with multifocal pigmentation were also more frequent among melanoma patients (OR = 2.61). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Melanoma patients tend to present a higher number of common reticular nevi on the back and lower limbs, as well as atypical nevi with a complex pattern, especially reticular, reticular-homogeneous, and reticular-globular on the back.

Abstract Purpose: Melanocytic nevi in lymph nodes (NNs) are an important histological differential diagnosis of initial sentinel lymph node (SN) metastasis in melanoma. Our aim was to associate NN in SNs with clinicopathologic features and survival rates in 1 250 patients with SN biopsy for melanoma. Methods: To compare patients with present and absent NN, we used Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and multivariate logistic regression models in this retrospective observational study based on a prospectively maintained institutional database.Results: NN prevalence in axillary, cervical, and groin SNs was 16.5%, 19.4%, and 9.8%, respectively. NN were observed in combination with all growth patterns of melanoma, but more frequently when the primary was histologically associated with a cutaneous nevus. We observed a decreasing NN prevalence with increasing SN metastasis diameter. Multiple logistic regression determined a significantly increased NN probability for SNs of the neck or axilla, for individuals with ≥50 cutaneous nevi, midline primary melanomas, and for individuals who reported non-cutaneous malignancies in their parents. Cancer in parents was also significantly more frequently reported by melanoma patients who had more than 50 cutaneous nevi. In SN-negative patients, NN indicated a tendency for slightly lower melanoma-specific survival.Conclusions: We found a highly significant association between NN diagnosis and multiple cutaneous nevi and provided circumstantial evidence that cutaneous nevi in the drainage area of lymph nodes are particularly important. The trend toward lower melanoma-specific survival in SN-negative patients with NN suggests that careful differentiation of SN metastases is important.

Abstract Background Giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMNs) are melanotic lesion present at birth, which often cause severe psychological and financial burden to patients and their families.However, the pathogenes is still unclear. Objective We aim to identify key genes and biological processes that related to the development of GCMN. Methods We sequenced ten pairs of GCMN tissues and adjacent normal tissues by high-throughput RNA-seq, then used GO and KEGG analysis to find inportment pathways, and used MCODE,Cluego and Cytohubba plugin of Cytoscape software to identify hub genes. Results A total of 1163 differentially expressed genes were identified. 29 BPs, 18 CCs, and 17 MFs were significantly enriched in GO analysis and no pathway was significantly enriched in KEGG analysis. PPI Visual Network consisted of 779 nodes and 2359 edges,which was be divided into 25 functional modules by MCODE. We discovered most of the hub genes were located in module 5,and the top 3 hub genes (PTGS2,EGF,SOX10) in module 5 were involved in GO and KEGG enrichment pathways --“Arachidonic acid metabolism”,”glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process”,”developmental pigmentation” respectively. Conclusion PTGS2, EGF and SOX10 are thought to be the three most important hub genes and may play essential roles in the development of GCMN.

A pediatric dermatology expert working group performed a narrative review to describe care related to congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) in neonates and infants. There are no published guidelines for most aspects of care, including routine skin care and visit intervals. Few guidelines exist for surgical management; newer recommendations favor conservative practice. Emerging evidence contributes to recommendations for screening MRI to evaluate for neural melanosis and related central nervous system complications, however, more research is needed. Risk for melanoma is generally low, but those with large, giant, or multiple CMN have a higher risk. Multidisciplinary care, with a focus on family and patient preferences, is of paramount importance. Without standardized screening and management guidelines, questions abound regarding appropriate physical examination intervals, potential treatment including full or partial excision, timing and frequency of imaging, melanoma risk, and assessment for neural melanosis. This review highlights the current state of knowledge concerning care of patients with CMN, reveals gaps in the literature surrounding skin care, and provides management recommendations. We additionally discuss cutaneous complications of CMN, such as pruritus, hypertrichosis, and wound healing. Resources and references for families and providers can help patients navigate this sometimes challenging diagnosis. Finally, we contribute expert care recommendations to the current body of literature as a foundation for the development of future, more comprehensive care guidelines.