shoreline changes
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The use of Digital Shoreline Analysis System was used to determine shoreline changes in Ikoli River, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. Shoreline data were extracted from satellite imagery over thirty years (1991-2021). The basis of this study is to use Digital Shoreline Analysis System to determine erosion and accretion areas. The result reveals that the average erosion rate in the study area is 1.16 m/year and the accretion rate is 1.62 m/year along the Ikoli River in Ogbogoro Community in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. The mean shoreline length is 5.24 km with a baseline length of 5.2 km and the area is classified into four zones to delineate properly area of erosion and accretion based on the five class of Linear regression rate, endpoint rate and weighted linear rate of which zone I contain very high erosion and high erosion with an area of landmass 255449.93 m2 of 38%, zone II contain moderate accretion, very high accretion and high accretion with a land area of 1666816.46 m2 with 24%, zone III has very high erosion and high erosion with an area of landmass 241610.85 m2 of 34 % and zone IV contain moderate accretion and high accretion with land area 30888.08 m2 with 4%. Out of the four zones, zone I and II were found to be eroding with 72% and zone II and IV contain accretion with 28%. The result shows that 44% of the area have been eroded. Therefore, coastal engineers, planners, and shoreline zone management authorities can use DSAS to create more appropriate management plans and regulations for coastal zones and other coastal parts of the state with similar geographic features.

Port of Klaipėda is situated in a complex hydrological system, between the Curonian Lagoon and the Baltic Sea, at the Klaipėda strait in the South-Eastern part of the Baltic Sea. It has almost 300 m of jetties separating the Curonian Spit and the mainland coast, interrupting the main path of sediment transport through the South-Eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. Due to the Port of Klaipėda reconstruction in 2002 and the beach nourishment project, which was started in 2014, the shoreline position change tendency was observed. Shoreline position measurements of various periods can be used to derive quantitative estimates of coastal process directions and intensities. These data can be used to further our understanding of the scale and timing of shoreline changes in a geological and socio-economic context. This study analyzes long- and short-term shoreline position changes before and after the Port of Klaipėda reconstruction in 2002. Positions of historical shorelines from various sources were used, and the rates (EPR, NSM, and SCE) of shoreline changes have been assessed using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS). An extension of ArcGIS K-means clustering was applied for shoreline classification into different coastal dynamic stretches. Coastal development has changed in the long-term (1984–2019) perspective: the eroded coast length increased from 1.5 to 4.2 km in the last decades. Coastal accumulation processes have been restored by the Port of Klaipėda executing the coastal zone nourishment project in 2014.

Shoreline changes are crucial for assessing human-ecosystem interactions in coastal environments. They are a valuable tool for determining the environmental costs of socioeconomic growth along coasts. In this research, we present an assessment of shoreline changes along the eastern coast of Lahou-Kpanda of the Ivory Coast during the period from 1980 to 2020 by applying Digital Shoreline Analysis System method using Landsat Data Series. The measurement of the shoreline dynamics of the Lahou-Kpanda coastline is mainly described in three parts: the west straight cordon, the dynamics at the mouth and the east straight cordon. The findings show a drastic reduction in natural shorelines. The greatest transition occurred along the mouth segment of the coast, where the average erosive velocity approaches 90 meters each year and the average distance has decreased by around 2 kilometers. The Ivory Coast lost more than 40% of its biological shorelines between 1980 and 2020, according to this report, a worrying development because these are regions that were once biologically abundant and highly rich. In general, human operations on the Ivory Coast’s shorelines have never had such an impact. The effects of these changes on habitats, as well as the vulnerability of new shoreline investments to increased human activity and sea-level rise, must be measured.

Abstract The beach profile survey in the intertidal zone is crucial for a temporal variability study of shoreline and beach profile change for coastal management. The combination of numerical modelling and field data has proven to be successful in identifying the primary hydrodynamic and sediment transport processes such as littoral and cross-shore drift. Those parameters are relevant to the sandbar migration process and shoreline changes. The purpose of the present study is to analyse the littoral drift that caused temporal variability shoreline change in mesotidal beach for coastal retreat mitigation. Beach profile data of Kuta Beach was analyzed by 7 years of long-term field observation data both east monsoon and west monsoon situation. The shoreline definition used mean sea level (MSL)1.3 m and high water level (HWL) 2.6 m as reference. By using the MeEPASoL program as a graphical user interface program, shoreline changes converging to an equilibrium state can be simulated by taking into account the existing breakwater. Temporal shoreline position resulting from littoral drift and beach width change from its initial position is estimated for coastal erosion analysis. The result showed that dominantly, the littoral drift pattern moved from south to north. Furthermore, this study can be used in the process of identifying the primary hydrodynamic analysis in erosion disaster management as assessment of the beach erosion.

The research focuses on using Sentinel-2 that can be integrated with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) as an effective tool for the determination of changes in the riverbanks and using linear regression to predict shoreline changes. The research applied the assessment of shoreline changes in the period of 2015- 2020 and forecast to 2025 in Laigiang river of the South Central Coast region of Vietnam. Based on the DSAS tool, parameters such as Shoreline Change Envelope (SCE), Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), End Point Rate (EPR) and Linear Regression Rate (LRR) were determined. The analysis results show that the accretion process in the Laigiang river in the period of 2015-2020 with the accretion area ranges from 81.47 ha. Meanwhile, the area of shoreline erosion only fluctuates around 54.42 ha. The rhythm of evolution is a determinant element for this transitional system.

<p>Banyuwangi Regency has a coastline of 175.8 kilometers, stretching from Meru Betiri National Park to Baluran National Park. Coastline changes occur due to human activities, abrasion and sedimentation due to climate change and global warming. Research to identify and predict changes in the coastline of Banyuwangi Regency due to climate change using GRASS QGIS in 2025. The results of predictions of shoreline changes in Banyuwangi Regency are located in Pang Pang Bay, Muncar District and Tegaldelimo District. In Banyuwangi Sub-district on Cacalan Beach, Cemara Beach and Marina Boom Beach, and on the southern coast of Banyuwangi in Purwoharjo District, namely Grajagan Beach, and in Pesanggaran District on Red Island Beach. Recommendations for mitigating shoreline changes with sandy and swampy beach types in addition to the application of ecotourism principles are also the implementation of wind barriers, mangrove rehabilitation, seawall construction, or TetraPOT. Vegetative and mechanical conservation efforts are a strong combination in natural and artificial defense from marine abrasion attacks.</p>