robust model predictive control
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This paper introduces a robust model predictive controller (MPC) to operate an automatic voltage regulator (AVR). The design strategy tends to handle the uncertainty issue of the AVR parameters. Frequency domain conditions are derived from the Hermite–Biehler theorem to maintain the stability of the perturbed system. The tuning of the MPC parameters is performed based on a new evolutionary algorithm named arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA), while the expert designers use trial and error methods to achieve this target. The stability constraints are handled during the tuning process. An effective time-domain objective is formulated to guarantee good performance for the AVR by minimizing the voltage maximum overshoot and the response settling time simultaneously. The results of the suggested AOA-based robust MPC are compared with various techniques in the literature. The system response demonstrates the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed strategy with low control effort against the voltage variations and the parameters’ uncertainty compared with other techniques.

With the integration of Renewable Energy Resources (RERs), the Day-Ahead (DA) scheduling for the optimal operation of the integrated Isolated Microgrids (IMGs) may not be economically optimal in real time due to the prediction errors of multiple uncertainty sources. To compensate for prediction error, this paper proposes a Robust Model Predictive Control (RMPC) based on an interval prediction approach to optimize the real-time operation of the IMGs, which diminishes the influence from prediction error. The rolling optimization model in RMPC is formulated into the robust model to schedule operation with the consideration of the price of robustness. In addition, an Online Learning (OL) method for interval prediction is utilized in RMPC to predict the future information of the uncertainties of RERs and load, thereby limiting the uncertainty. A case study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed with the better matching between demand and supply compared with the traditional Model Predictive Control (MPC) method and Hard Charging (HC) method.