awareness program
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Background: “Chronic Kidney Disease” also known as a chronic renal failure, is one of the major health problems today. And infection is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease, contributing around 30–36% of deaths among patients on dialysis. Overall, this condition is a threat to the life of the patients, hence to improve in the patient’s condition on dialysis and renal replacement therapy is a must. Here, early vaccination becomes must as primary treatment modalities to prevent the patients from communicable diseases like Hepatitis-B, Influenza, Pneumococcal diseases. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of the awareness program on selected vaccinations among chronic kidney disease patients. Methodology: Quasi experimental one group pre-test post-test research design will be used in this study and samples will be chronic kidney disease patients. Non probability purposive sampling technique will be used to select the samples. This research study included 100 chronic kidney disease patients of selected hospitals in Vidarbha region. Samples must select according to requirements for inclusion and exclusion criteria. For this study, Age between 18 to 65 years above, both male and female, Chronic kidney disease patients attending Nephrology and Medicine OPD/IPD and admitted patients in selected hospitals in Vidarbha region, able to read and write Marathi or Hindi, Willing to participate in study, available during data collection. Expected Results:  1. To access this information for educating and change the attitude of patients regarding selected vaccination among chronic kidney disease patients. And understand the importance of vaccination before the onset of dialysis and renal transplantation. Conclusion: Conclusion will be drawn from the statistical analysis.

Value added tax (VAT) is indirect sources of revenue collection of nation. It has been the most essential choice like our developing countries, Nepal. Which leads to revenue enhancement and sustainable economic development. As VAT was an emerging concept in Nepal, a comprehensive taxpayer education program was launched to impart knowledge regarding the various aspects of VAT to parliamentarians, industrialists, businessmen, consumers as well related society. The study used descriptive and survey research design. Data were collected through questionnaires. Statistical tools were used to make a proper analysis. It is found that 20% businessmen and 33.33% consumers are not aware that the Government of Nepal  is levying VAT on all kind of products, 36% consumers are not aware of the fact that you pay VAT whenever you purchase any product, 88 % of the total respondents knowledge on earning from VAT is a major source of revenue for  Government, only 44 % response  of respondents  are  in favor of billing system, 33.33% consumer are not aware about existing rate of VAT in Nepal, 44% consumers specify the other problem in the present VAT implementation  except VAT collection ,VAT refund and registration.  Most of them ask for tax invoice to get the authenticity of sellers. VAT must be successful and this largely depends upon the public awareness, honesty, faith and morality of tax officials and the business community. There is a need for willpower and action. It is also found that public awareness program and tax education play prime role to increase the VAT revenue in Nepal. The finding of this study is majority of Tax expert and businessmen are aware about VAT system but the training and awareness program is essential.

Objective: Evidence suggests the increased prevalence of diabetes among South Asian (SA) adolescents is due to their genetic risk profile. The South Asian Adolescent Diabetes Awareness Program (SAADAP) is a pilot intervention for SA youth in Canada with a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We sought to investigate changes in (1) diabetes knowledge and associated risk factors, (2) risk perception and (3) health behaviours among adolescents participating in SAADAP. Design: One-group pre-test, post-test design informed by a commitment to community-based participatory research (CBPR). Setting: Sixty-eight adolescents aged 13–17 years with a family history of T2DM participated in SAADAP in a clinical-community setting in Canada. Method: Pre–post questionnaires were administered to evaluate diabetes knowledge and associated risk factors, risk perceptions and health behaviours. Analyses were restricted to 49 participants who attended at least four diabetes education sessions. Results: The mean age of adolescents was 14.5 years, and 57.1% self-identified as girls. The difference in knowledge about the definition, symptoms and complications of T2DM from baseline to post-intervention was 3.32 out of 21 ( p < .001) among SA youth. There was significant increase in learning about diabetes risk factors ( p < .001) from baseline to post-intervention. Almost 60% of participants exhibited no change in their risk perception after intervention. Approximately two-thirds of the participants self-reported positive changes in health behaviours after completing the programme. Conclusion: SAADAP showed promising outcomes in raising knowledge and improving health behaviours in SA adolescents with a family history of diabetes. Larger controlled trials with longer follow-up are recommended to support and expand on the current findings.

Background: Cancer is one of the main life-threatening disease among all diseases. Besides a large number of care efforts dedicated to this disease in the health system, cancer also imposes high costs on society. Aim of the Study: To evaluate the effectiveness of awareness program on self care management among patients undergoing radiotherapy. Methods: In this, study participants are a head and neck cancer patient, Interventional approach, The one group pre-test and post-test design. The head and neck cancer patient having an age group of more than 20 years will be included as per inclusion/exclusion criteria. The efficacy of the awareness program on management of self care in undergoing radiotherapy patients will be assessed by a structured knowledge questionnaire and perception questionnaire on radiotherapy. Each test having 20 items and the duration of the test will be 20 min. The pre-test will be assessed first day then the informational booklet on self care management undergoing radiotherapy will be provided to each patient and after seven days post-test will be assessed. Expected Outcome: Primary outcomes include evaluation of the efficacy of awareness on self care management in patients undergoing radiotherapy. Secondary outcomes involve Association of  Knowledge and perception score related to management of self care among radiotherapy receiving patients related to their demographic variable. Conclusion: The study will be drawn from the results and after that article will be published in the peer-review journal.