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The global and Indonesia energy trend is heading to process of transitioning from fossil fuel to renewable energy (decarbonization) in the purpose of reducing Green House Gas (GHG) effects. Industries as one of the biggest contributors of emission generator expected to participate in this effort, where fuel and electricity play significant roles in running the operation. Many businesses try to participate and state their commitment on this energy transition initiative by increasing the portion of renewable energy within their operation. Meanwhile, business have several uncertainties’ on how the renewable energy will be acquired and will this renewable energy options be available at the time they need it. Campur Plc. (CP) through its subsidiary in Indonesia, PT. Campur Ilmiah (PT. CI) has targeted the entity to reduce 50% of the emission by 2030 with the baseline of 2018, which align with corporate target of 46.2% of emission reduction globally. Uncertainties on achieving this target generated from external and internal factors, and not to forget how to sustainably maintain the achievement. The location of PT.CI in industrial estate need to be considered as limitation because the power and energy supply are regulated. The accessibility, availability and affordability of renewable energy are expected to be handled by the government, industrial estate or other third party in energy business, but the phasing and the achievement up to now has not shown a promising progress. As a business, PT.CI need to have a strategic planning on this energy transition to support the global target as well as shown a positive investment climate in Indonesia. There are four (4) scenarios has been developed and each of the scenarios are explored to identify alternative and possible strategies to still be able achieving the target and how the organization manage these changes. As the conclusion of this research, four (4) strategic imperatives are defined. This research also might be use as the reference of future planning for the similar industries that have the similar target and type of energy mix.

The article explores potential energy production quantity from surplus crop resides in the son river watershed. A special focus on the agricultural regions of the Son watershed through an analysis of the real potential of surplus crop residues resource. The emphasis on residues energy greatly significant in current practices and future expectation. The United Nations Development Programme, for example, refers to sustainable development as a fundamental question of our generation's development, which challenges the aspiration to enlighten humanity's collective journey towards a better future. National and international development agencies whose actions are commonly combined in the context of the development of clean renewable energy under the sustainable and clean development mechanism goals. These concerns are based on consensus among scientific and development approaches that global climate change triggers profound shifts in power/energy resources associated with ecological systems that will significant transformation in local and global environment. The most serious impacts of fossil fuel are generally seen to be concentrated among the world's poor and especially those living in the global south. The article also attempts to emphasize the importance of regional perspective and production of crop residue quantities. Crop -based residues resource has several distinct advantages such as wide periodically availability that puts it ahead among the renewable energy options.

The number of green energy options in different fields is growing because of the need for reducing energy consumption and eliminating gas emission. One of these options is the use of eco-friendly cars produced by various manufacturers. Given the many available options and conflicting evaluation criteria, evaluation of such options becomes complex, and different multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches have been used to select the most suitable car in terms of eco-friendly car selection. Previous research has been somewhat limited with respect to consideration of interdependencies between evaluation criteria and multi-levels of preference. This paper proposes a new integrated MCDM approach with the capability for considering interdependent criteria for eco-friendly car evaluation and different levels of preference. An analytic network process (ANP) will be used to evaluate the levels of importance of interdependent criteria, and ELECTRE III will be modeled to include thresholds of preference. The introduced model, based on twenty-eight evaluation criteria, was demonstrated in a case study dealing with five alternative electric and hybrid cars. The results from this model were compared to a traditional decision-making method and better results were obtained from the model. The model can help users make proper decisions regarding their future car options in a comprehensive manner. Sensitivity analysis showed the robustness of the model under different setups.

As a result of rapid financial development and natural disasters, energy efficiency research, and high-quality electricity alternative energy options, as well as efficient electricity sources. In particular, the use of green energy sources has become a hot issue; As a result, distributed electricity supply in the micro grid is the basis for the achievement of the vital objectives of successfully providing the customer with currency and stability. The article proposes a hybrid metaheuristic approach based on the Eagle strategy Technique (ES) and Particular Swarm Optimizing (PSO) Technology, which will minimize low-voltage running costs from a renewable energy source such as an electricity generator, solar panels, wind generators, micro turbines and fuel cells. The cost optimization problem is set up as a nonlinearly constrained problem. In order to maximize distributed generation, a mathematical problem must be solved. The proposed hybrid solution is evaluated on low-voltage micro grids, and its optimal performance is compared to that of other hybrid approaches and variety of other metaheuristic techniques

Pakistan has remained an energy deficient country for the last few decades. The supply of electricity decreased in 2002-2007 against the exponentially increasing demand in Pakistan. In the meantime, severe load shedding was started across Pakistan that negatively affected the economic growth of the country. More than 63% of the population in rural areas live without electricity. The government cut down electricity supply eight to twelve hours per day in terms of load shedding that adversely affects the living standards and economic growth of the nation. In the world, Pakistan stands on 133 regarding ranking in energy consumption. Energy usage per capita in Pakistan is 482 kilograms of oil equivalent per year (kgoe/a) which is very low when compared with the industrialized countries. Besides that Pakistan strongly adheres with non-renewable energy options to mollify its energy demand. The import of fossil fuels to meet energy demand adversely affects the economy of Pakistan. This review helps in the identification of indigenous available biomass resources and their conversion processes for power production to improve power generation, living standards and economy of the country. The application of indigenous biomass resources for electricity generation will reduce the pressure caused by increased demand for energy.

Abstract Objective To assess the price promotions offered by major quick service restaurant (QSR) chains in Australia from an obesity prevention perspective. Design Cross-sectional audit of ten of the largest QSR chains in Australia. We collected information regarding temporary price promotions and ‘combination deals’ offered by each chain over thirteen consecutive weeks in 2019/2020. We assessed the type of promotions, magnitude of discount, and the energy content and healthiness of items promoted (based on Victorian Government criteria). Setting QSR chains operating in Melbourne, Australia. Results Temporary price promotions (n=196) and combination deals (n=537 on regular menus, n=36 on children’s menus) were observed across the ten selected QSRs. In relation to temporary price promotions, the mean magnitude of discount for main menu items (n=75) was 41.7%. The price reductions and energy content of combination deals varied substantially by chain, meal size and the sides/drinks selected as part of the ‘deal’. When the lowest-energy options (e.g., small chips, small sugar-free drink) were included as part of each combination deal, the mean energy content was 2935kJ, compared to 5764kJ when the highest-energy options (e.g., large fries, large sugar-sweetened drink) were included. Almost all available products were classified as unhealthy. Conclusion Price promotions are ubiquitous in major QSR chains in Australia and provide incentives to consume high levels of energy. Action to restrict price promotions on unhealthy foods and ensure lower-energy default items as part of combination deals should be included as part of efforts to improve population diets and address obesity in Australia.

The research aims to study AL Anbar climate potentials from solar radiation, winds and possibility of investing them in the fields of renewable energies as one of the most common source of energy and least cost and more suitable for the production of electric energy, to achieve this goal, follow the analytical method to show the amount of Solar radiation reaching and win speed in the study area, and to know the energy values. mathematical equations related to calculation the amount of solar radiation or wind speed have been adopted and converted in to electrical energy. The research aims to study AL Anbar climate potentials From solar radiation , winds and possibility of investing them in the fields of foreknowable energies as one of the most common sources of energy and least cost and more suitable for the production of electric energy, In addition to edifying the appropriate places to set up renewable energy projects and the most prominent advantages and factors affecting them the research relied on analog zing the data of three climate stations AL – Ramadi – Haditha, AL – Qaim and it is distributed throughout AL Anbar province and represents the entire nature of the prevailing climate in them and with a time span from 1981 – 2014. In AL – Qaim and AL Ramadi, stations and from 1970 – 2014 in Haditha station in light of the information of the governmental department related.

Within a shifting climate of renewable energy options, technology innovations in the energy sector are vital in combating fossil-fuel-driven climate change and economic growth. To enter this market dominated by fossil fuels, renewable energy innovations need to overcome significant barriers related to cost, relative advantages compared to fossil fuels, and policy incentive programs. A better understanding of the innovation diffusion of new technologies in establishing the renewable energy industry can aid policy makers in designing and implementing other renewable energy support programs and improving adoption rates within existing programs. This study assessed industry leaders’ perceptions through semi-structured interviews. We explored the innovation diffusion process of wood pellet residential heating technology, as well as policy needs and barriers within this industry that are hindering successful long-term diffusion and sustainability. We show that while there is high potential to the wood pellet industry in terms of local resources and overall advantages to fossil fuels, it can be difficult to achieve sustainable economic growth with current cost barriers and further policy programs and incentives are needed in addition to improved communication to reduce adoption barriers for wood pellet technology.