desert region
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Fagonia schweinfurthii Hadidi (family zygophyllaceae) is plant of desert region .In Gujarat it is found on the coastal area of Dwarka, Bet Dwarka and Rann of Kachcha. It is locally called dhamasia or dhamaso. Plants parts including leaves, roots, rhizomes, stems, barks, flowers, fruits, grains or seeds which can be employed in the control or treatment of infectious disease which causes damage to the respiratory system, urinary tract, gastrointestinal and bilary systems and on the skin. The plant parts contain chemical components that are medically active. Tribal people living in desert region use this plant to cure number of ailments such as skin eruptions, skin diseases, anti- pyretic, in pain relief, in heal sores, ear infection, venereal diseases etc. In the new era of science and technology there is increasing need to validate the claims of traditional knowledge database for safe, easily available, cheap, side- effect free healthcare provisions. In the present study preliminary phytochemical analysis of plant parts of Fagonia schweinfurthii Hadidi was done by the standard method of Sofowora, 1982; Trease & Evans, 1989 method, which confirms the presence of alkaloids, tannin, saponin, terpinoid and steroids. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography method was developed using mobile phase containing Chloroform: methanol: acetic acid in ratio 70:30:0.2 for detecting phyto-active constituents from the methanolic extracts of the leaf, stem and root of Fagonia schweinfurthii Hadidi. Methanolic extract of Fagonia schweinfurthii Hadidi of leaf, stem, fruit and root detected 8, 8, 7 and 4 numbers of peaks at 254 nm and at 366 nm 10, 12,  13 and 12 numbers of peaks from leaf, stem, fruit and root extract of Fagonia schweinfurthii Hadidi were detected.

We document for the first time the diversity of vascular plants of Chandra Tal and Suraj Tal, two high-altitude wetlands (HAWs) spanning the cold desert region of Lahaul-Spiti, showing the occurrence of 188 species and one variety distributed among 97 genera and 29 families. Only one species, Ephedra intermedia Schrenk & C.A. Mey. is a gymnosperm, and the other 187 species are angiosperms. Of the angiosperms, Asteraceae is the dominant family, consisting of 27 species and one variety in 17 genera. Among the species, six are classified as threatened, 17 species are native, and two species (Eritrichium nanum (L.) Gaudin and Ranunculus trivedii Aswal & Mehrotra) are endemic to the Himalayan region. We provide baseline data for future research on the floristic diversity of two major HAWs of Lahaul-Spiti. We also highlight the importance of HAWs for the conservation of species.

Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of propolis from Saharan region of Morocco. Background: Propolis is known from ancient times for its beneficial action on health. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of Moroccan propolis aqueous extract from the desert region on glycemia and lipid metabolism. Methods: The antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic activities of Moroccan propolis aqueous extract were evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Glycemia was monitored during acute (6h) and subchronic treatments. Histopathological analysis of the liver and the serum lipid profile was also evaluated in addition to the glucose tolerance. Results: This work demonstrated that the aqueous extract of Moroccan propolis exhibited a significant antihyperglycemic effect in diabetic rats. Histopathological data demonstrated that propolis acts positively on the liver of diabetic rats. In addition, the preliminary phytochemical screening revealed that Moroccan propolis contains several phytochemicals. Finally, Moroccan propolis had a potent antioxidant activity which may be due to the richness in polyphenols content (90.91 mg EAG/1 g of extract). Conclusion: The present study shows that Moroccan propolis from the hot desert region possesses a potent antihyperglycemic effect.

Abstract Military remnants in the Al-Muthanna desert are one of the most important risks facing the local population in the desert, due to its presence in large quantities and in large areas and in many types. Climate factors interacted integrated with each other, which led to the burial of many of these wastes. Sometimes wind erosion shows it, and there is a big role for dust storms and air precipitation to hide the war remnants in Al-Muthanna desert, due to the nature of the dry climate in it, which helped in the disintegration of its soil, which makes up most of the surface of the study area. It was also found that there is a large role of rain in burying many wastes, led to its concealment and the difficulty of seeing it with the naked eye, which required the use of explosive detection devices or dogs trained in that to investigate it. As for the casualties caused by the remnants of war, it has been continuous throughout the years (2004-2020), which claimed the lives of many local residents in the Desert, led by the year 2013, when the number of victims was. When studying the distribution of these remnants in the Desert region, it appeared that there are many areas in which war remnants are scattered in large areas, all of which are explosive and dangerous, such as mines, cluster bombs of different types, mortars and artillery. The Busayeh desert took the largest share of the area and the largest amount of war remnants. The research found that there are areas in which there are war remnants that are not registered with the Civil Defense Department in Al-Muthanna Governorate, such as Al-Juyou, Faydat Al-Faris, and Kilo.

As a result of the study, it has been identified that the water temperature in the Kashkadarya River is 18–24 °C, the water clarity is 0.51–0.62 m and the water flow rate is 0.72–0.84 m/sec. The species of bivalve mollusks Sinanodonta gibba, S. orbicularis, S. puerorum, Colletopterum cyreum sogdianum, Corbicula cor, C. fluminalis, C. purpurea, Corbiculina tibetensis, C. ferghanensis are widespread in the region. The abiotic factors discussed in the paper play an important role in the distribution of mollusks. There are 13 species of bivalve mollusks in the mountainous region, which is the head part of the river, 9 species in the middle part of the hill region of the river and 6 species in the lower desert region.