children health
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Background: Children are one of the most important groups at risk of catching the influenza infection. The consequences of influenza in some children, especially children with chronic and underlying diseases, can be very severe and lead to hospitalization. Objective: Purpose of this research was to determine children with influenza and their clinical and laboratory findings in Qazvin children hospital between 2015 to 2020 years. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, epidemiological and clinical finding of children hospitalized due to confirmed influenza were considered. A total of 1468 children with a suspected diagnosis to influenza were included in this study. Then, based on the Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) a total of 229 were confirmed positive to influenza. Statistical analysis was done using software SPSS 23.0, Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) and t-test (p≤0.05). Results: Most of patients (53.7%) were infected with influenza H1N1 type. Most comorbidity was observed with Central Nervous System (CNS) disease and febrile seizure (each one 3.10%). Highest clinical feature was fever (83.4%). Significant relationship was observed between the season (p=0.001), sore in throat (p=0.001), febrile seizure (p=0.051), muscle and joint pain (p=0.059), rhinorrhea (p=0.006) and shiver (p=0.051) and occurrence of influenza. Also 4 children had died from influenza during hospitalization. Conclusion: Children with influenza disease were found in this study. Influenza has some side effects on children health. Due to the irreversible and dangerous effects of the influenza, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment in children is important.

Wildland fires release substantial amounts of hazardous contaminants, contributing to a decline in air quality and leading to serious health risks. Thus, this study aimed to understand the contributions of the 2017 extreme wildland fires in Portugal on children health, compared to 2016 (with burned area, in accordance with the average of the previous 15 years). The impact of long-term exposure to PM10 and NO2 concentrations, associated with wildland fires, on postneonatal mortality, bronchitis prevalence, and bronchitis symptoms in asthmatic children was estimated, as well as the associated costs. The excess health burden in children attributable to exposure to PM10 and NO2, was calculated based on WHO HRAPIE relative risks. Fire emissions were obtained from the Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN). The results obtained indicate that the smoke from wildfires negatively impacts children’s lung function (PM10 exposure: increase of 320 and 648 cases of bronchitis in 2016 and 2017; NO2 exposure: 24 and 40 cases of bronchitis symptoms in asthmatic children in 2016 and 2017) and postneonatal mortality (PM10 exposure: 0.2 and 0.4 deaths in 2016 and 2017). Associated costs were increased in 2017 by around 1 million € for all the evaluated health endpoints, compared to 2016.

ABSTRAKTempat wisata memiliki potensi eksploitasi anak sangat besar mengingat mudahnya wisatawan datang berkunjung. Banyak dari mereka tidak hanya datang berlibur dan melakukan bisnis, ada yang memiliki motif lain salah satunya mengeksploitasi anak secara seksual. Terdapat data anak rentan eksploitasi seksual komersial wilayah Lombok tengah yang mencakup tiga desa (Wajageseng, Kuta, Rembitan) pada tahun 2019 berjumlah 550 orang. Tujuan pengabdian ini untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang kesehatan reproduksi pada anak yang merupakan hasil kaderisasi dari GAGAS Foundation yang fokus menangani masalah ekspolitasi anak di daerah tersebut. Dengan luaran kader dapat melakukan pendidikan kesehatan reproduksi pada setiap anak rentan dan meningkatkan kesadaran mereka terhadap bahaya penyakit menular seksual di daerah wisata. Metode yang digunakan pengukuran tingkat pengetahuan tentang penyakit menular seksual, setelah itu pelatihan sebanyak 3 kali pertemuan, serta pengukuran kembali. Jumlah responden 10 orang. Didapatkan hasil peningkatan   tentang penyakit menular seksual pada anak rentan eksploitasi. Rekomendasi diharapkan dapat menyebarluaskan dan memberikan penjelasan pada anak yang berada diwilayah asalnya dan mampu mengaplikasikan materi yang telah disampaikan dalam kehidupan sehari hari,kepada Instansi Pemerintahan Desa Kuta Lombok Tengah diharapkan dapat memberikan akses pendidikan sehingga pengetahuan anak meningkat dan dapat menurunkan angka kejadian penyakit menular seksual, lebih meningkatkan kesadaran dalam partisipasinya mencegah terjadinya penyakit menular seksual.                                                                                                Kata kunci: anak rentan eksploitasi; pendidikan kesehatan; pengetahuan tentang penyakit  menular seksual ABSTRACTTourism places have large potential for child exploitation considering the ease way of tourists comes to visit. Many of them don't just come on vacation and do business, some have other motives, one of which is sexually exploiting children. There was data on children vulnerable to commercial sexual exploitation at Central Lombok area which includes three villages (Wajageseng, Kuta, Rembitan) in 2019 totaling 550 people. The aimed of this research was to increase the knowledge about reproductive health on children which the result of regeneration from the GAGAS Foundation which focuses on dealing with the problem of child exploitation in that area. With the output of these cadres who carry out the reproductive health education for every vulnerable child and to increase their awareness of the dangers of sexually transmitted diseases on these tourism areas. The method was carried out with measuring the level of knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases, after that conducting training for 3 meetings, and measuring again. the number of respondents were 10 people. Based on the results of the paired sample T test, the result is 0.000 (p < 0.05), which means that there is an increase of knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases on vulnerable exploitation children. Recommendations are expected to be able to disseminate and provide explanations to children who are in their original area and able to apply the material that has been conveyed in daily life, and to Government Agency of Central Lombok, it is hoped that they can provide access to education for children so that children's knowledge increases and can reduce incidence rates. sexually transmitted diseases, increasing awareness on their participation in preventing the occurrence of sexually transmitted diseases. Keywords: vulnerable exploitation children; health education; knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases

Background: Since the initial phases of vaccination campaigns, health authorities across the world have recommended vaccination of children between 15 and 18; and since the summer of 2021, vaccinations of children between 12 and 15 have been recommended. Recently, American and European Health Authorities have approved the use of a vaccine against COVID-19 for children between age 5 and 11. In this article, we ask what predicts parents’ intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. Methods: We use empirical data from a large-scale survey in Denmark about vaccine intentions. The survey included a subsample of 794 parents to children aged 6-15. For this group of parents, we assess key predictors (including demographics, predispositions, vaccine perceptions, and vaccine barriers) of parents’ acceptance of a vaccine for their child against COVID-19. Results: We propose that the vaccine decision follows a stepwise process: demographic variables shape parents’ predispositions, which again shape their specific perceptions of the safety and effectiveness - both in general and for their children - of the particular vaccine. Moreover, we argue that vaccine barriers will moderate this process. Our results demonstrate that parents’ intention to get their children vaccinated against COVID-19 is not driven by considerations regarding the disease of COVID-19 but by considerations of the safety of vaccines and added benefits of vaccination such as normalizing societal and everyday life. The balance of these considerations shift depending on the child's age, with lower acceptance for younger children. Furthermore, the content of considerations are shaped by trust in the health authorities and factual vaccine knowledge. Conclusion: To increase parents' acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine for their children, health authorities should focus on establishing and communicating evidence for the safety of vaccines and the impact of vaccination for their everyday lives.

Dementia is a debilitating disease with wide-reaching impacts. Up to 40% of dementias are estimated to be preventable through modifiable risk factors, which is essential as no disease-modifying treatments are currently available. A literature review was performed using the OVID database, Google Scholar, and following references. Dementia as a key word was combined with the following key words: education, prevention, risk reduction, risk perception, family members, adult children, health promotion, behaviour change, Maori Health, health literacy, healthy aging, behavioural intervention, attitudes, teachable moment, psychoeducation.

Introduction. The unexpected situations (lockdown, online school, social distancing) introduced from March 2020 to stop the spread of COVID-19 in most countries worldwide, have affected every citizen. Currently, after more than a year and a half, one of the most affected categories are the children. There is growing concern among researchers about the pandemic impact on the physical, mental development and health of children. Material and methods. A quantitative research was conducted among parents and their children from a gymnasium school in Bucharest regarding the way they perceive how the pandemic restrictions changed their habits. The research methods used were online, using questionnaires created and applied through Google forms. No sample methods could be applied and about 40% of them responded in pairs parent-child. Results. The results showed that the impact of online schooling is not only about the learning effectiveness, but mostly related to the health and development of children who are at risk from the increased time spent on the Internet. Health issues like sedentary lifestyle, obesity, vision and posture impairment, spine problems have increased, being doubled by psychical and mental disorders: stress, isolation, anxiety, depression, lack of attention and concentration, as well as an increase in the number of children exposed to cyberbullying and other online risks. Conclusions. The study analysis showed that there are differences between parents and children's perceptions of the collateral side effects of the pandemic both on physical and mental health of children.