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Background: The transition from traditional print medium to a digital medium may affect the accommodative response (AR) because of the differences in the characteristics of the targets viewed.Aim: This study investigated how the accommodation system responded to targets displayed on a tablet computer compared to that on paper.Setting: The study was conducted amongst students at a university in South Africa.Methods: Using a quantitative, cross-sectional study the AR, amplitude of accommodation (AA), and accommodative facility (AF) were assessed with a target on an iPad and a paper-based one on a non-probability sample of 30 university students. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and Bland Altman plots.Results: The median AR with a tablet was +0.25 dioptre (D) compared to +0.21 D with the paper-based target. This difference was neither statistically nor clinically significant. The median AA with a tablet computer target was 10.59 D and 9.85 D with a paper-based target. While this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.002), Bland Altman analysis revealed comparable measurements with both types of targets. Both Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test (p = 0.462) and Bland Altman analysis found comparable medians for AF obtained with a target on paper (7.67 cycles per minute [cpm]) and a target on the tablet computer (7.17 cpm) to be comparable.Conclusion: The accuracy, strength and flexibility of accommodation were comparable for tablet computer and paper-based targets.

This Major Research Paper investigates Street Voices Magazine as an instrument and communications tool to engage and empower street youth in Toronto. The following questions guided my study: What are the ways in which Street Voices Magazine gives voice to the marginalized and silenced? Why is Street Voices Magazine an appropriate medium for connecting with street youth? A mixed-method approach was used to analyze the texts and images in three issues of the magazine to determine the effectiveness of the print medium, what these texts and images suggest about the motivations of the contributors, and whether the magazine meets its objective of serving street youth. The study suggests that the transformative potential of the arts, the role of the magazine in fostering in the contributors the identity of an artist, and the lack of other spaces for expression are significant themes that underpin Street Voices Magazine’s appeal and effectiveness. The study also leads to suggestions for further research, which could improve an understanding of this diverse demographic and confirm the impact of Street Voices Magazine.

This Major Research Paper investigates Street Voices Magazine as an instrument and communications tool to engage and empower street youth in Toronto. The following questions guided my study: What are the ways in which Street Voices Magazine gives voice to the marginalized and silenced? Why is Street Voices Magazine an appropriate medium for connecting with street youth? A mixed-method approach was used to analyze the texts and images in three issues of the magazine to determine the effectiveness of the print medium, what these texts and images suggest about the motivations of the contributors, and whether the magazine meets its objective of serving street youth. The study suggests that the transformative potential of the arts, the role of the magazine in fostering in the contributors the identity of an artist, and the lack of other spaces for expression are significant themes that underpin Street Voices Magazine’s appeal and effectiveness. The study also leads to suggestions for further research, which could improve an understanding of this diverse demographic and confirm the impact of Street Voices Magazine.

The marketing instrument of corporate communication, the customer magazine, is presented as a network of texts, subtexts and text types, and reflected against the background of intertextuality research. The customer magazine has a high intertextual potential as a carrier of texts of various journalistic genres. It is a modern marketing print medium, which, if linked with digital applications, acquires a new materiality. The surrounding of a comprehensive semiotic network refers to a further intertextual dimension of the medium.

This article introduces into scholarly circulation documents kept in the funds of the Scientific Research Department of Manuscripts of the RSL and the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art relating to literary, socio-political, and material life of the Russkoye Bogatstvo magazine. Along with documentary evidence of literary activity, these documents serve to clarify human preferences, assessments, relationships, and reveal the internal mechanisms of the editorial life of the magazine. The chronological period which the archival materials date back to (1896–1900) is a landmark in the history of the magazine when it first became a legal print medium of the Narodniks and, second, recovered the cooperative principle of its publication. Finally, during the period in question, the relations between the members of the editorial board began to be regulated progressively. Also, to a greater extent than before, all financial flows that passed through the editorial board started to be regulated legally organising the work of the editorial board which allowed the magazine to continue to exist despite the many difficulties — censorious, political, repressive — it had to face on its long and difficult way to the reader. The materials presented in the article tell about some episodes of the fate of the famous magazine under the changing historical conditions and clarify facts of human, literary, and financial relations in the editorial board, while a brief real commentary restores the historical and literary context of the facts described in these documents. The subject of the published documents is specific circumstances including economic ones of the editorial office of Russkoye Bogatstvo, which until now have rarely been the subject of historical and literary publications and articles.

This paper aims to review the concepts of literacy, multiliteracies, and multimodality in educational settings and their relevance in classroom practice. Literacy has emerged in recent years as an essential concept in the classroom teaching and learning process. With literacy views beyond the conventional print medium, it is important for teachers, educators, and learners to be given a new understanding of multiliteracies pedagogies. This paper also reflects on the development of multiliteracies paradigms. Specifically, it discusses the relevance and potentials of multimodal teaching and learning in dealing with the multiliteracies school learners bring into the classrooms including digital literacies and online literacies. This paper adopted a systematic literature review approach exploring issues and trends related to multiliteracies in the classroom context. The findings indicate that past studies often consider both the multimodality of meaning-making and meaning-recreating as well as different multiliteracies skills learners bring to the classroom. The review presented here addresses multiliteracies pedagogy in classroom teaching that benefits teachers, educators, and learners. Recommendations are made for future multiliteracies studies to strengthen the pedagogical practices in the emerging digital classroom.

Health communication offers an important means for patients to make informed decisions for illness self-management. We assessed how the level of engagement with selected health information at baseline is associated with the adoption and maintenance of lifestyle behaviours at a 5-year follow-up in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Non-engagers were compared to engagers of information delivered online and print (medium), and with engagers who additionally attended a live-in workshop (high). Engagement was assessed against lifestyle behaviours by log-binomial regression. Information engagers had higher education, and were less likely to have severe disability, clinically significant fatigue, or obesity. Medium and high baseline engagement was associated with adopting healthy behaviours for omega 3 supplementation (RR = 1.70; 95%CI: 1.02–2.84), physical activity (RR = 2.16; 95%CI: 1.03–4.55), and dairy non-consumption (RR = 3.98; 95%CI: 1.85–8.56) at 5 years; associations were stronger among high engagers. Only high baseline engagement was associated with maintaining behaviours from baseline to 5 years, specifically for omega-3 (RR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.06–1.49) and vitamin D supplementation (RR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.04–1.54) and dairy non-consumption (RR = 1.47; 95%CI: 1.03–2.10). Health communication that includes face-to-face information delivery and practical tools for implementation in daily living may be optimal for adopting and maintaining lifestyle behaviours in people with MS.

The sixteenth-century Florentine philologist Vincenzo Borghini provides a model for our own examination of the influence of print as we consider the challenges, opportunities and responsibilities of producing digital editions and archives. Briefly examining several emended passages in the 1573 expurgated edition of Boccaccio’s Decameron, the essay turns to Borghini’s reliance in his 1574 Annotationi on his extensive studies of fourteenth-century Italian vernacular in manuscripts and their contrasts with the printed editions of his own day often edited — he fears — simply to sell books. Turning from Borghini’s skepticism to his own editorial work for the 2003–2004 facsimile and commentary, the author reflects upon the failures of his own edition for the print medium and how they led to the founding and development of the Petrarchive’s rich-text edition and commentary. Reflecting on two examples of the representation of the use of space in Petrarch’s medieval holograph possible only a born-digital edition, the essay concludes its brief demonstration of the deep structuring of print in philological thinking as we develop new strategies for digital philology.

The chief purpose of this research article is to examine the Bachelor of Education students’ preferred reading medium, resource and time for their academic purpose. It is based on the cross sectional survey carried out at Makawanpur Multiple Campus, Nepal across the boy and girl students in 2020. The simple random sampling technique, especially lottery method was applied to select 126 students from the population of 185 students. The researcher used a questionnaire regarding the students’ preference and reasons for reading medium, resource and time. The percent statistics show that 70.6% students preferred the print medium and 29.4% students preferred the print medium. The students who preferred teachers’ hand-outs, text books, guide books and solution books were 42.2%, 19.8%, 19.0% and 19.0% respectively. The students who preferred morning time, day time and evening time were 61.1%, 23.8% and 15.1% respectively. The chi-square test of independence between sex and preferred reading medium [ χ2 (1) = 2.391, critical value = 3.841 and p (.122) > .05]; between sex and preferred reading resource [ χ2 (3) = 2.595, critical value = 7.815 and p (.458) > .05]; and between sex and preferred reading time [ χ2 (2) = .620, critical value = 5.991 and p (.733) > .05] show that there was no statistically significant association between sex and preferred reading medium, resource and time.

With more than 1500 pages, this is a massive undertaking by SSE Dinsdale Award winner, Jerry Clark. This two-volume third edition is buttressed by his decades of research in the field of UFOs. For this encyclopedic effort he is supported by several competent researchers with international reputations. Typically, my reviews of written works by SSE members tend to be quite favorable as I recognize the difficulty of getting our research into print. This work definitely left me conflicted in an attempt to be both fair to the authors and to the potential readers. In general, the material that is included does provide considerable depth to the cases selected for presentation. As this is the third edition, much of that material has been previously published. Clark and his colleagues have in-depth knowledge of many of the earlier cases and these are well represented. What I found most troubling were some glaring omissions that are hard to reconcile with an encyclopedia that suggests it is comprehensive in nature, as opposed to a representation of cases as selected by the chief editor. Absent is the more recent incidences and evidence that have dramatically altered the entire field of UFOlogy. Given the rapid pace of advancement of knowledge, especially since December 2017, it would be nearly impossible for any print medium to keep pace. Here I am addressing the remarkable revelations by the U.S. Department of Defense concerning interactions between military aircraft and unknown objects. Internally these were so significant as to cause the U.S. Navy to publicly publish a policy position acknowledging these events were occurring frequently. However, it is more than the events of just the past two years that are omitted or downplayed. As a prime example, Phil Corso is not mentioned. In 1997, U.S. Army Lt. Col. Corso’s book The Day After Roswell became an international phenomenon. It dominated much of the conversation in the field. Whether one agrees with Corso or not is irrelevant. His book sold more than any other UFO publication by a great margin and he had significant impact on the field. Thus, both Corso and his book should deserve serious consideration.