pesticides residue
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Most of the locally consumed beans in our vicinity contain excess chemicals of pesticides residues which are harmful to humans and environmental hazards to ecosystem. Investigation of this study revealed contamination level of organochlorine pesticides residues in dried beans originating from Nigeria with a view to controlling them, it also studies crude fiber of beans showed that B4 has the highest fiber content, 27.85% and the order of decreasing value as B4, B5 , B1, B3 and B2. The least percentage of crude fiber was shown by B2 in all the beans samples analyzed. This study also investigated the pesticides residue components of the organochlorinated pesticides test. The presence of pesticide residues in all 14 types of organochlorine pesticides in beans is lower than a previously reported level. Despite this, the amount of organochlorine pesticides tested is more than the permitted levels of 0.01 to 0.2 mg/kg, indicating that the beans consumed in the Gombe metropolis included pesticide residues beyond the permissible limit.

Background: Pesticides application for controlling pests, has been a matter of debate for long time. In order to guarantee sustainable human health, this application should be monitored continuously. Materials and Methods: 65 samples of cattle milk were collected from different Khartoum state’s municipals; to assess the OCP residue, samples were extracted with petroleum ether and cleaned up using silica gel, then read out by GC equipped with FID. Result: Two pesticides belong to OCP were detected, Endosulfan (69.8%) and Heptachlor (92%); the detected concentration of the second one was outstanding, as all positive samples were above the MRL.

Based on systematic literature study and policy document analysis, this paper investigates the environmental pollution-induced food safety problem in China, including the impact of environmental pollution on food safety and the policy response of Chinese government since 1970's. The results show that, to different degrees, food safety of China is affected by large but inefficient chemical fertilizer and pesticides residue (although the consumption began to decline after around 2015), cropland heavy metal pollution (especially cadmium), water pollution, and high ozone concentration. The evolution of pollution-induced food safety policies of China can be divided into four stages, i.e., preparation stage (1974–1994), construction stage (1995–2005), elaboration stage (2006–2013), and intensification stage (2014–). Through the four stages, the increasingly stringent policy system has been featured by “from supply-safety balance to safety first,” “from multi-agency management to integrated management,” and “from ex post supervision to ex ante risk control.” To further prevent pollution and control food quality, more collaborations between the agricultural and environmental agencies and more specific policies should be anticipated.

Abstract Pesticide residue in food has been investigated since the growing demand of food safe. The determination of pesticides residues in food is becomes an essential requirement for consumers, producers, and authorities responsible for food quality control. Pesticides can poison humans through the mouth, skin, and breathing. Often unwittingly these toxic chemicals enter a person’s body without causing sudden pain and causing chronic poisoning. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pesticides residue to health problems from meta-synthesize, sourced from the Scopus and Sinta indexed articles and obtained 12 indexed articles that were used as references. Meta-synthesize result showed that there are some type of pesticide who used by farmers such as chlorphenapir, emamctin benzoate, abamectin, chlorpyrifos, mankozeb, chlorotalonil, and propineb. Continous use of pesticides can cause such as fatigue, excessive saliva, hard breathing, frequent urination, blurred vision, dizzinesss, and fingerpain. At the end, pesticides residue is adverse effect on human health problems.

Abstract Gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD) method has been developed to determine the residues of pyrethroid (PYRs), organophosphorus (OPPs) and organochlorine (OCPs) pesticide in 97 leafy vegetable samples collected from Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. The mean residual concentration of PYRs, OPPs and OCPs ranged from 0.04–17, 0.03–44.4 and 0.03–100 μg kg–1 respectively. The sum of pesticides concentration increased in the order mustard < spinach < celery < cauliflower < lettuce < broccoli < cabbage. The results revealed that levels of maximum residue limit (MRL) for OCPs were violated by lettuce (7.7%), for OPPs, it exceeded mostly in cabbage (24.8%) and for PYRs only one cabbage sample exceeded the MRL. Health risk estimation revealed that hazard quotients (HQs) for OCPs, OPPs and PYRs were <1.0, showing less risk to consumers. However, the hazard indices (HIs) for OPPs were >1.0 for children (1.4) and for adults (0.4) which signify the potential health risk to consumers.

Organophosphorus pesticides are the largest and most diverse pesticides. The overuse of pesticides will cause them to remain in the food, water, soil, and air, hazardous to human health. This study was conducted in three seasons to determine organophosphorus pesticide concentration. The experiments were modeled using artificial neural networks. The results showed that parathion, malathion, and diazinon concentrations were significantly different (p<0.05). The most concentrations were observed in Aug, September, and October. The OPPs concentration in water treatment plants' effluents indicated that concentrations of pesticides were below the maximum contaminant level. Base on the results of an artificial neural network, the model performance to be the best prediction for malathion concentration in the WTP (NO.1), with 6 neurons with R2 = 0.887, parathion with 5 neurons and R2 = 0.711, and diazinon with 11 neurons and R2 = 0.714. The finding of ANN modeling for malathion concentration in the WTP (NO.2), with 9 neurons and R2 = 0.713, parathion, one hidden layer with 6 neurons and R2 = 0.71, and parathion with 15 neurons and R2 = 0.674 were showed the best prediction.

This study was aimed to investigate pesticides bioaccumulation and their soil pollutant effect. The experiment was included sixteen active greenhouses in Erbil plane, and conducted during September 2017 and March 2018. The present study revealed that the pesticides residue of pyridabine, thiamethoxam, abamectin and spirodiclofen were detected in greenhouse soil samples.   The values of soil heavy metals contaminations factor (CF) revealed, that the studied greenhouse soil samples were ranged from low to very high contamination, while for pesticides were ranged from non to high contaminated. Soil pollution load index results supported that, the greenhouse soil was contaminated especially by Cr, Ni and Co. Pollution load index (PLI) was ranged from 7.751 to 0.303; supporting that the soils were contaminated in most sites. It could be concluded that, significant need for the development of pollution prevention and scientific strategies to reduce heavy metal pollution and pesticide accumulation residuals within greenhouses in Erbil plane.