design value
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AbstractDuring LHC Run 2 (2015–2018) the ATLAS Level-1 topological trigger allowed efficient data-taking by the ATLAS experiment at luminosities up to 2.1$$\times $$ × 10$$^{34}$$ 34  cm$$^{-2}$$ - 2 s$$^{-1}$$ - 1 , which exceeds the design value by a factor of two. The system was installed in 2016 and operated in 2017 and 2018. It uses Field Programmable Gate Array processors to select interesting events by placing kinematic and angular requirements on electromagnetic clusters, jets, $$\tau $$ τ -leptons, muons and the missing transverse energy. It allowed to significantly improve the background event rejection and signal event acceptance, in particular for Higgs and B-physics processes.

It is not easy to carry out the detailed variable condition calculation of steam turbine in engineering application. In this paper, a variable condition calculation model based on the internal and external characteristics of steam turbine is proposed, and a variable condition calculation model of constant power and constant flow is established. The model is applied to calculate 75% THA, 50%THA, typical industrial and heating extraction conditions of a subcritical 330 MW unit. The error is small compared with the design value, and the calculation accuracy meets the requirements. The results show that the model has high accuracy and can meet the requirements of engineering application.

To understand how time can be considered both a technical and sociocultural design value, this chapter investigates named data networking (NDN), a new networking protocol conceptualized to replace addressed-based internet protocol and promises to increase both the speed and the efficiency of the internet. Bernard Stiegler’s technics and time framework guides the analysis of time-based values articulated by the NDN project principals to demonstrate how collective temporality is built into technical systems as engineers reconcile social and cultural concepts of temporality with computational and architectural time and resource constraints in network design. This chapter shows that although efficiency is a timebased technical value driving NDN development, the sociocultural values of information temporality is much less understood by project principals.

The aim of the article is to show a way to measure the economic value of design using system dynamic modeling of key processes in an organization. The article fully accepts the complexity of the concept of design and opens up the possibility for employing system dynamics in design value measuring. The definition of design is given as an integral concept for which it is difficult to find a benchmark. The sequential explanatory method was chosen to solve the research problem. Qualitative data is collected first and it is recorded and examined. After that the data is transformed into numeric values and taken for quantitative evaluation in a system dynamic model. The connection of qualitative research data in a tool for quantitative evaluation allows an original interpretation of relationships that have been obtained and are collected only as qualitative data. Qualitative data collection is based on the visualization of a new definition of design: Design is an integration of functional, distribution, emotional and social experience of the customer. The questionnaire is in the form of Design Value Canvas and is used to determine the initial Design Value Algorithm (DVA) coefficient. As an external parameter, the DVA coefficient influences the development of the number of customers and their willingness to order the company’s products in the system dynamic model. The main result is the finding that an investment in design, which is confronted with customer preferences, fundamentally changes the economic parameters of business. Economic benefits of a design change in a company are always influenced by a strategic decision made by the entrepreneur who has to know the behaviour of their customers and to correctly choose the field of design in which it pays to invest.

The seismic performance of a light wood frame structure is determined by sheathing-to-framing joints. In order to encourage the use of more sustainable materials in structures, the spruce-pine-fir (SPF) panel and the bamboo scrimber (BS) panel were considered as sheathing materials. Monotonic and cyclic tests were conducted on the joints with different parameters to obtain their mechanical properties. Moreover, the design value of the bearing capacity of sheathing-to-framing joints was calculated and compared in accordance with Chinese code (GB50005) and European code (Eurocode 5). Based on the test results and the design codes, the reliability index of the design value of the bearing capacity of joints was calculated using the first-order reliability method (FORM). Results demonstrate that the joints have high bearing capacity and stiffness at initial loading stage when the loading direction is perpendicular to the framing grain. BS panels make better use of the bending strength of fasteners than SPF panels. The screwed joints have lower strength and stiffness degradation than nailed joints, but the nailed joints show better ductile and dissipation than screwed joints. In addition, the reliability indexes of design bearing capacity calculated by the Chinese code of joints under monotonic load are conservative, but those of joints under cyclic load are unconservative. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety and economy of design, a modification factor for the GB50005 design method of joints is proposed to meet the target reliability index.

We all are needed the personal vehicle that could help us to travel from home to office and travel to vocations means we need the personal vehicle for traveling for this we purchase the new vehicle or used vehicle this is some time take so much to take decision for purchasing the new one and most difficult decision is to take how to sale the old one that is already we have keep using if we sale and what is best price we can get or gives us more benefits. More over the purchasing power of the customers is low due to the prices of the new cars. There are different methods to predict the price of the car according to market value. Our proposed method helps the both the purchase and seller for to purchase and sale their vehicle and they can predict the best for their vehicle and make their decision good for personal and business. Our proposed model performance shows that the proposed study is productive and efficient. In the proposed study the machine learning algorithm Regression helps in the outperform. Here we use the Statistical test to get the design value of P and get the optimal features and using the linear regression. First, we find the RFE and then apply the statistical test for VIF for the OLS Regression. Prediction results shows the study is efficient and effective.

Abstract The first-stage rotor squealer tip is a key area in the gas turbine for both aerodynamic performance and heat transfer characteristics, which should be carefully designed. However, harsh operating conditions near the rotor squealer tip can cause the geometry of the squealer tip to degrade, and manufacturing inaccuracies can also cause the squealer tip geometry to deviate from the ideal design. In this work, an uncertainty quantification (UQ) method is proposed using the non-intrusive polynomial chaos expansion method and Smolyak sparse grids. Then coupled with three dimensional (3D) Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solutions, an uncertainty quantification procedure is carried out for aerodynamic and heat transfer performance of GE-E3 rotor blade squealer tip. A parameter sensitivity analysis using the Sobol Indice method is carried out to identify the key parameters for aerothermal performance of the squealer tip. Wherein, the inlet total temperature and the blowing ratio are considered as flow condition uncertainty parameters and tip clearance is considered as geometrical uncertainty parameters. The uncertainty analysis results show that under the influence of the uncertain geometry and operating conditions, the heat flux of squealer tip basically conforms to the normal distribution and the statistical mean value of it increased by 13.56% relative to the design value and the probability of it deviating from the design value by 10% is as high as 65.68% The statistical average of the squealer tip film cooling effectiveness is reduced by 29.52% compared to the design value, and the probability of it deviating from the design value by 10% is as high as 91.83%. The result of sensitivity analysis reveals that the uncertainty of the aerodynamic characteristics of the squealer tip is almost entirely caused by the tip clearance which accounts for 88.02% of the variance of the leakage flow rate. The inlet total temperature has almost no effect on the uncertainty of the aerodynamic performance. However, it is the dominant variable for the uncertainty of the heat transfer performance considering that its variance indexes for tip heat flux QTip and film cooling effectiveness η are 84.87% and 24.87% respectively. Compared with the main effects, the influence of the interaction effects among the variables on the squealer tip aerothermal performance is almost negligible.