technical framework
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This paper presents essential aspects of the State of Qatar foreign aid policy (QFAP), which is closely tied to the wider country’s foreign policy. The study traces and explains vital foundations of the country’s foreign aid policy framework and its decision-making process, mainly the guiding documents and operative institutions. Evidently, the content and structure of these two technical elements reflect the political and socio-cultural background as well as the regional and global surrounding of the state of Qatar. Although it is an emerging donor, Qatar’s aid documents and institutions are showing radical development and prestigious institutionalizing. The technical guidance and the inclusiveness of QFAP documents and widespread operations of its institutions show that Qatar has further benefited from its partnerships and global engagements to advance its aid policy making. This research used face-to-face interviews with key Qatari officials and scrutinized the state official documents and quoted speeches and statements, in addition to other relevant academic materials. Keywords: Foreign Aid Policy, Qatar, Documents, Institutions, Policy-Making.             Abstrak Artikel ini membentangkan aspek dasar bantuan luar negeri Qatar (QFAP), yang berkait rapat dengan rangka kerja umum dasar luar negeri yang lebih luas. Kajian ini mengesan dan menerangkan 2 asas penting rangka kerja dasar bantuan asing negara dan proses membuat keputusannya; iaitu dokumen panduan dan institusi pelaksana. Melalui kajian ini, jelas menunjukkan bahawa kandungan dan struktur kedua-dua elemen teknikal ini mencerminkan latar belakang politik dan sosio-budaya serta persekitaran serantau dan global negara Qatar. Walaupun Qatar merupakan penderma yang baru menonjolkan diri dalam landskap bantuan global, namun dokumen dan institusi bantuan Qatar menunjukkan ia sebagai perkembangan positif dan institusi yang berprestij. Panduan teknikal dan keterangkuman dokumen QFAP dan operasi meluas institusinya menunjukkan bahawa Qatar telah terus mendapat manfaat daripada perkongsian dan penglibatan globalnya untuk memajukan pembentukan dasar bantuannya. Kajian ini dijalankan berdasarkan temu bual langsung dengan para pegawai Qatar dan pakar yang berkaitan, di samping menganalisis dokumen dan laporan rasmi negara, memetik ucapan dan kenyataan rasmi, serta mengambil kira sumber akademik dan saintifik lain yang berkaitan. Kata Kunci:  Dasar Bantuan Asing, Qatar, Dokumen, Institusi, Proses Pembentukan Dasar.

This paper presents an AI use-case developed in the project “Study on legislation in the era of artificial intelligence and digitization” promoted by the EU Commission Directorate-General for Informatics. We propose a hybrid technical framework where AI techniques, Data Analytics, Semantic Web approaches and LegalXML modelisation produce benefits in legal drafting activity. This paper aims to classify the corrigenda of the EU legislation with the goal to detect some criteria that could prevent errors during the drafting or during the publication process. We use a pipeline of different techniques combining AI, NLP, Data Analytics, Semantic annotation and LegalXML instruments for enriching the non-symbolic AI tools with legal knowledge interpretation to offer to the legal experts.

This article is devoted to the assessment of the conditional liabilities of public-private partnerships (PPPs) and measures to reduce the risks associated with them. First, a quantitative assessment of the contingent liabilities of PPP projects at the federal level is carried out. Contingent liabilities for public-private partnership projects are estimated to amount to 2.3 trillion roubles for the period 2021–52. Second, the experience of creating a system for managing the contingent liabilities of PPPs in Russia and the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) is summarized. This analysis shows that each of the BRICS countries has a legislative and technical framework for managing fiscal liabilities, but does not use it to the fullest extent. Consequently, to improve functioning it is necessary to regularly update, fill in, and expand the number of available financial indicators for PPP projects. Of the BRICS countries, South Africa is characterized by the most complete and transparent system for managing PPP-related contingent liabilities, but Russia could use some of the measures implemented in other BRICS countries to improve its own system, including the creation of a guarantee fund (Brazil), a system for operational project evaluation (India) and the practice of project approval by the fiscal authority (China).

Abstract The paradigm of Industry 4.0 finds major promise for deployment in Indian industries. This paper discusses a qualitative research methodology and strategies for the implementation of Industry 4.0 in MSMEs from various sectors in India. The researchers have collected data from experts from different MSMES through questionnaires and personal interviews. Difficulties and barriers for implementation of industry 4.0 in India have been analysed using the snowball sampling method where the sample units expect different academic and government organisations to develop an apparatus for efficient implementation of the technologies of Industry 4.0. A technical framework for processing real-time big data using the Knowledge Data Discovery (KDD) pipeline for quick decision-making is discussed in this study. The study concludes with the use of the framework for use of process data to improve process efficiency.

Abstract Environmental risks generally exist in various production activities. Based on existing research foundation, in order to solve the related problems in the field of environmental risk of nuclear power plants, this paper conducts in-depth research and discussion on the monitoring and assessment of environmental risks of nuclear power plants. This paper proposes a set of standardized technical framework, based on this framework, an application platform is designed and implemented and applied to the environmental risk monitoring, assessment, and management of nuclear power plant.

This paper is being developed in Blazer on industrial engineering. In the last few decades, the global economy, in particular in international commerce and manufacturing organizations, has evolved substantially. The technical framework of today is thus distinguished by productivity-oriented, which can be accomplished by industrial engineering. This paper presents the different principles & approaches used in industrial engineering, such as time analysis, work studies, line balancing and the outcome of organizational disintegration tests in Blazer. This research has focused on several kinds of machinery to produce a Blazer. The traditional manufacturing industry has issues such as low efficiency, longer lead time, high rework & re-work, poor line balance, low style shift flexibility, etc. The implementation of Industrial Engineering correctly resolved these issues. This study looks at how to develop Blazer's processes by using Industrial Engineering, wasting less resources, time, raw materials, human capital and electricity.

For a smooth projective variety [Formula: see text], we study analogs of Quot schemes using hearts of non-standard [Formula: see text]-structures of [Formula: see text]. The technical framework uses families of [Formula: see text]-structures as studied in A. Bayer, M. Lahoz, E. Macrì, H. Nuer, A. Perry and P. Stellari, Stability conditions in families, preprint (2019), arXiv:1902.08184. We provide several examples and suggest possible directions of further investigation, as we reinterpret moduli spaces of stable pairs, in the sense of M. Thaddeus, Stable pairs, linear systems and the Verlinde formula, Invent. Math. 117(2) (1994) 317–353; D. Huybrechts and M. Lehn, Stable pairs on curves and surfaces, J. Algebraic Geom. 4(1) (1995) 67–104, as instances of Quot schemes.