narrative description
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This article represents a narrative description of my data collection journey and the experience of working with children residing at Child Care Institution (CCI) like children’s home. It outlines my experience in a creative language and also draws attention to the challenges I faced, be it seeking permission from the concerned authorities or visiting the children’s home to actually working with the children. The procedures to access these children are quite lengthy and strenuous. Overall, this article highlights my experiences as a researcher, working with the children, the lessons I learnt and dealing with challenges imposed by COVID-19. In conclusion, through this experience article, I intend to make my fellow researchers aware of the procedures and challenges involved in dealing with this population, data collection process, which could benefit them to prepare accordingly, and to recommend to the caretakers and stakeholders the need for research in this area and promote activities to enhance mental health conditions.

Proficiency in English politeness is an invaluable tool in maintaining effective communication. Differences in beliefs, culture and customs, values and norms exist between English and other languages. Non-native English speakers encounter difficulties when making apologies and greetings in the language. The research examined politeness of English and Tshivenda apologies and greetings. The research paper adopted a qualitative research approach designed to build a holistic narrative description concerning social or cultural phenomenon. Formal and informal interviews were carried out ethnographically to collect data from selected 15 historical experts at Phawe, Zoutpansberg in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Data were quantified, simplified, organised, and interpreted using an 'emic' approach because they were interpreted from the perspective of the population under study. The research found that some Vhavenda people could narrate stories around politeness in their society. The research recommends the continuous practice of apologies and greetings to preserve the Vhavenda culture and custom.

The research aims to study millennial’s attitudes towards the content in Thai digital TV: the case study of Bangkok Area. The samples are 30 Millennial people which are gathered by convenience sampling. The study is used in-depth interview to collect data. The data is analyzed when data is reached the saturation in thematic analysis. The finding is thematized and analyzed into narrative description in terms of the attitudes which includes affect (feeling), behavior (intention), and cognition (believe) towards the content in Thai digital TV.

The heritage of the ancient Roman politician, orator and thinker Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 BC – 43 BC), is considered as a set of texts that over centuries have been included in the curricula for humanities students, significantly changing the narrative tradition and detecting a way of understanding what is related to humanities. The key questions for the authors is the following: how and for what purposes was Cicero’s heritage presented to humanities students in educational texts in the first two decades of the 20th and 21st centuries? At the beginning of last century, scholars’ attention to Cicero was largely due to Augustus Samuel Wilkins (1843–1905), Paul Monroe (1869–1947) and his disciple Ellwood Cubberley (1868-1941). Many textbooks compiled by P. Monroe, A.S. Wilkins and E. Cubberley were published one after another. Thanks to the educational books of P. Monroe, A.S. Wilkins and E. Cubberley, different approaches to presenting Cicero's works for educational purposes were developed. It is these approaches that were reflected in educational books for humanists a century later. In Russian textbooks, sourcebooks, and anthologies on history of pedagogy, Cicero was mostly a figure of omission not only in the first decades, but throughout the entire 20th century. At the beginning of the 21st century, many learning books for humanities students appeared. Their authors and compilers consider Cicero as an author who left a conceptual description of pedagogical reality (a detailed description of educational process) and chose a narrative description (description of what happened through the eyes of those who take part in it). We have to regret that the Russian domestic tradition of including Cicero's heritage in the content of humanitarian education has hardly undergone any changes over a century: fragments of his works continue to be presented on a small scale, are practically not grouped according to key issues, and rarely accompanied by pedagogical commentaries. The question of why some texts were selected while others were not, can be asked to every author and compiler who included Cicero's texts in their books for humanities students. The search for answers to this “eternal question” can be associated both with the flexibility of the humanitarian curriculum, and with the personal preferences of the authors and compilers of learning books.

Abstract IntroductionCurrently, one of the commonly used methods for disseminating electronic health record (EHR)-based phenotype algorithms is providing a narrative description of the algorithm logic, often accompanied by flowcharts. A challenge with this mode of dissemination is the potential for under-specification in the algorithm definition, which leads to ambiguity and vagueness. MethodsThis study examines incidents of under-specification that occurred during the implementation of 34 narrative phenotyping algorithms in the electronic Medical Record and Genomics (eMERGE) network. We reviewed the online communication history between algorithm developers and implementers within the Phenotype Knowledge Base (PheKB) platform, where questions could be raised and answered regarding the intended implementation of a phenotype algorithm. ResultsWe developed a taxonomy of under-specification categories via an iterative review process between two groups of annotators. Under-specifications that lead to ambiguity and vagueness were consistently found across narrative phenotype algorithms developed by all involved eMERGE sites. Discussion & ConclusionOur findings highlight that under-specification is an impediment to the accuracy and efficiency of the implementation of current narrative phenotyping algorithms, and we propose approaches for mitigating these issues and improved methods for disseminating EHR phenotyping algorithms.

The aim is to analyze the preparation of PT. Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah  Al Makmur in implementing Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in the Awareness Building, GCG Assessment and Manual Building stages. The method used is descriptive qualitative, the data collection technique used by the writer is through interviews and documentation, Data processing was carried out by qualitative analysis then presented the data in a short narrative description, then analyzed and concluded. The Awareness Building stage has been done well, but it must be maximized more by providing education through seminars, workshops and group discussions sustainably. So that, all elements that involved have the same understanding and awareness of the importance of implementing GCG. For the GCG Assessment stage which carried out by the internal company is in accordance, but in determining the priority scale must pay attention to the internal conditions of the company. And for the Manual Building stage (preparation of guidelines) of PT. PT. Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah Al-Makmur has not completed the GCG

Purpose This paper aims to explain the de-risking phenomenon through Luhmann’s risk/danger model and demonstrate that de-risking should be facilitated and encouraged. Design/methodology/approach The paper applies Luhmann’s system theory and more specifically his risk/danger model to describe the de-risking phenomenon and identify recommendations to address its consequences. Findings The paper finds that re-defining risk and the anti-money laundering (AML)’s community’s understanding of it can support key stakeholders’ understanding of money laundering (ML) risk and the way to better address consequences of AML decisions. Practical implications The paper has implications for the banking and regulatory community in relation to the interpretation of de-risking. As systems aim to minimise their exposure to risk, they should not be prevented from de-risking. Originality/value This paper aims to move away from a narrative description of AML phenomena and presents a theoretical foundation for the analysis of ML risk. The current response to de-risking which demonises it and aims to prevent it is deconstructed through this theoretical lens.

Background Patients with a psychiatric disorder (PPD) are eligible to request physician assisted death (PAD) in a small but growing number of jurisdictions, including the Netherlands and Belgium. For this request to be granted, most of these jurisdictions demand that the patient is competent in her request, and that the suffering experienced is unbearable and irremediable. Especially the criterion of irremediability is challenging to establish in patients with psychiatric disorders. Aims To establish what criteria Dutch and Belgian experts agree to be essential in characterising irremediable psychiatric suffering (IPS) in the context of PAD. Method A two round Delphi procedure among psychiatrists with relevant experience. Results Thirteen consensus-criteria were established: five diagnostic and eight treatment-related criteria. Diagnostically, the participants deem a narrative description and attention to contextual and systemic elements necessary. Also, a mandatory second opinion is required. The criteria concerning treatment show that extensive biopsychosocial treatment is needed, and the suffering must be present for several years. Finally, in the case of treatment refusal, the participants agree that there are limits to the number of diagnostic procedures or treatments a patient must undergo. Conclusions Consensus was found among a Dutch and Belgian expert group on essential criteria for establishing IPS in the context of PAD. These criteria can be used in clinical decision making and can inform future procedural demands and research.

Purpose: Parliamentary democracy is one of the unique forms of democracy. It is practiced in various countries of the world successfully. Like Australia, Canada exercises it in very effective manner. Pakistan and Bangladesh both countries are practicing parliamentary democracy. This research paper made comparison between Pakistan and Bangladesh and also find out reasons that weakened the democratic system in both developing countries like non democratic attitude of their political leaders, poverty, corruption, injustices, lack of education, dictatorship and terrorism that destabilized the parliamentary system in both countries. Design/Methodology/Approach: Historiography serves as an ideal approach here, given the subjects of the cases being used in this study. It employs a critical, selective reading of sources that synthesize particular bits of information into a narrative description or analysis of a subject. Findings: In Pakistan parliamentary democracy restores in 2008 and eighteen amendments is the good initiate to strength the democratic trend. In fact, in the first time in the history of Pakistan a democratic government complete it tenure. Politics of reconciliation play very vital role in Pakistan. In contrast, in Bangladesh parliamentary democracy restore since 1991but the political leaders highly mistrusted each other and involve in corruption activities. Abolishment of caretaker government is another critical issue in Bangladesh. Implications/Originality/Value: Both countries tried to achieve the parliamentary democracy but both countries should struggle more for institutionalization of parliament for strong the parliamentary democracy in both countries.

Background Supporting human dignity is the essence of delivery of care. Dignity is one’s sense of self-value that is influenced by the perceived value attributed to the individual from others. Individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) are at risk of violations of their dignity, due to their diminished autonomy, the alteration in their sense of self, the loss of meaningful social roles, and their limited interactions with peers and confirmation of identity. Objectives A scoping review was conducted to explore the state of art regarding the dignity of individuals with ADRD. Methods: A search was conducted using CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Relevant articles were analyzed and organized based on the themes they addressed, and a narrative description of findings was presented. Results Twenty-six articles were included in the review. Findings highlighted characteristics of care that affected the dignity of these individuals. Researchers found that care was task-centered, depersonalized, and lacked a genuine connection. Individuals with ADRD experienced embarrassment, lack of freedom, and powerlessness, which contributed to feelings of being devalued, and threatened their dignity. Studies testing interventions to enhance dignity were either inconclusive, lacked rigor, or had no lasting effect. Conclusion: The dignity of individuals with ADRD may be violated during healthcare interactions. More research is needed to objectively measure the dignity of these individuals and examine the effectiveness of interventions aimed at promoting dignity.