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Mangroves are highly productive blue carbon ecosystems that preserve high organic carbon concentrations in soils. In this study, particle size, bulk elemental composition and stable carbon isotope were determined for the sediment cores collected from the landward and seaward sides of two mangrove forests of different ages (M1, ca. 60; M2, ca. 4 years old) to determine the effects of geomorphic setting and age (L1 = old mangrove and S1 = salt marsh stand in M1; L2 = young mangrove and S2 = bare mudflat in M2) on sediments and organic carbon accumulation. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of the northernmost human-planted mangroves in China to accumulate sediment and carbon. Our results showed that fine-grained materials were preserved well in the interior part of the mangroves, and the capacity to capture fine-grained materials increased as the forest aged. The biogeochemical properties (C/N: 5.9 to 10.8; δ13C: −21.60‰ to −26.07‰) indicated that the local organic carbon pool was composed of a mixture of autochthonous and allochthonous sources. Moreover, the accumulation of organic carbon increased with the forest age. The interior part of the old mangrove had the highest organic carbon stock (81.93 Mg Corg ha−1). These findings revealed that mangrove reforestation had positive effects on sediments and organic carbon accretion.

AbstractA remarkable family of discrete sets which has recently attracted the attention of the discrete geometry community is the family of convex polyominoes, that are the discrete counterpart of Euclidean convex sets, and combine the constraints of convexity and connectedness. In this paper we study the problem of their reconstruction from orthogonal projections, relying on the approach defined by Barcucci et al. (Theor Comput Sci 155(2):321–347, 1996). In particular, during the reconstruction process it may be necessary to expand a convex subset of the interior part of the polyomino, say the polyomino kernel, by adding points at specific positions of its contour, without losing its convexity. To reach this goal we consider convexity in terms of certain combinatorial properties of the boundary word encoding the polyomino. So, we first show some conditions that allow us to extend the kernel maintaining the convexity. Then, we provide examples where the addition of one or two points causes a loss of convexity, which can be restored by adding other points, whose number and positions cannot be determined a priori.

This chapter focuses on a slave named ‘Usman. Born in 18th-century Futa Jallon—“in the interior part of Guinea”—‘Usman was raised in a Muslim region famed for scholarship, but also soldiery, regularly waging war against neighboring states. Educated in Islamic traditions, ‘Usman was trained not merely to recite Qur’anic text orally, but to write in elegant lines. Such literary skills would comprise a rare continuity in a life of jarring interruption, linking ‘Usman’s studies in Africa with his slavery in America. Surviving the Middle Passage horrors crossing the Atlantic, ‘Usman was settled near Midway, a West African exile enslaved near an itinerant church, itself a refugee in Georgia. Transitioning between cultures, ‘Usman was surrounded by contending lines of succession, lines which seem to bleed into his own ink, receiving expression from ‘Usman’s pen.

Статья посвящена хронологии внутренней части Кушманского городища Учкакар, относящегося к чепецкой археологической культуре эпохи Средневековья (IX-XIII вв). Рассматривается хронология двух основных стратиграфических горизонтов культурного слоя (ранний горизонт I, этапы IIа-б, IIв, IIг позднего горизонта II). В статье проведен хронологический анализ принадлежащих им вещевых комплексов, для чего были привлечены многочисленные аналогии. В результате исследования установлено, что ранний горизонт I, относящийся ко времени функционирования внутренней линии обороны, может быть датирован в пределах IX-X вв. Поздний горизонт II, напластования которого перекрывают руины ранних оборонительных сооружений, датируется второй половиной X - рубежом XII-XIII вв. Временные границы его этапов могут быть определены следующим образом: этапы IIа-б - вторая половина X - середина XI в. этап IIв - середина XI - начало XII в. этап IIг - XII - конец XII в. / рубеж XII-XIII вв. The paper reports on the chronology of the Kushmanskoye fortified settlement (Uchkakar) attributed to the Cheptsa culture dating to the Middle Ages (9th-13th centuries). It examines chronology of two main stratigraphic horizons of the occupation layer (early horizon I stages II a-b, II c, II d of later horizon II). The paper provides chronological analysis of artifact assemblages with the use of numerous analogies. The studies established that early horizon II dating to the period when the internal defensive line was in operation can be dated to the 9th-10th centuries. Subsequent horizon II where the layers overlie the ruins of the earlier defensive constructions dates to the second half of the 10th - turn of the 13th centuries. Timeline of its stages may be defined as follows: stages II a-b as the second half of the 10th - mid-11th centuries stage II c as mid-11th - early 12th centuries stage II d as the 12th - late 11th century/turn of the 13th century.

This paper takes on two main objectives. The first is to present and depict the project Frontespo – Frontera hispano-portuguesa: documentación lingüística y bibliográfica [Spanish-Portuguese frontier: linguistic and bibliographic documentation], which aims at producing a comprehensive linguistic documentation of the frontier area between Portugal and Spain. The second objective is to study the stressed vowel systems of a specific border area located in the central interior part of Portugal, which, despite not having been subject to a detailed depiction up to this day, is decisive in understanding the constitution of Portuguese central-southern dialects as a whole, as recent studies have shown. The results are clear in (i) allowing for the description of the area’s vowel systems and (ii) improving our view on the history of central-southern Portuguese. This study therefore exemplifies the type of linguistic approach that a project like Frontespo allows for and, more importantly, the need for new, comprehensive language documentation projects in Portugal.