Scientific Notes Kazan Bauman State Academy of Veterinary Medicine
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The purpose of this work was to identify mycobacteria of non-tuberculosis type isolated from environmental objects in the Republic of Tatarstan. The article presents the result of identification of mycobacteria of non-tuberculous type in samples of washout from environmental objects obtained from farms with an identified species list of circulating mycobacteria of non-tuberculous type from reacting to tuberculin cattle by polymerase chain reaction in real time. In the course of our research, we found that nonspecific allergic reactions to bovine tuberculin in these farms are caused by contamination with mycobacteria of a non-tuberculosis type of livestock premises and soils near farms.

An assessment of the phytotoxicity of natural (lime, zeolite and phosphorite) minerals and their nanostructured analogues (nanostructured lime, nanostructured water-zeolite suspension (NWZS), nanostructured water-phosphate suspension (NWPS) and a spine) has been carried out. a monocotyledonous test plant (spring wheat variety Ulyanovskaya-105) has a positive effect on all studied minerals. The length of the seedling among native minerals is stimulated by lime and phosphorite, among nanominerals - nanostructured lime and NWZS. All native minerals have a positive effect on biometric indicators, among nanostructural ones – nano-lime and NWPS. Seedling biomass is stimulated only by zeolite and NWZS. Thus, native zeolite has the best data on the length of the seedling (by 48.9 %), the length of the coleoptile (by 53.6 %) and the biomass of the seedling (by 16.1 %), and in NWZS - along the root length (by 12.8 %), root biomass (by 13.5 %) and seedling biomass (by 13.7 %). Thus, according to most indicators, the best are zeolite (among native ones) and NWZS (among nanostructured minerals).

The extension of the characteristics of the cattle ration is widely spread nowadays. One of the most significant nutritional element is selenium. Selenium has antioxidant function because it is a necessary part of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase. There is a deficiency of selenium on the large territories of Russian Federation, especially on North-Western region. The selenium deficiency is the reason of different metabolic diseases and stiff lamb disease. All of the aforesaid leads to production loss. In this article it is firstly reported about selenium status, biochemistry characteristics and their variations after treatment selenium –containing drug among Romanov sheep in north-western region. In the course of study was found that selenium concertation in sheep serum was lower than normal. The selenium drug administration was led to an increase of serum selenium concertation

The purpose of this work was to develop highly specific oligonucleotide primers and probes for the identification of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria in pathological material taken from tuberculin-responsive cattle. The article presents the result of the development and design of a set of oligonucleotide primers and probes, research of their specificity and sensitivity. The primers and probes developed by us for the identification of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria in order to differentiate nonspecific reactions to tuberculin in cattle have high specificity and sensitivity.

The issue of the morphofunctional characteristics of the thyroid gland of male white-breasted hedgehogs during puberty on the territory of Belarus was studied. Material for the study was taken from 15 males, who were divided into three stages of studying the sexual maturation of hedgehogs: stage I - prepubertal period, stage II - the beginning of puberty, and stage III - activation of the gonads and the end of puberty. The results obtained characterize the morphological state of the thyroid gland of male white-breasted hedgehogs during puberty, and thus makes it possible to use morphometric indicators of structures as indicators of the environment and physiological states (for assessing puberty).

The article discusses the main safety indicators for the use of pharmaceuticalsin preparations (pharmacin and biopharm-200) on poultry. In the body of chickens, when using pharmacin and biopharm-200, an increase in the content of erythrocytes, and in them hemoglobin, was recorded in the blood. In addition, the safety of the study drugs for human consumption is due to the fact that their concentration decreases relatively quickly in chicken eggs. Pharmazin and its derivatives (biopharm-200) are promising for use in poultry farming and can be recommended for further study for this purpose

According to the results of the conducted studies of the fraction of activated zeolite from the plant of JSC "Volga Region Zeolites" of the Republic of Tatarstan with a size of 0.2 mm, it was found that the pH of the zeolite solution in dilution 1:40 was 10. At the same time, this value is maintained for 30 minutes. At the next dilution of 1:50, the hydrogen ion index decreased and was less than 10. The pH of the zeolite solution from the activated zeolite fraction with a size of 0.2 mm in dilutions of 1:30, 1:40 and 1:50 were 10.05, 10.03 and 9.85, respectively. However, 10 days after the preparation of the zeolite solution, the hydrogen ion index decreased and amounted to 9.96, 9.83 and 9.77. The addition of a zeolite solution at a dilution of 1:40 to nutrient agar reduced the germination of S. Aureus culture by 1.5 times, which opens up prospects for application in practical veterinary medicine. The work was carried out within the framework of GZ No. FMEG-2021-0003 registration number: 121021600147-1 and AAAA-A18-118031390148-1. The research will continue

Modern animal husbandry, including poultry farming, is characterized by the presence of numerous stress factors. The studies carried out have established that under their influence there is a decrease in the content of erythrocytes, as well as in them hemoglobin, a decrease in the content of total protein and calcium. Analyzing the data obtained, it can be concluded that under the influence of new macrolido compounds in the blood of chickens, the content of total protein increased in the structure of protein fractions of albumin and alpha globulins. With regard to other biochemical indicators - a decrease in the content of uric acid and creatinine. In the study of the catalytic activity of enzymes, a decrease in that of AcAt, AlAt and a tendency to an increase in alkaline phosphatase and amylase were found. When conducting a high-quality coagulation test by Veltman, a decrease in the disturbance of the structure of the protein fractions of blood serum was determined.

The purpose of the study was to conduct a veterinary and sanitary assessment of sheep meat and to study the quantitative analysis of the content of heavy metals in animal meat. To do this, experiments were conducted in LLC "SHP Lukoz" of the Sernursky district of the RME on sheep. Experienced yarkas received an experimental feed additive UVMC "VITA-Balance" for 45 days. By the end of the experiment, the animals were slaughtered. The results of the study found that the sheep meat when using a modern feed additive meets the requirements of GOST 7269-2015. The data obtained indicate that no excess of the maximum permissible concentration of heavy metals was detected in sheep meat when using an experimental feed additive.

The paper presents the results of the study of pathomorphological changes in organs in ornithobacteriosis in decorative pigeons with the establishment of the underlying disease, including the pathological signs associated and pathognomonic for the disease. The objects of the study were the corpses of fallen pigeons of the English postal and peacock breeds, at the age of 2-3 years, kept in a private farm on the territory of the Yemelyanovskiy district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Bacteriological examination of the material revealed the causative agent of ornithobacteriosis (Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale), and the causative agent of colibacillosis (Escherichia coli) was also found in 70,0 % of cases. In 70 % of the individuals, a complication was observed in the form of colibacillosis, characterized by serous-catarrhal gastroenterocolitis, spleen hyperplasia, and serous polyarthritis, to the underlying disease. The features of ornithobacterial infection in pigeons include the absence of pronounced serous-inflammatory edema of soft tissues in the head area, signs of serous-fibrinous aerosacculitis and the onset of the disease in birds of the older age group (2-5 years).