Horizontal Diaphragms: by Bart Quimby, P.E., PH.D UAA Civil Engineering CE 434 - Timber Design
Horizontal Diaphragms: by Bart Quimby, P.E., PH.D UAA Civil Engineering CE 434 - Timber Design
Horizontal Diaphragms: by Bart Quimby, P.E., PH.D UAA Civil Engineering CE 434 - Timber Design
by Bart Quimby, P.E., Ph.D UAA Civil Engineering CE 434 - Timber Design
Lateral Forces
Lateral forces result from either wind loading or seismic motion. In either case, the diaphragms are generally loaded with distributed loads. The example here is more closely associated with wind loading.
The Building
Tributary Areas
Another View
T = M / L1
Unit shear, v, equals the shear force, V, at a location along the span divided by the depth of the diaphragm at that location. Moment is taken by chord forces whose magnitudes equal the Moment at a particular location divided by the diaphragm depth at the same location.
v = w(L2)/(2L1)
The diaphragm must be analyzed and designed to handle the forces in both principle directions.
T = M / L2
C = M / L2
Shear capacity depends on the following design variables: supporting member species plywood grade nail size (and penetration) plywood thickness (normally selected for vert. loads) support widths nail spacing blocking layup
Footnote a
Use of supporting lumber species other than Douglas Fir or Southern Pine
(1) find specific gravity of supporting framing (see NDS Table 11.3.2A, NDS pg 74) For Staples: Use Structural I values multiplied by either 0.82 or 0.65 depending on specific gravity of supporting members. For Nails: Use values from table for actual grade of plywood used multiplied by min[(.5+S.G),1]
Footnote b
Field nailing requirement Spacing of fasteners along intermediate framing to be 12 O.C. unless supporting member spacing equals 48 or more, then use 6 O.C. nail spacing.
Some Definitions
Nailing:
Boundary nailing: Nailing at all intersections with shear walls. (parallel to direction of force.) Edge nailing: nailing along any other supported plywood edge. Field nailing: nailing along supports but not at a plywood edge.
Nailing Definitions
Chord Design
The chords are axial force members that generally have full lateral support in both principle directions. The top plates of the supporting walls are generally used as the chord members. Due to the reversing nature of the loads being resisted, the chord forces are considered to be both tension and compression. Design as an axial force member.
Typical Chord
Roof Chord Member
Example
Consider the building introduced in the lecture on structural behavior:
We spent some time determining forces in the horizontal and vertical diaphragms (shear walls) in an earlier lecture.
Chord Design
Hem Fir #2