APPENDIKS B

NERACA PANAS
Kapasitas pabrik : 30.000 ton/tahun = 91.000 Kg/hari
Operasi
: 330 hari/tahun
Satuan panas
: kCal
Suhu Reference : 25C
Basis waktu
: 1 hari = 24 jam
Bahan baku
: 97456,243 Kg CPO/hari
Data-data perhitungan
1. Perhitungan Cp (Heat Capacity)
a.
CH3--=
36.84 kJ/kmolC
b.
---CH2--- =
30.4 kJ/kmolC
c.
---COOH =
79.97 kJ/kmolC
d.
---CH=
=
15.91 kJ/kmolC
e.
---O--=
35.17 kJ/kmolC
f.

---C---

53 kJ/kmolC

g.
h.
i.

---CH-----OH
---ONa

=
=
=

20.93 kJ/kmolC
44.8 kJ/kmolC
0.035 kJ/kmolC

(Coulson dan Richardson's vol.6, 2 nd )

a. Heat Capacity (Cp) Trigliserida

1 kJ/kgC
=
0.24
1. Tri-Palmitat (C51H98O6)
CH3--=
3 x 36,84 =
110.52
---CH2--- =
44 x 30,4 =
1337.6
---O--=
3 x 53 =
105.51
---C---

---CH---

3 x 35,17 =

1 x 20,93 =
=
1733,56 x 0,24 =

kcal/kgC
kJ/kmolC
kJ/kmolC
kJ/kmolC

159 kJ/kmolC
20.93 kJ/kmolC
1733.56 kJ/kmolC
416.05 kcal/kmolC

B-11
APPENDIKS B
BM Tri-Palmitat = 807.34 kg/kmol
Cp = 416,05/ 807,34 =
0.5153 kcal/kgC
2. Tri-Miristat (C45H86O6)
CH3--=
3 x 36,84 =
---CH2--- =
38 x 30,4 =
---O--=
3 x 35,17 =
---C---

---CH---

3 x 53

110.52 kJ/kmolC
1155.2 kJ/kmolC
105.51 kJ/kmolC
159 kJ/kmolC

1 x 20,93 =
20.93 kJ/kmolC
=
1551.2 kJ/kmolC
1551,2 x 0,24 =
372.28 kcal/kmolC
BM Tri-Miristat = 723.17 kg/kmol
Cp = 372,28/ 723,17 =
0.5148 kcal/kgC
3. Tri-Stearat (C57H110O6)
CH3--=
3 x 36,84 =
---CH2--- =
50 x 30,4 =
---O--=
3 x 35,17 =
---C---

3 x 53

110.52 kj/kmolC
1520 kj/kmolC
105.51 kj/kmolC
159 kj/kmolC

1 x 20,93 =
20.93 kj/kmolC
=
1915.96 kj/kmolC
1915,96 x 0,24 =
459.83 kcal/kmolC
BM Tri-Stearat = 891.5 kg/kmol
Cp = 459,83/ 891,5 =
0.5158 kcal/kgC
---CH---

4. Tri-Oleat (C57H104O6)
CH3--=
3 x 36,84 =
---CH2--- =
44 x 30,4 =
---CH=
=
6 x 15,91 =
---O--=
3 x 35,17 =

110.52
1337.6
95.46
105.51

kj/kmolC
kj/kmolC
kj/kmolC
kj/kmolC

B-11
APPENDIKS B
---C---

3 x 53

159 kj/kmolC

1 x 20,93 =
20.93 kj/kmolC
=
1829.02 kj/kmolC
1829,02 x 0,24 =
438.96 kcal/kmolC
BM Tri-Oleat = 885.45 kg/kmol
Cp = 438,96/ 885,45 =
0.4958 kcal/kgC
---CH---

5. Tri-Linoleat (C57H98O6)
CH3--=
3 x 36,84 =
---CH2--- =
38 x 30,4 =
---CH=
=
12 x 15,91 =
---O--=
3 x 35,17 =
---C---

3 x 53

110.52
1155.2
190.92
105.51

kj/kmolC
kj/kmolC
kj/kmolC
kj/kmolC

159 kj/kmolC

1 x 20,93 =
20.93 kj/kmolC
=
1742.08 kj/kmolC
1742,08 x 0,24 =
418.1 kcal/kmolC
BM Tri-Linoleat = 879.4 kg/kmol
Cp = 418,1/ 879,4 =
0.4754 kcal/kgC
---CH---

b. Heat Capacity FFA

1. Asam Palmitat (C16H32O2)
CH3--=
1 x 36,84 =
36.84 kj/kmolC
---CH2--- =
14 x 30,4 =
425.6 kj/kmolC
---COOH =
1 x 79,97 =
79.97 kj/kmolC
=
542.41 kj/kmolC
542,41 x 0,24 =
130.18 kcal/kmolC
BM As.Palmitat = 256.43 kg/kmol
Cp = 130,18/ 256,43 =
0.5077 kcal/kgC

B-11
APPENDIKS B

B-11
APPENDIKS B
2. Asam Miristat (C14H28O2)
CH3--=
1 x 36,84 =
36.84 kJ/kmolC
---CH2--- =
12 x 30,4 =
364.8 kJ/kmolC
---COOH =
1 x 79,97 =
79.97 kJ/kmolC
=
481.61 kJ/kmolC
481,61 x 0,24 =
115.586 kcal/kmolC
BM As.Miristat =
228 kg/kmol
Cp = 481,61/ 228 =
0.507 kcal/kgC
3. Asam Stearat (C18H36O2)
CH3--=
1 x 36,84 =
36.84 kJ/kmolC
---CH2--- =
16 x 30,4 =
486.4 kJ/kmolC
---COOH =
1 x 79,97 =
79.97 kJ/kmolC
=
603.21 kJ/kmolC
603,21 x 0,24 =
144.77 kcal/kmolC
BM As.Stearat =
284.48 kg/kmol
Cp = 144,77/ 284,48 =
0.5089 kcal/kgC
4. Asam Oleat (C18H33O2)
CH3--=
1 x 36,84 =
36.84 kJ/kmolC
---CH2--- =
14 x 30,4 =
425.6 kJ/kmolC
---COOH =
1 x 79,97 =
79.97 kJ/kmolC
---CH=
=
2 x 15,91 =
31.82 kJ/kmolC
=
574.23 kJ/kmolC
574,23 x 0,24 =
137.815 kcal/kmolC
BM As.Oleat =
282.47 kg/kmol
Cp = 137,815/ 282,47 =
0.4879 kcal/kgC
5. Asam Linoleat (C18H32O2)
CH3--=
1 x 36,84 =
---CH2--- =
12 x 30,4 =
---COOH =
1 x 79,97 =
---CH=
=
4 x 15,91 =
=
542,25 x 0,24 =

36.84
364.8
79.97
63.64
545.25
130.86

kJ/kmolC
kJ/kmolC
kJ/kmolC
kJ/kmolC
kJ/kmolC
kcal/kmolC

B-11
APPENDIKS B
BM As.Linoleat = 280.45 kg/kmol
Cp = 130,86/ 280,45 =
0.4666 kcal/kgC
c. Heat Capacity Komponen Na (Sabun)
1. Na-Palmitat (C16H31O2Na)
CH3--=
1 x 36,84 =
36.84 kJ/kmolC
---CH2--- =
14 x 30,4 =
425.6 kJ/kmolC
1 x 53 =
53 kJ/kmolC
1 x 0,035 =
0.035 kJ/kmolC
=
515.475 kJ/kmolC
515,475 x 0,24 =
123.714 kcal/kmolC
BM Na-Palmitat = 278.43 kg/kmol
Cp = 123,714/278,43 =
0.4443 kcal/kgC
---C-----ONa

=
=

2. Na-Miristat (C14H27O2Na)
CH3--=
1 x 36,84 =
---CH2--- =
12 x 30,4 =

36.84 kJ/kmolC
364.8 kJ/kmolC

1 x 53 =
53 kJ/kmolC
1 x 0,035 =
0.035 kJ/kmolC
=
454.675 kJ/kmolC
454,675 x 0,24 =
109.122 kcal/kmolC
BM Na-Miristat =
250 kg/kmol
Cp = 109,122/250 =
0.4365 kcal/kgC
---C-----ONa

=
=

3. Na-Stearat (C18H35O2Na)
CH3--=
1 x 36,84 =
---CH2--- =
16 x 30,4 =
---C-----ONa

=
=

1 x 53 =
1 x 0,035 =
=
576,275 x 0,24 =

36.84 kJ/kmolC
486.4 kJ/kmolC
53
0.035
576.275
138.306

kJ/kmolC
kJ/kmolC
kJ/kmolC
kcal/kmolC

B-11
APPENDIKS B
BM Na-Stearat =
306.48 kg/kmol
Cp = 138,306/ 306,48 =
0.4513 kcal/kgC
4. Na-Oleat (C18H33O2Na)
CH3--=
1 x 36,84 =
---CH2--- =
14 x 30,4 =
---CH=
=
2 x 15,91 =

36.84 kj/kmolC
425.6 kj/kmolC
31.82 kj/kmolC

1 x 53 =
53 kj/kmolC
1 x 0,035 =
0.035 kj/kmolC
=
547.295 kj/kmolC
547,295 x 0,24 =
131.351 kcal/kmolC
BM Na-Oleat =
304.47 kg/kmol
Cp = 131,351/304,47 =
0.4314 kcal/kgC
---C-----ONa

=
=

5. Na-Linoleat (C18H31O2Na)
CH3--=
1 x 36,84 =
---CH2--- =
12 x 30,4 =
---CH=
=
4 x 15,91 =

36.84 kj/kmolC
364.8 kj/kmolC
63.64 kj/kmolC

1 x 53 =
53 kj/kmolC
1 x 0,035 =
0.035 kj/kmolC
=
518.315 kj/kmolC
168,191 x 0,24 =
124.396 kcal/kmolC
BM Na-Linoleat = 302.45 kg/kmol
Cp = 124,396/ 302,45 =
0.4113 kcal/kgC
---C-----ONa

=
=

d. Heat Capacity komponen lain

1.
Cp H2O =
(Perry,edisi 6)
=
0.9987 kcal/kgC pada suhu 0- 100C
=
1.0043 kcal/kgC pada suhu 100- 105C
=
1.0301 kcal/kgC pada suhu 105- 17041C
2.
Cp uap air =
1.888 kj/kgK (Appendiks A.2-12, Geankoplis)
=
0.453 kcal/kgC

B-11
APPENDIKS B

B-11
APPENDIKS B
3.
Cp Gliserol = 0.24 kcal/kgC
4.
Cp NaOH =
0.48 kcal/kgC
5.
Cp FFA
= 0.498 kcal/kgC
6.
Cp Impurities = 0.337 kcal/kgC
7.
Cp Phospatida= 0.45 kcal/kgC

(Coulson, edisi 6)

2. Perhitungan Hf
* Data untuk menentukan Hf komponen
a.
C=C =
147
kcal/mol
b.
CC =
83
kcal/mol
c.
CH =
99
kcal/mol
d.
CO =
84
kcal/mol
e.
OH =
111
kcal/mol
f.
C=O =
170
kcal/mol
g.
Na O =
20.083
kcal/mol
a. Hf Trigliserida
1. Tri-Palmitat (C51H98O6)
CC =
47 x 83 =
CH =
98 x 99 =
CO =
6 x 84 =
C=O =
3 x 170 =
=

3901
9702
504
510
14617

kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol

2. Tri-Miristat (C45H86O6)
CC =
41 x 83 =
CH =
86 x 99 =
CO =
6 x 84 =
C=O =
3 x 170 =
=

3403
8514
504
510
12931

kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol

3. Tri-Stearat (C57H110O6)
CC =
53 x 83 =
CH =
110 x 99 =
CO =
6 x 84 =

4399 kcal/mol
10890 kcal/mol
504 kcal/mol

B-11
APPENDIKS B
C=O =
3 x 170 =
=
4. Tri-Oleat (C57H104O6)
C=C =
3 x 147 =
CC =
47 x 83 =
CH =
104 x 99 =
CO =
6 x 84 =
C=O =
3 x 170 =
=

510 kcal/mol
16303 kcal/mol
441
3901
10296
504
510
15652

kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol

882
3901
10296
504
510
16093

kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol

b. Hf FFA
1. Asam Palmitat (C16H32O2)
CC =
15 x 83 =
CH =
31 x 99 =
CO =
1 x 84 =
OH =
1 x 111 =
C=O =
1 x 170 =
=

1245
3069
84
111
170
4679

kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol

2. Asam Miristat (C14H28O2)

CC =
13 x 83 =
CH =
27 x 99 =
CO =
1 x 84 =
OH =
1 x 111 =
C=O =
1 x 170 =
=

1079
2673
84
111
170
4117

kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol

5. Tri-Linoleat (C57H98O6)
C=C =
6 x 147 =
CC =
47 x 83 =
CH =
104 x 99 =
CO =
6 x 84 =
C=O =
3 x 170 =
=

B-11
APPENDIKS B

3. Asam Stearat (C18H36O2)

CC =
17 x 83 =
CH =
35 x 99 =
CO =
1 x 84 =
OH =
1 x 111 =
C=O =
1 x 170 =
=

1411
3465
84
111
170
5241

kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol

4. Asam Oleat (C18H33O2)

C=C =
1 x 147 =
CC =
16 x 83 =
CH =
33 x 99 =
CO =
1 x 84 =
OH =
1 x 111 =
C=O =
1 x 170 =
=

147
1328
3267
84
111
170
5107

kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol

5. Asam Linoleat (C18H32O2)

C=C =
2 x 147 =
CC =
15 x 83 =
CH =
31 x 99 =
CO =
1 x 84 =
OH =
1 x 111 =
C=O =
1 x 170 =
=

294
1245
3069
84
111
170
4973

kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol

c. Hf Komponen Na (Sabun)
1. Na-Palmitat (C16H31O2Na)
CC =
15 x 83 =
1245
CH =
31 x 99 =
3069
CO =
1 x 84 =
84
C=O =
1 x 170 =
170
Na O =
1 x 20,0832 = 20.0832

kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol

B-11
APPENDIKS B
=

4588.08 kcal/mol

T =

B-11
APPENDIKS B
2. Na-Miristat (C14H27O2Na)
CC =
13 x 83 =
1079
CH =
27 x 99 =
2673
CO =
1 x 84 =
84
C=O =
1 x 170 =
170
Na O =
1 x 20,0832 = 20.1
=
4026

kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol

3. Na-Stearat (C18H35O2Na)
CC =
17 x 83 =
1411
CH =
35 x 99 =
3465
CO =
1 x 84 =
84
C=O =
1 x 170 =
170
Na O =
1 x 20,0832 = 20.1
=
5150

kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol

4. Na-Oleat (C18H33O2Na)
C=C =
1 x 147 =
147
CC =
16 x 83 =
1328
CH =
33 x 99 =
3267
CO =
1 x 84 =
84
C=O =
1 x 170 =
170
Na O =
1 x 20,0832 = 20.1
= 5016

kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol

5. Na-Linoleat (C18H31O2Na)
C=C =
2 x 147 =
294
CC =
15 x 83 =
1245
CH =
31 x 99 =
3069
CO =
1 x 84 =
84
C=O =
1 x 170 =
170
Na O =
1 x 20,0832 = 20.1
=
4882

kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol

B-11
APPENDIKS B
d. Hf Gliserol
CC =
2 x 83 =
CH =
5 x 99 =
CO =
3 x 84 =
OH =
3 x 111 =
=
e. Hf komponen lain
a. Larutan NaOH =
-102
b. H2O
=
-68.3
+
c. Ion Na
= -57.28
+
d. Ion H
=
0

166
495
252
333
1246

kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol

kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol

B-11
APPENDIKS B
Impurities
Total

204.6581
204.658

0.337

0.0000
0

Suhu bahan keluar =

70 C
T =
70 - 25 =
45 C
H minyak = m x Cp x T
Enthalphy bahan keluar
Komponen CPO
Trigliserida
Tri-palmitat
Tri-miristat
Tri-stearat
Tri-oleat
Tri-linoleat
FFA
Asam palmitat
Asam miristat
Asam stearat
Asam oleat
Asam linoleat
Phospatida
Impurities
Total

Massa (kg)

Cp (kcal/kg C)

H (kcal)

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

0
0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

0
0
0
0
0

0.000
204.658
204.658

0.0000
0
0.3370 3103.6402
3103.6402

Perhitungan massa steam (ms) adalah sebagai berikut :

Steam jenuh yang digunakan =
250 C
H steam
=
ms x Hv
=
ms x 672,36
=
672.36
ms kcal
H kondensat
=
ms x HI
=
ms x 260,486
=
260.486
ms kcal

B-11
APPENDIKS B
Q loss

=
=
=

5% x (H steam - H kondensat)
5% x (672,36 ms - 260,486 ms)
20.5935

Neraca Panas :
Hbahan masuk + Hsteam = Hbahan keluar + Hkondensat + Qloss
244977,25 + 672,36 ms = 2204795,2 + 260,486 ms + 20,5935 ms
ms =
7.932
kg
H Steam

H Kondensat =
Q Loss

Q yang disupply

672.36 ms = 672,36 x 5008,729

=
5333 kcal
260.49 ms = 260,49 x 5008,729
= 2066.1772 kcal
20.594 ms = 20,594 x 5008,729
= 163.34782 kcal
=
=
=

H Steam - H Kondensat
3367669 - 1304703,8
3267 kcal

Neraca panas pada Heater

Masuk (kcal)
Keluar (kcal)
H minyak
0
H minyak
3103.640245
Q supply oleh steam
3267
Q Loss
163.3478167
Total
3266.988062 Total
3266.988062
2. Heater Degumming
Suhu bahan masuk =
70 C
T = 70 - 25C =
45 C
H minyak = m x Cp x T
Enthalphy bahan masuk

B-11
APPENDIKS B
Enthalphy bahan masuk
Komponen CPO

Massa (kg)

Trigliserida
Tri-palmitat
Tri-miristat
Tri-stearat
Tri-oleat
Tri-linoleat
FFA
Asam palmitat
Asam miristat
Asam stearat
Asam oleat
Asam linoleat
Phospatida
Impurities
Total

Cp (kcal/kg C)

H (kcal)

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

0
0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

0
0
0
0
0

0.000
204.658
204.658

0.0000
0.3370

0
0
0

Suhu bahan keluar = 90 C

T =
90 - 25 =
65 C
H minyak = m x Cp x T
Enthalphy bahan keluar
Komponen CPO
Trigliserida
Tri-palmitat
Tri-miristat
Tri-stearat
Tri-oleat
Tri-linoleat
FFA
Asam palmitat

Massa (kg)

Cp (kcal/kg C)

H (kcal)

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000

0.0000

0.000

B-11
APPENDIKS B
Asam miristat
Asam stearat
Asam oleat
Asam linoleat
Phospatida
Impurities
Total

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
204.658
204.658

0.0000
0.3370

0.000
4483.036
4483.036

Perhitungan massa steam (ms) adalah sebagai berikut :

Steam jenuh yang digunakan
=
250 C
H steam
=
ms x Hv
=
ms x 672,36
=
672.36 ms kcal
H kondensat
=
ms x HI
=
ms x 260,486
=
260.486 ms kcal
Q loss

=
=
=

5% x (H steam - H kondensat)
5% x (672,36 ms - 260,486 ms)
20.5935 kcal

Neraca Panas :
Hbahan masuk + Hsteam = Hbahan keluar + Hkondensat + Qloss
244977,25 + 672,36 ms = 3184704,244+260,486ms+20,5935ms
ms =
11.457
kg
H Steam

H Kondensat =
Q Loss

672 ms =
=
260 ms =
=
20.6 ms =
=

672,36 x 7513,094
7703 kcal
260,49 x 7513,094
2984.52 kcal
20,594 x 7513,094
235.953 kcal

B-11
APPENDIKS B
Q yang disupply

=
=
=

H Steam - H Kondensat
5051504 - 1957086
4719 kcal

Neraca panas pada Heater

Masuk (kcal)
H minyak
0
Q supply oleh steam
4719
Total
4718.936926
0.051558

Keluar (kcal)
H minyak 4483.036
Q Loss
235.952575
Total
4718.988484

1. PreHeater (Storage)
Suhu bahan masuk =
T =
30 - 25C =
H minyak =

30 C
5 C
m x Cp x T

Enthalphy bahan masuk

Komponen CPO
Trigliserida
Tri-palmitat
Tri-miristat
Tri-stearat
Tri-oleat
Tri-linoleat
FFA
Asam palmitat
Asam miristat
Asam stearat
Asam oleat
Asam linoleat
Phospatida
Impurities
Total
Suhu bahan keluar =
T =
70 - 25 =
H minyak = m x Cp x T

Cp (kcal/kg C)

Massa (kg)
41165.517
1029.138
4210.110
37703.871
9449.357

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

1586.588
39.665
162.265
1453.170
364.194

0.50766
0.50696
0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

87.711
204.658
97456.243

0.45
0.337

70 C
45 C

Enthalphy bahan keluar

Komponen CPO
Trigliserida
Tri-palmitat
Tri-miristat
Tri-stearat
Tri-oleat
Tri-linoleat
FFA
Asam palmitat
Asam miristat
Asam stearat
Asam oleat
Asam linoleat
Phospatida
Impurities
Total

Cp (kcal/kg C)

Massa (kg)
41165.517
1029.138
4210.110
37703.871
9449.357

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

1586.588
39.665
162.265
1453.170
364.194

0.50766
0.50696
0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

87.711
204.658
97456.243

0.45000
0.33700

Perhitungan massa steam (ms) adalah sebagai berikut :

Steam jenuh yang digunakan

H steam/ H vapor

H kondensat/ H liquid

Q loss

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

250
ms x
ms x 411,874
411.874
ms x HI
ms x 260,486
260.486
5% x H steam
5% x 411,874 ms
20.594

Neraca Panas :
H bahan masuk + H steam = H bahan keluar + H kondensat + Q loss
244977,25 + 411,874 ms
= 2204795,2 + 260,486 ms + 20,5935 ms
ms =
14983.97099 kg
H Steam

H Kondensat

Q Loss

Neraca panas pada Heater

Masuk (kcal)
H minyak
H steam
Total

2. Heater Degumming
Suhu bahan masuk =
T =
70 - 25 =
H minyak =

411.874 ms =
=
260.486 ms =
=
20.594 ms =
=

Keluar (kcal)
244977.250 H minyak
6171508.07 H kondensat
Q loss
6416485.316 Total

2204795
3903114.666
308575.4033
6416485.316

70 C
45 C
m x Cp x T

Enthalphy bahan masuk

Komponen CPO
Trigliserida
Tri-palmitat
Tri-miristat
Tri-stearat
Tri-oleat
Tri-linoleat
FFA
Asam palmitat
Asam miristat

Cp (kcal/kg C)

Massa (kg)
41165.517
1029.138
4210.110
37703.871
9449.357

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

1586.588
39.665

0.50766
0.50696

Asam stearat
Asam oleat
Asam linoleat
Phospatida
Impurities
Total

162.265
1453.170
364.194

0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

87.711
204.658
97456.243

0.45000
0.33700

90 C
65 C

Suhu bahan keluar =

T =
90 - 25 =
H minyak = m x Cp x T
Enthalphy bahan keluar
Komponen CPO

Cp (kcal/kg C)

Massa (kg)

Trigliserida
Tri-palmitat
Tri-miristat
Tri-stearat
Tri-oleat
Tri-linoleat
FFA
Asam palmitat
Asam miristat
Asam stearat
Asam oleat
Asam linoleat
Phospatida
Impurities
Total

41165.517
1029.138
4210.110
37703.871
9449.357

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

1586.588
39.665
162.265
1453.170
364.194

0.50766
0.50696
0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

87.711
204.658
97456.243

0.45000
0.33700

Perhitungan massa steam (ms) adalah sebagai berikut :

Steam jenuh yang digunakan
=
250
ms x
H steam
=
=
ms x 411,874
=
411.874
H kondensat
=
ms x HL
=
ms x 260,486
=
260.486
Q loss
=
5% x H steam
=
5% x 411,874 ms kcal
=
20.594
Neraca Panas :
H bahan masuk + H steam = H bahan keluar + H kondensat + Q loss
2204795,246 + 411,874 ms
= 3184704,244 + 260,486 ms + 20,5935 ms
ms =
7491.985493 kg
H Steam

411.874 ms =

H Kondensat

Q Loss

Neraca panas pada Heater

Masuk (kcal)
H minyak
H steam
Total

3. Tangki Degumming
Suhu bahan masuk =
T =
90 - 25 =
H minyak = m x Cp x T

=
260.486 ms =
=
20.594 ms =
=

Keluar (kcal)
2204795.246 H minyak
3085754.03 H kondensat
Q loss
5290549.279 Total

3184704.244
1951557.333
154287.7016
5290549.279

90 C
65 C

Enthalphy bahan masuk

Komponen CPO
Trigliserida
Tri-palmitat
Tri-miristat
Tri-stearat
Tri-oleat
Tri-linoleat
FFA
Asam palmitat
Asam miristat
Asam stearat
Asam oleat
Asam linoleat
Phospatida
Impurities
Total
Komponen

Cp (kcal/kg C)

Massa (kg)
41165.517
1029.138
4210.110
37703.871
9449.357

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

1586.588
39.665
162.265
1453.170
364.194

0.50766
0.50696
0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

87.711
204.658
97456.243

0.45000
0.33700

Cp (kcal/kg C)

Massa (kg)

H3PO4

140.8243

0.1357

H2O
Total

24.8513
165.6756

0.9987

Komponen

Massa (kg)

Cp (kcal/kg C)

H2O
Total

65.7830

0.9987

90 C
65 C

Suhu bahan keluar =

T =
90 - 25 =
H minyak = m x Cp x T
Enthalphy bahan keluar
Komponen CPO

Cp (kcal/kg C)

Massa (kg)

Trigliserida
Tri-palmitat
Tri-miristat
Tri-stearat
Tri-oleat
Tri-linoleat
FFA
Asam palmitat
Asam miristat
Asam stearat
Asam oleat
Asam linoleat
Impurities
GumPhospat
H2O
Total

41165.517
1029.138
4210.110
37703.871
9449.357

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

1586.588
39.665
162.265
1453.170
364.194

0.50766
0.50696
0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

204.658
228.535
90.634

0.33700
0.24450
0.99870

Perhitungan massa steam (ms) adalah sebagai berikut :

Steam jenuh yang digunakan
=
250
ms x
H steam
=
=
ms x 411,874
=
411.874
H kondensat
=
ms x HL
=
ms x 260,486
=
260.486
Q loss
=
5% x H steam
=
5% x 411,874 ms kcal
=
20.594
Neraca Panas :
3185252,3758 + 672,36 ms

H bahan masuk + H steam = H bahan keluar + H kondensat + Q loss

= 3191654,271 + 260,486 ms + 20,5935 ms
ms =
48.94628252 kg

H Steam

H Kondensat

Q Loss

411.874 ms =
=
260.486 ms =
=
20.594 ms =

=
Neraca panas pada tanki degumming
Masuk (kcal)
H minyak
3184704.244
H lar. H3PO4
219.644
H Air wash
328.487
H steam
20159.701
Total
3205412.077

4. Cooler
Suhu bahan masuk =
T =
90 - 25 =
H minyak = m x Cp x T

Keluar (kcal)
H minyak
H kondensat
Q Loss

3191654.271
12749.8
1007.985

Total

3205412.077

90 C
65 C

Enthalphy bahan masuk

Komponen CPO
Trigliserida
Tri-palmitat
Tri-miristat
Tri-stearat
Tri-oleat
Tri-linoleat
FFA
Asam palmitat
Asam miristat
Asam stearat
Asam oleat
Asam linoleat
Impurities
H2O
Total
Suhu bahan keluar =
T =
70 - 25 =
H minyak = m x Cp x T

Cp (kcal/kg C)

Massa (kg)
41165.517
1029.138
4210.110
37703.871
9449.357

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

1586.588
39.665
162.265
1453.170
364.194

0.50766
0.50696
0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

20.466
0.453
97184.793

0.33700
0.99870

70 C
45 C

Enthalphy bahan keluar

Komponen CPO
Trigliserida
Tri-palmitat
Tri-miristat
Tri-stearat
Tri-oleat
Tri-linoleat

Cp (kcal/kg C)

Massa (kg)
41165.517
1029.138
4210.110
37703.871
9449.357

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

FFA
Asam palmitat
Asam miristat
Asam stearat
Asam oleat
Asam linoleat
Impurities
H2O
Total
Air yang digunakan
ma x Cp x T
H air masuk =
=
ma x 0,9987 x (30-25)
=
4.9935
H air keluar =
ma x Cp x T
=
ma x 0,9987 x (45-25)
=
19.974
Perhitungan massa air yang digunakan :
H bahan masuk =
3178133.394
H air =
4.9935
Enthalpy keluar sistem
H bahan keluar =
2200246.196
H air =
19.974

1586.588
39.665
162.265
1453.170
364.194

0.50766
0.50696
0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

20.466
0.453
97184.793

0.33700
0.99870

ma (kcal)

ma (kcal)
kcal
ma (kcal)
kcal
ma (kcal)

Neraca panas :
H bahan masuk + Hair = H bahan keluar + H air
3178133,394 + 4,994 ma = 2200246,394 + 19,974 ma
ma =
65277.340 kg
maka:
H air masuk = 4,994 x 65279,519 =
H air keluar = 19,974 x 65279,519 =
Q yang diserap air pendingin =
=
Neraca panas pada cooler
Masuk (kcal)
H minyak
H air
Total
5. Tangki Netralisasi
Suhu bahan masuk =
T =
70 - 25 =
H minyak = m x Cp x T

325962.3994 kcal
1303849.6 kcal
1303893,1 - 326005,9
977887.2 kcal

Keluar (kcal)
3178133.394 H minyak
325962.399 H Air
3504095.793 Total

2200246.196
1303849.6
3504095.793

70 C
45 C

Enthalphy bahan masuk

Komponen CPO

Massa (kg)

Cp (kcal/kg C)

Trigliserida
Tri-palmitat
Tri-miristat
Tri-stearat
Tri-oleat
Tri-linoleat
FFA
Asam palmitat
Asam miristat
Asam stearat
Asam oleat
Asam linoleat
Impurities
H2O
Total

41165.517
1029.138
4210.110
37703.871
9449.357

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

1586.588
39.665
162.265
1453.170
364.194

0.50766
0.50696
0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

20.466
0.453
97184.793

0.33700
0.99870

Larutan NaOH
Komponen

Cp (kcal/kg C)

Massa (kg)

NaOH
H2O
Total

667.9412
5371.3101

0.48
0.9987

R-COOH + NaOH R-COONa + H2O

Hf Produk - Hf Reaktan
-Hr + Hf25 + Hp

Reaksi :
Hf25 =
Hr70 =

1. Asam Palmitat
C16H32O2 + NaOH C16H31O2Na + H2O
Hf As.Palmitat =
4679 kcal/mol
Komponen
C16H32O2
NaOH
C16H31O2Na
H2O

koefisien

Hf

Mol
-1
-1
1
1

6184.121762
6184.121762
6184.121762
6184.121762

4679
-102
4588.0832
-68.3

H25
Komponen

kgmol

C16H32O2
NaOH

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
6.184
6.184

70
70

130.1784
19.31

Hr
Komponen
Na-palmitat
H2O
Hp

kgmol

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
6.184
6.184

70
70

123.714
17.1

Enthalpy reaksi total untuk asam palmitat ( H)=

H =
(-353959,3405) + 39186,4915 - (-41600,451)
=
-356249.618 kcal

H25 + Hp - Hr

2. Asam Miristat
C14H28O2 + NaOH C14H27O2Na + H2O
Hf As.Miristat =
4117 kcal/mol
Komponen
C14H28O2
NaOH
C14H27O2Na
H2O

koefisien

Hf

Mol
-1
-1
1
1

173.8809587
173.8809587
173.8809587
173.8809587

4117
-102
4026.0832
-68.3

H25
Komponen

kgmol

C14H28O2
NaOH

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
0.174
0.174

70
70

115.5864
19.31

Hr
Komponen

kgmol

Na-miristat
H2O

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
0.174
0.174

70
70

109.122
17.1

Hp
Enthalpy reaksi total untuk asam palmitat ( H)=
H =
(-9952,3897)+ 987,6421 - (-1055,516)
=
-10016.786 kcal

H25 + Hp - Hr

3. Asam stearat
C18H36O2 + NaOH C18H35O2Na + H2O
Hf As.stearat =
5241 kcal/mol
Komponen
C18H36O2
NaOH
C18H35O2Na
H2O

koefisien

Hf

Mol
-1
-1
1
1

570.1051476
570.1051476
570.1051476
570.1051476

5241
-102
5150.0832
-68.3

H25
Komponen

kgmol

C18H36O2
NaOH

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
0.570
0.570

70
70

144.7704
19.31

Hr
Komponen
Na-stearat

kgmol

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
0.570

70

138.306

H2O

0.570

70

17.1

Hp
Enthalpy reaksi total untuk asam palmitat ( H)=
H =
(-32630,9943) + 3986,8992 - (-4209,439)
=
-32842.132 kcal

H25 + Hp - Hr

4. Asam Oleat
C18H33O2 + NaOH C18H32O2Na + H2O
Hf As.oleat =
5107 kcal/mol
Komponen
C18H33O2
NaOH
C18H33O2Na
H2O

koefisien

Hf

Mol
-1
-1
1
1

5141.938809
5141.938809
5141.938809
5141.938809

5107
-102
5016.0832
-68.3

H25
Komponen

kgmol

C18H33O2
NaOH

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
5.142
5.142

70
70

137.8152
19.31

Hr
Komponen

kgmol

Na-Oleat
H2O

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
5.142
5.142

70
70

131.3508
17.1

Hp
Enthalpy reaksi total untuk asam palmitat ( H)=
H =
(-294308,1232) + 34349,6218 - (-36356,767)
=
-296212.430 kcal

H25 + Hp - Hr

5. Asam linoleat
C18H32O2 + NaOH C18H31O2Na + H2O
Hf As.linoleat =
4973 kcal/mol
Komponen
C18H32O2
NaOH
C18H31O2Na
H2O

koefisien

Hf

Mol
-1
-1
1
1

1297.956439
1297.956439
1297.956439
1297.956439

4973
-102
4882.0832
-68.3

H25
Komponen

kgmol

C18H32O2
NaOH

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
1.298
1.298

70
70

130.8600
19.31

Hr
Komponen

kgmol

T(C)

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

Komponen

kgmol

Na-linoleat
H2O

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
1.298
1.298

70
70

124.3956
17.1

Hp
Enthalpy reaksi total untuk asam palmitat ( H)=
H =
(-74290,873) + 8264,4806 - (-8771,135)
=
-74771.569 kcal

H25 + Hp - Hr

1. Tri-Palmitat
C51H98O6 + 3NaOH 3C15H31COONa + C3H8O3
Hf Tri-Palmitat =
14617 kcal/mol
Komponen
C51H98O6
NaOH
C15H31COONa
Gliserol

koefisien

Hf

Mol
-1
-3
3
1

509.8907161
509.8907161
509.8907161
509.8907161

14617
-102
4588.0832
1246

H25
Komponen

kgmol

C51H98O6
NaOH

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
0.5099
0.5099

70
70

416.0544
19.31

Hr
Komponen

kgmol

Na-palmitat
Gliserol

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
0.5099
0.5099

70
70

123.714
21.77

Hp
Enthalpy reaksi total untuk asam palmitat ( H)=
H =
356540,8793 + 3338,1423 - (-9989,472)
=
349889.550 kcal

H25 + Hp - Hr

2. Tri-Miristat
C45H86O6 + 3NaOH 3C13H27COONa + C3H8O3
Hf Tri-Miristat =
12931 kcal/mol
Komponen
C45H86O6
NaOH
C13H27COONa
Gliserol

koefisien

Hf

Mol
-1
-3
3
1

14.23092671
14.23092671
14.23092671
14.23092671

12931
-102
4026.0832
1246

H25
Komponen

kgmol

T(C)

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

C45H86O6
NaOH

0.0142
0.0142

70
70

372.2784
19.31

Hr
Komponen

kgmol

Na-miristat
Gliserol

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
0.0142
0.0142

70
70

109.122
21.77

Hp
Enthalpy reaksi total untuk asam palmitat ( H)=
H =
9950,9698 + 83,8222 - (-250,770)
=
9784.022 kcal

H25 + Hp - Hr

3. Tri-Stearat
C57H110O6 + 3NaOH 3C17H35COONa + C3H8O3
Hf Tri-Stearat =
16303 kcal/mol
Komponen
C57H110O6
NaOH
C17H35COONa
Gliserol

koefisien

Hf

Mol
-1
-3
3
1

47.22501066
47.22501066
47.22501066
47.22501066

16303
-102
5150.0832
1246

H25
Komponen

kgmol

C57H110O6
NaOH

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
0.0472
0.0472

70
70

459.8304
19.31

Hr
Komponen

kgmol

Na-stearat
Gliserol

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
0.0472
0.0472

70
70

138.306
21.77

Hp
Enthalpy reaksi total untuk asam palmitat ( H)=
H =
33022,0698 + 340,1816 - (-1018,233)
=
32344.018 kcal

H25 + Hp - Hr

4. Tri-Oleat
C57H104O6 + 3NaOH 3C17H33COONa + C3H8O3
Hf Tri-oleat =
15652 kcal/mol
Komponen
C57H104O6
NaOH
C17H33COONa
Gliserol
H25

koefisien

Hf

Mol
-1
-3
3
1

425.8159277
425.8159277
425.8159277
425.8159277

15652
-102
5016.0832
1246

Komponen

kgmol

C57H104O6
NaOH

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
0.4258
0.4258

70
70

438.9648
19.31

Hr
Komponen

kgmol

Na-Oleat
Gliserol

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
0.4258
0.4258

70
70

131.3508
21.77

Hp
Enthalpy reaksi total untuk asam palmitat ( H)=
H =
403779,7831 + 2934,0574 - (-8781,332)
=
397932.509 kcal

H25 + Hp - Hr

5. Tri-linoleat
C57H98O6 + 3NaOH 3C17H31COONa + C3H8O3
Hf Tri-linoleat =
16093 kcal/mol
Komponen
C57H98O6
NaOH
C17H31COONa
Gliserol

koefisien

Hf

Mol
-1
-3
3
1

107.4523235
107.4523235
107.4523235
107.4523235

16093
-102
4882.0832
1246

H25
Komponen

kgmol

C57H98O6
NaOH

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
0.1075
0.1075

70
70

418.0992
19.31

Hr
Komponen
Na-linoleat
Gliserol

kgmol

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
0.1075
0.1075

70
70

124.3956
21.77

Hp
Enthalpy reaksi total untuk asam palmitat ( H)=
H =
11309,314 + 706,7625 - (-2115,029)
=
9901.048 kcal

H25 + Hp - Hr

Enthalpy bahan keluar dari tangki netralisasi pada suhu 70 C

Komponen
Trigliserida
Tri-Palmitat
Tri-Miristat
Tri-Stearat
Tri-Oleat
Tri-Linoleat

Massa (kg)
40753.862
1018.847
4168.009
37326.833
9354.864

Cp(kcal/kgC)
45
45
45
45
45

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

FFA
As.Palmitat
As.Miristat
As.Stearat
As.Oleat
As.linoleat
Impurities
Air
NaOH sisa
gliserol
Na-palmitat
Na-Miristat
Na-Stearat
Na-Oleat
Na-Linolenat

0.79329
0.01983
0.08113
0.72659
0.18210

45
45
45
45
45

0.5077
0.5070
0.5089
0.4879
0.4666

20.4658
5612.3873
0.6673
101.6246
2147.7516
53.2042
218.1464
1954.5106
490.0638

45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45

0.3370
0.9987
0.48
0.24
0.4443
0.4365
0.4513
0.4314
0.4113

Total
Enthalpy Reaksi
Komponen
Palmitat
Miristat
Stearat
Oleat
Linoleat
Total

TGS

FFA
349889.550
9784.022
32344.018
397932.509
9901.048

Jumlah
-356249.618
-10016.786
-32842.132
-296212.430
-74771.569

-6360.068
-232.764
-498.114
101720.079
-64870.521
29758.612

Perhitungan massa steam (ms) adalah sebagai berikut :

Steam jenuh yang digunakan
=
250
ms x
H steam
=
=
ms x 411,874
=
411.874
H kondensat
=
ms x HL
=
ms x 260,486
=
260.486
Q loss
=
5% x H steam
=
5% x 411,874 ms kcal
=
20.594
Neraca Panas :
H bahan masuk + H steam + H NaOH = H bahan keluar + H reaksi + H kondensat + Q loss
2200246,196 + 672,36 ms + 28424,6956 = 2447427,226 + 257787,541 + 260,486 ms + 20,5935 ms
ms =
1900.04417 kg
H Steam

H Kondensat

Q Loss

411.874 ms =
=
260.486 ms =
=
20.594 ms =
=

Neraca panas pada tangki netralisasi

Masuk (kcal)
Keluar (kcal)
H minyak
2200246.196 H minyak
2447427.226
H lar. NaOH
28424.696 H reaksi
29758.612
H steam
782578.792 Q Loss
39128.940
H kondensat
494934.906
Total
3011249.684 Total
3011249.684

6. Heater Bleaching
Suhu bahan masuk =
T =
70 - 25 =
H minyak = m x Cp x T

70 C
45 C

Enthalphy bahan masuk

Komponen

Massa (kg)

Trigliserida
Tri-Palmitat
Tri-Miristat
Tri-Stearat
Tri-Oleat
Tri-Linoleat
FFA
As.Palmitat
As.Miristat
As.Stearat
As.Oleat
As.linoleat
Impurities
Air
Total

Cp(kcal/kgC)

40065.580
1001.640
4097.616
36696.429
9196.872

45
45
45
45
45

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

0.780
0.019
0.080
0.714
0.179

45
45
45
45
45

0.50766
0.50696
0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

20.120
561.193
91641.2234

45
45

0.33700
0.99870

120 C
95 C

Suhu bahan keluar =

T =
120 - 25 =
H minyak = m x Cp x T
Enthalphy bahan keluar
Komponen
Trigliserida
Tri-Palmitat
Tri-Miristat
Tri-Stearat
Tri-Oleat
Tri-Linoleat

Massa (kg)
40065.580
1001.640
4097.616
36696.429
9196.872

Cp(kcal/kgC)
95
95
95
95
95

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

FFA
As.Palmitat
As.Miristat
As.Stearat
As.Oleat
As.linoleat
Impurities
Air
Total

0.780
0.019
0.080
0.714
0.179

95
95
95
95
95

0.50766
0.50696
0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

20.120
561.193
91641.223

95
95

0.33700
0.99870

Perhitungan massa steam (ms) adalah sebagai berikut :

Steam jenuh yang digunakan
=
250
ms x
H steam
=
=
ms x 411,874
=
411.874
H kondensat
=
ms x HL
=
ms x 260,486
=
260.486
Q loss
=
5% x H steam
=
5% x 411,874 ms kcal
=
20.594
Neraca Panas :
H bahan masuk + H steam = H bahan keluar + H kondensat + Q loss
2088430,919 + 411,874 ms
= 4408909,718 + 260,486 ms + 20,5935 ms
ms =
17741.43674 kg
H Steam

H Kondensat

Q Loss

Neraca panas pada Heater bleaching

Masuk (kcal)
H minyak
H steam
Total

7. Heater Deodorisasi
Suhu bahan masuk =
T =
120 - 25 =
H minyak = m x Cp x T

411.874 ms =
=
260.486 ms =
=
20.594 ms =
=

Keluar (kcal)
2088430.919 H minyak
7307236.51 H kondensat
Q loss
9395667.433 Total

120 C
95 C

4408909.718
4621395.89
365361.8257
9395667.433

Enthalphy bahan masuk

Komponen

Massa (kg)

Trigliserida
Tri-Palmitat
Tri-Miristat
Tri-Stearat
Tri-Oleat
Tri-Linoleat
FFA
As.Palmitat
As.Miristat
As.Stearat
As.Oleat
As.linoleat
Impurities
Air
Total

Cp(kcal/kgC)

39945.384
998.635
4085.323
36586.340
9169.281

95
95
95
95
95

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

0.778
0.019
0.080
0.712
0.178

95
95
95
95
95

0.50766
0.50696
0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

6.036
559.510
91352.276

95
95

0.33700
0.99870

160 C
135 C

Suhu bahan keluar =

T =
160 - 25 =
H minyak = m x Cp x T
Enthalphy bahan keluar
Komponen
Trigliserida
Tri-Palmitat
Tri-Miristat
Tri-Stearat
Tri-Oleat
Tri-Linoleat
FFA
As.Palmitat
As.Miristat
As.Stearat
As.Oleat
As.linoleat
Impurities
Air
Total

Massa (kg)

Cp(kcal/kgC)

39945.384
998.635
4085.323
36586.340
9169.281

135
135
135
135
135

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

0.778
0.019
0.080
0.712
0.178

135
135
135
135
135

0.50766
0.50696
0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

6.036
559.510
91352.276

135
135

0.33700
0.99870

Perhitungan massa steam (ms) adalah sebagai berikut :

Steam jenuh yang digunakan
=
ms x
H steam
=
=
ms x 411,874
=
411.874
H kondensat
=
ms x HL

250

=
=
=
=
=

Q loss

ms x 260,486
260.486
5% x H steam
5% x 411,874 ms kcal
20.594

Neraca Panas :
H bahan masuk + H steam = H bahan keluar + H kondensat + Q loss
4395234,018 + 411,874 ms
= 6245858,868 + 260,486 ms + 20,5935 ms
ms =
14149.12462 kg
H Steam

H Kondensat

Q Loss

411.874 ms =
=
260.486 ms =
=
20.594 ms =
=

Neraca panas pada Heater deodorisasi

Masuk (kcal)
Keluar (kcal)
H minyak
4395234.018 H minyak
6245858.868
H steam
5827656.55 H kondensat
3685648.875
Q loss
291382.8276
Total
10222890.570 Total
10222890.570

8. Deodorisasi
Suhu bahan masuk =
T =
160 - 25 =
H minyak = m x Cp x T

160 C
135 C

Enthalphy bahan masuk

Komponen
Trigliserida
Tri-Palmitat
Tri-Miristat
Tri-Stearat
Tri-Oleat
Tri-Linoleat
FFA
As.Palmitat
As.Miristat
As.Stearat
As.Oleat
As.linoleat
Impurities

Massa (kg)

Cp(kcal/kgC)

39945.384
998.635
4085.323
36586.340
9169.281

135
135
135
135
135

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

0.778
0.019
0.080
0.712
0.178

135
135
135
135
135

0.50766
0.50696
0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

6.036

135

0.33700

Air
Total

559.510
91352.276

135

0.99870

235 C
210 C

Suhu bahan keluar =

T =
235 - 25 =
H minyak = m x Cp x T
Enthalphy bahan keluar
Komponen

Massa (kg)

Trigliserida
Tri-Palmitat
Tri-Miristat
Tri-Stearat
Tri-Oleat
Tri-Linoleat
FFA
As.Palmitat
As.Miristat
As.Stearat
As.Oleat
As.linoleat
Impurities
Air
Total

Cp(kcal/kgC)

39743.017
993.575
4064.627
36400.991
9122.829

210
210
210
210
210

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

0.774
0.019
0.079
0.709
0.178

210
210
210
210
210

0.50766
0.50696
0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

0.000
556.675
90883.473

210
210

0.33700
0.99870

Perhitungan massa steam (ms) adalah sebagai berikut :

Steam jenuh yang digunakan
=
250
ms x
H steam
=
=
ms x 411,874
=
411.874
H kondensat
=
ms x HL
=
ms x 260,486
=
260.486
Q loss
=
5% x H steam
=
5% x 411,874 ms kcal
=
20.594
Neraca Panas :
H bahan masuk + H steam = H bahan keluar + H vapor + H kondensat + Q loss
6245858,868 + 411,874 ms
= 9666134,587 + 315204,3194 + 260,486 ms + 20,5935 ms
ms =
75520.42914 kg
H Steam

H Kondensat

Q Loss

411.874 ms =
=
260.486 ms =
=
20.594 ms =
=

Neraca panas pada Tangki deodorisasi

Masuk (kcal)
Keluar (kcal)
H minyak
6245858.868 H minyak
9666134.587
H steam
31104901.23 H kondensat
19672014.51
Q loss
1555245.062
H vapor
6457365.946
Total
37350760.100 Total
37350760.100

9. Cooler
Suhu bahan masuk =
T =
235 - 25 =
H minyak = m x Cp x T

235 C
210 C

Enthalphy bahan masuk

Komponen CPO
Trigliserida
Tri-palmitat
Tri-miristat
Tri-stearat
Tri-oleat
Tri-linoleat
FFA
Asam palmitat
Asam miristat
Asam stearat
Asam oleat
Asam linoleat
Impurities
H2O
Total
Suhu bahan keluar =
T =
140 - 25 =
H minyak = m x Cp x T

Cp (kcal/kg C)

Massa (kg)
39743.017
993.575
4064.627
36400.991
9122.829

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

0.774
0.019
0.079
0.709
0.178

0.50766
0.50696
0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

0.000
556.675
90883.473

0.33700
0.99870

140 C
115 C

Enthalphy bahan keluar

Komponen CPO
Trigliserida
Tri-palmitat
Tri-miristat
Tri-stearat
Tri-oleat
Tri-linoleat
FFA

Cp (kcal/kg C)

Massa (kg)
39743.017
993.575
4064.627
36400.991
9122.829

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

Asam palmitat
Asam miristat
Asam stearat
Asam oleat
Asam linoleat
Impurities
H2O
Total
Air yang digunakan
ma x Cp x T
H air masuk =
=
ma x 0,9987 x (30-25)
=
4.9935
H air keluar =
ma x Cp x T
=
ma x 0,9987 x (45-25)
=
19.974
Perhitungan massa air yang digunakan :
H bahan masuk =
9666134.587
H air =
4.9935
Enthalpy keluar sistem
H bahan keluar =
5293359.417
H air =
19.974

0.774
0.019
0.079
0.709
0.178

0.50766
0.50696
0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

0.000
556.675
90883.473

0.33700
0.99870

ma (kcal)

ma (kcal)
kcal
ma (kcal)
kcal
ma (kcal)

Neraca panas :
H bahan masuk + Hair = H bahan keluar + H air
3178133,394 + 4,994 ma = 2200246,394 + 19,974 ma
ma =
291897.812 kg
maka:
H air masuk = 4,994 x 65279,519 =
H air keluar = 19,974 x 65279,519 =
Q yang diserap air pendingin =
=
Neraca panas pada cooler
Masuk (kcal)
H minyak
Hair

1457591.723 kcal
5830366.9 kcal
1303893,1 - 326005,9
4372775.2 kcal

Keluar (kcal)
9666134.587 H minyak
1457591.723 H Air

Total
11123726.310 Total
10. Tangki Hodrogenasi
Suhu bahan masuk =
140 C
T =
140 - 25 =
115 C
H minyak = m x Cp x T

5293359.417
5830366.9
11123726.310

Enthalphy bahan masuk

Komponen CPO
Trigliserida

Massa (kg)

Cp (kcal/kg C)

Tri-palmitat
Tri-miristat
Tri-stearat
Tri-oleat
Tri-linoleat

39743.017
993.575
4064.627
36400.991
9122.829

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

0.774
0.019
0.079
0.709
0.178

0.50766
0.50696
0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

0.000
556.675
90883.473

0.33700
0.99870

FFA
Asam palmitat
Asam miristat
Asam stearat
Asam oleat
Asam linoleat
Impurities
H2O
Total
Komponen

Cp (kcal/kg C)

Massa (kg)

Nikel
H2
Total
1. Tri-oleat
Komponen
C57H104O6(tak jenuh)
H2
C17H33COO(jenuh)
H25

18.1767
409.8640

koefisien

Komponen

Hf

Mol
-1
-3
1

43231.58068
43231.58068
43231.58068

kgmol

C57H104O6(tak jenuh)
H2

0.109
0.013

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
43.2316
43.2316

14911
0
15460

140
140

417.0768
0.007

Hr
Komponen

kgmol

C17H33COO(jenuh)

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
43.2316

140

437.9424

Hp
Enthalpy reaksi total untuk asam palmitat ( H)=
H =
23734137,79+3123935,4627-(-2975146,672)
=
23837839.071
kcal
2. Tri-linooleat
Komponen
C57H98O6(tak jenuh)
H2
C18H35COO(jenuh)
H25

koefisien

Hf

Mol
-1
-3
1

H25 + Hp - Hr

10912.47487
10912.47487
10912.47487

13936
0
15460

Komponen

kgmol

C57H98O6(tak jenuh)
H2

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
10.9125
10.9125

140
140

365.6640
0.007

Hr
Komponen

kgmol

C18H35COO(jenuh)

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
10.9125

140

437.9424

Hp
Enthalpy reaksi total untuk asam palmitat ( H)=
H =
16630611,7+788540,8468-(-658411,974)
=
16721307.586
kcal

H25 + Hp - Hr

1. Asam Oleat
C18H33O2 + H2 C18H36O2
Komponen

koefisien

C18H33O2
H2
C18H36O2

Mol
-1
-1
1

Hf

706.4373708
706.4373708
706.4373708

5107
0
5241

H25
Komponen

kgmol

C18H33O2
H2

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
0.706
0.706

140
140

137.8152
0.007

Hr
Komponen

kgmol

C18H36O2

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
0.706

140

144.77

Hp
Enthalpy reaksi total untuk asam palmitat ( H)=
H =
94662,6077+16874,7514-(-16064,854)
=
95227.082 kcal

H25 + Hp - Hr

2. Asam linoleat
C18H32O2 + 2H2 C18H36O2
Komponen

koefisien

C18H32O2
H2
C18H36O2

Mol
-1
-2
1

177.0475793
177.0475793
177.0475793

Hf
4973
0
5241

H25
Komponen

kgmol

T(C)

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

C18H32O2
H2

0.177
0.177

140
140

130.8600
0.007

Hr
Komponen

kgmol

C18H36O2

Cp (kcal/kmolC)

T(C)
0.177

140

144.77

Hp
Enthalpy reaksi total untuk asam palmitat ( H)=
H =
47448,751+4229,1561-(-3822,998)
=
47731.831 kcal

H25 + Hp - Hr

H total panas reaksi pada FFA = H1 + H2

=

= 127602,213 + 55500,905
142958.913 kcal

H total panas reaksi pada TGS = H1 + H2

= 29833219,927 + 18077564,525
=
40559146.657 kcal
H Total = H total panas reaksi pada TGS + H panas reaksi pada FFA
=
183103,119 + 47910784,452
=
40702105.570 kcal
Suhu bahan keluar =
T =
190 - 25 =
H minyak = m x Cp x T

190 C
165 C

Enthalphy bahan keluar

Komponen CPO
Trigliserida
Tri-palmitat
Tri-miristat
Tri-stearat
Tri-oleat
Tri-linoleat
FFA
Asam palmitat
Asam miristat
Asam stearat
Asam oleat
Asam linoleat
Impurities
H2O
Total
Komponen

Cp (kcal/kg C)

Massa (kg)

Massa (kg)

39743.017
993.575
49978.786
0.000
0.000

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

0.774
0.019
0.970
0.000
0.000

0.50766
0.50696
0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

0.000
556.675
91273.817

0.33700
0.99870

Cp (kcal/kg C)

Nikel
H2
Total

18.1767
19.5173

0.109
0.013

Perhitungan massa steam (ms) adalah sebagai berikut :

Steam jenuh yang digunakan
=
250
ms x
H steam
=
=
ms x 411,874
=
411.874
H kondensat
=
ms x HL
=
ms x 260,486
=
260.486
Q loss
=
5% x H steam
=
5% x 411,874 ms kcal
=
20.594
Neraca Panas :
5293395,964 + 411,874 ms

H bahan masuk + H steam = H bahan keluar + H kondensat + H reaksi + Q loss

= 7809171,606 + 45794788,567 + 260,486 ms + 20,5935 ms
ms =
330426.3352 kg

H Steam

H Kondensat

Q Loss

Neraca panas pada Heater deodorisasi

Masuk (kcal)
H minyak
5293359.417
H nikel
9.91
H H2
26.6412
H steam
136094016.378
Total
141387412.342

411.874 ms =
=
260.486 ms =
=
20.594 ms =
=

Keluar (kcal)
H minyak
H kondensat
Q loss
H reaksi
Total

7809171.606
86071434.35
6804700.819
40702105.570
141387412.342

T (C)

Cp (kcal/kg C)

H (kcal)

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

5
5
5
5
5

106071.138
2648.933
10857.748
93459.102
22462.865

0.50766
0.50696
0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

5
5
5
5
5

4027.209
100.542
412.878
3544.959
849.678

0.45
0.337

5
5

197.349
344.849
244977.250

T (C)

Cp (kcal/kg C)

H (kcal)

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

45
45
45
45
45

954640.242
23840.400
97719.730
841131.916
202165.787

0.50766
0.50696
0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

45
45
45
45
45

36244.881
904.875
3715.904
31904.632
7647.100

0.45000
0.33700

45
45

1776.140
3103.640
2204795.246

C
Hv = sat'd vapor *0,24
HI = sat'd liquid * 0,24
(appendiks geankoplis A.2.9)

x 411,874
ms kcal

x 260,486
ms kcal
x H steam
x 411,874 ms
ms kcal

672,36 x 14983,971
6171508.07 kcal
260,486 x 14983,971
3903114.666 kcal
20,594 x 14983,971
308575.4033 kcal

T (C)

Cp (kcal/kg C)

H (kcal)

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

45
45
45
45
45

954640.242
23840.400
97719.730
841131.916
202165.787

0.50766
0.50696

45
45

36244.881
904.875

0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

45
45
45

3715.904
31904.632
7647.100

0.45000
0.33700

45
45

1776.140
3103.640
2204795.246

T (C)

Cp (kcal/kg C)

H (kcal)

0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

65
65
65
65
65

1378924.794
34436.133
141150.721
1214968.323
292017.248

0.50766
0.50696
0.50889
0.48789
0.46661

65
65
65
65
65

52353.717
1307.041
5367.416
46084.468
11045.811

0.45000
0.33700

65
65

2565.536
4483.036
3184704.244

x 411,874
ms kcal

x 260,486
ms kcal
x H steam
x 411,874 ms kcal
ms kcal

672,36 x 7491,9855

3085754.03 kcal
260,486 x 7491,9855
1951557.333 kcal
20,594 x 7491,9855
154287.7016 kcal

T (C)

H (kcal)
65
65
65
65
65

1378924.794
34436.133
141150.721
1214968.323
292017.248

65
65
65
65
65

52353.717
1307.041
5367.416
46084.468
11045.811

65
65

2565.536
4483.036
3184704.244
3185252.3758

T (C)

T (C)

H (kcal)
5

95.5493

124.0952
219.6444
H (kcal)

=
=
=

T (C)

328.4872
328.4872

H (kcal)
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65

x 411,874
ms kcal

x 260,486
ms kcal
x H steam
x 411,874 ms kcal
ms kcal

kondensat + Q loss

672,36 x 16,3614
20159.7 kcal
260,486 x 16,3614
12749.82135 kcal
20,594 x 16,3614

1378924.794
34436.133
141150.721
1214968.323
292017.248

21214.22759
529.7866626
2171.549554
18691.82035
4492.573049

52353.717
1307.041
5367.416
46084.468
11045.811

805.4417972
20.10832821
82.57563808
708.9918213
169.9355474

4483.036
3631.991
5883.571
3191654.271

68.96978322
55.8767806
90.51648146
49102.37339

1007.985058 kcal

T (C)

H (kcal)
65
65
65
65
65

1378924.794
34436.133
141150.721
1214968.323
292017.248

65
65
65
65
65

52353.717
1307.041
5367.416
46084.468
11045.811

65
65

448.304
29.418
3178133.394

T (C)

H (kcal)
45
45
45
45
45

954640.242
23840.400
97719.730
841131.916
202165.787

T (C)

45
45
45
45
45

36244.881
904.875
3715.904
31904.632
7647.100

45
45

310.364
20.366
2200246.196

H (kcal)

Panas reaksi pada FFA

Komponen
As.Palmitat
As.Miristat

45
45
45
45
45

954640.242
23840.400
97719.730
841131.916
202165.787

45
45
45
45
45

36244.881
904.875
3715.904
31904.632
7647.100

45
45

310.364
20.366
2200246.196

T (C)

H (kcal)
5
5

1603.0588
26821.6367
28424.6956

H (kcal)
-28935505.72
630780.4197
28373265.16
-422375.5163
-353835.658
H (kcal)

T
45
45

36226.758
5373.693
41600.451
H (kcal)

T
45
45

34427.8098
4758.6817
39186.4915

As.stearat
As.Oleat
As.Linoleat
Na-palmitat
Na-Miristat
Na-Stearat
Na-Oleat
Na-Linoleat
H2O
NaOH
Gliserol
Panas reaksi pada Trigliserida
Komponen
tri-palmitat
tri-miristat
tri-stearat
tri-oleat
tri-linoleat

H25 + Hp - Hr

H (kcal)
-715867.907
17735.85779
700059.2066
-11876.06948
-9948.9120
H (kcal)

T
45
45

904.422
151.094
1055.516
H (kcal)

T
45
45

853.8407
133.8014
987.6421

H25 + Hp - Hr

H (kcal)
-2987921.079
58150.72506
2936088.943
-38938.18158
-32619.59221
H (kcal)

T
45
45

3714.046
495.393
4209.439
H (kcal)

T
45

3548.2033

45

438.6959
3986.8992

H25 + Hp - Hr

H (kcal)
-26259881.5
524477.7585
25792392.88
-351194.4207
-294205.2845
H (kcal)

T
45
45

31888.680
4468.088
36356.767
H (kcal)

T
45
45

30392.8999
3956.7219
34349.6218

H25 + Hp - Hr

H (kcal)
-6454737.372
132391.5568
6336731.326
-88650.42479
-74264.91399
H (kcal)

T
45
45
T

7643.276
1127.859
8771.135
H (kcal)

H (kcal)

T
45
45

7265.7032
998.7775
8264.4806

H25 + Hp - Hr

H (kcal)
-7453072.597
156026.5591
7018263.085
635323.8322
356540.8793
H (kcal)

T
45
45

9546.402
443.070
9989.472
H (kcal)

T
45
45

2838.6279
499.5144
3338.1423

H25 + Hp - Hr

H (kcal)
-184020.1133
4354.663573
171884.6848
17731.73468
9950.969809
T

H (kcal)

45
45

238.404
12.366
250.770
H (kcal)

T
45
45

69.8808
13.9413
83.8222

H25 + Hp - Hr

H (kcal)
-769909.3488
14450.85326
729638.2021
58842.36329
33022.06982
H (kcal)

T
45
45

977.197
41.036
1018.233
H (kcal)

T
45
45

H25 + Hp - Hr

H (kcal)
-6664870.901
130299.6739
6407784.364
530566.6459
403779.7831

293.9176
46.2640
340.1816

H (kcal)

T
45
45

8411.319
370.013
8781.332
H (kcal)

T
45
45

2516.9068
417.1506
2934.0574

H25 + Hp - Hr

H (kcal)
-1729230.242
32880.41099
1573773.55
133885.5951
11309.31407
H (kcal)

T
45
45

2021.658
93.371
2115.029
H (kcal)

T
45
45

601.4968
105.2657
706.7625

H25 + Hp - Hr

H=mxCpxT
945093.839
23601.996
96742.533
832720.597
200144.129

21002.08532
524.488796
2149.834059
18504.90215
4447.647319

46628.95764
0.893526566
7757.420528
54387.2717

18.122
0.452
1.858
15.952
3.824

0.402720899
0.010054164
0.041287819
0.354495911
0.084967774

310.364
252229.103
14.413
1097.545
42943.693
1045.035
4429.956
37943.620
9070.194
2447427.226

6.896978322
5605.091177
0.320291478
24.3898971
954.3042998
23.22299203
98.44346952
843.1915644
201.5598588
3011250

x 411,874
ms kcal

x 260,486
ms kcal
x H steam
x 411,874 ms kcal
ms

+ Q loss
+ 257787,541 + 260,486 ms + 20,5935 ms

672,36 x 16,3614
782578.79 kcal
260,486 x 16,3614
494934.9056 kcal
20,594 x 16,3614
39128.93962 kcal

*panas masuk sistem

H bahan masuk =
H steam =
H NaOH =
*panas keluar sistem
H Bahan keluar =
H reaksi =
H kondensat =
Q loss =

2200246.196
411.874
28424.6956
2447427.226
29758.612
260.486
20.594

H=mxCpxT
929132.393
23203.388
95108.673
818656.993
196763.947
17.816
0.445
1.827
15.683
3.759
305.122
25220.874
2088430.919

H=mxCpxT
1961501.718
48984.930
200784.976
1728275.874
415390.554

37.612
0.939
3.856
33.108
7.936
644.147
53244.067
4408909.718

x 411,874
ms kcal

x 260,486
ms kcal
x H steam
x 411,874 ms kcal
ms kcal

411,874 x 17741,4367
7307236.51 kcal
260,486 x 17741,4367
4621395.89 kcal
20,594 x 17741,4367
365361.8257 kcal

H=mxCpxT
1955617.213
48837.975
200182.621
1723091.047
414144.382
37.500
0.936
3.845
33.009
7.912
193.244
53084.334
4395234.018

H=mxCpxT
2779034.987
69401.333
284470.041
2448603.066
588520.965
53.289
1.330
5.463
46.908
11.243
274.610
75435.633
6245858.868

x 411,874
ms kcal

x 260,486
ms kcal
x H steam
x 411,874 ms kcal
ms

672,36 x 14149,1246
5827656.55 kcal
260,486 x 14149,1246
3685648.875 kcal
20,594 x 14149,1246
291382.8276 kcal

H=mxCpxT
2779034.987
69401.333
284470.041
2448603.066
588520.965
53.289
1.330
5.463
46.908
11.243
274.610

75435.633
6245858.868

Panas Uap (dari steam table Geankoplis, App A.2-9)

Hv pada suhu 250 =
Enthalpy bahan baku terikut vapor
Komponen
Trigliserida

H=mxCpxT
4301042.961
107410.708
440267.169
3789641.739
910839.181
82.474
2.059
8.455
72.598
17.401

Tri-Palmitat
Tri-Miristat
Tri-Stearat
Tri-Oleat
Tri-Linoleat
FFA
As.Palmitat
As.Miristat
As.Stearat
As.Oleat
As.linoleat
Impurities
Air
Steam
Total

0.000
116749.843
9666134.587

x 411,874
ms kcal

x 260,486
ms kcal
x H steam
x 411,874 ms kcal
ms

0,5935 ms

672,36 x 75520,429
31104901 kcal
260,486 x 75520,4291
19672014.51 kcal
20,594 x 75520,4291
1555245.062 kcal

T (C)

H (kcal)
210
210
210
210
210

4301042.961
107410.708
440267.169
3789641.739
910839.181

210
210
210
210
210

82.474
2.059
8.455
72.598
17.401

210
210

0.000
116749.843
9666134.587

T (C)

H (kcal)
115
115
115
115
115

2355333.050
58820.149
241098.688
2075280.000
498792.885

T (C)

115
115
115
115
115

45.164
1.128
4.630
39.756
9.529

115
115

0.000
63934.438
5293359.417

H (kcal)

C_H
C_C

115
115
115
115
115

2355333.050
58820.149
241098.688
2075280.000
498792.885

115
115
115
115
115

45.164
1.128
4.630
39.756
9.529

115
115

0.000
63934.438
5293359.417

T (C)

C_O
O_H
C=C
C=O
CH2
CH3
CH
_C=O_
_CH_ _
_CH=
O
_COOH
_OH
Ona

H (kcal)
5
5

9.9063
26.6412
36.5475

H (kcal)
-644626099.5
0
668360237.3
23734137.79
H (kcal)

T
115
115

2073552.273
34.801
2073587.074
H (kcal)

T
115

H25 + Hp - Hr

H (kcal)
-152076249.8
0
168706861.5
16630611.7

2177288.3528
2177288.3528

5293395.9640

H (kcal)

T
115
115

458884.409
8.785
458893.194
H (kcal)

T
115

549589.0751
549589.0751

H25 + Hp - Hr

H (kcal)
-3607775.653
0
3702438.261
94662.60769
H (kcal)

T
115
115

11196.148
0.569
11196.717
H (kcal)

T
115

11761.1904
11761.1904

H25 + Hp - Hr

H (kcal)
-880457.6118
0
927906.3631
47448.75125
T

H (kcal)

115
115

2664.371
0.143
2664.514
H (kcal)

T
115

2947.5936
2947.5936

H25 + Hp - Hr

T (C)

T (C)

H (kcal)
165
165
165
165
165

3379390.898
84394.127
4253495.505
0.000
0.000

165
165
165
165
165

64.801
1.618
81.463
0.000
0.000

165
165

0.000
91732.020
7809160.431
H (kcal)

7809171.6062

5
5

x 411,874
ms kcal

x 260,486
ms kcal
x H steam
x 411,874 ms kcal
ms

ensat + H reaksi + Q loss

20,5935 ms

672,36 x 369362,9173
136094016 kcal
260,486 x 369362,9173
86071434.35 kcal
20,594 x 369362,9173
6804700.819 kcal

9.9063
1.2686
11.1749

Asumsi :
Kehilangan panas = 5% x panas masuk
= 5% x (Hmasuk + Q suplai)
Q masuk = Q keluar
H masuk + Q suplai = H keluar + Q Loss
= H keluar + 5% x (H masuk + Q suplai)
= 95% x ( Hmasuk + Q suplai)
H masuk + Q suplai = H keluar/ 0,95
Q suplai =

(H keluar - Hmasuk)/ 0,95

Q Loss =

5% x ( Hmasuk + Q suplai)

Q suplai = Q steam
ms x
Q steam =
Q steam/

ms =

* H masuk + Q suplai =
* Q suplai =
=
* Q loss =
=

H keluar / 0,95

(H keluar - H masuk) / 0,95

2062966.312
5 % x (H masuk + Q suplai)
115397.1781

Q suplai = Q steam
mx
Q steam =
m = Q steam /
m =
5008.731583

H keluar
64.8696215
89.8696215

Panas reaksi pada FFA

kgmol
6.1841
0.1739

Cp(kcal/kgC)
0.5077
0.5070

Cp(kJ/kmolC)
542.41
481.61

Cp(kcal/kmolC)
130.1784
115.5864

0.5701
5.1419
1.2980

Panas reaksi pada Trigliserida

kgmol
0.50989
0.01423
0.04723
0.42582
0.10745

0.5089
0.4879
0.4666
0.4443
0.4365
0.4513
0.4314
0.4113
0.9987
0.48
0.24

Cp(kcal/kgC)
0.51534
0.51479
0.51579
0.49575
0.47544

603.21
574.23
545.25
515.475
454.675
576.275
547.295
518.315
75.214
80.81
91.087

Cp(kJ/kmolC)
1733.560
1551.160
1915.960
1829.020
1742.080

144.7704
137.8152
130.86
123.714
109.122
138.306
131.3508
124.3956
17.1
19.31
21.77

Cp(kcal/kmolC)
416.0544
372.2784
459.8304
438.9648
418.0992

suhu tanpa steam

55.366809

ms kcal

ms kcal

25

80.36680899

steam table Geankoplis, App A.2-9)

2801.5 kj/kg =
Massa (kg)

672.36 kcal/kg

Hv(kcal/kg)

H = m x Hv (kcal)

202.366
5.059
20.697
185.349
46.452

672.36
672.36
672.36
672.36
672.36

136062.997
3401.574925
13915.53378
124621.3359
31232.64249

0.004
0.0001
0.0004
0.004
0.001

672.36
672.36
672.36
672.36
672.36

2.648532665
0.066213317
0.270872659
2.425815145
0.607958634

6.036
2.835
9135.2276
9604.030

672.36
672.36
672.36

4058.399095
1905.816828
6142161.627
6457365.946

0.000

99.000
83.000

Komponen
TGS t jenuh as.oleat
TGS jenuh as.oleat

Cp (Kcal/kg)
1737.82
1824.76

Cp(Kj/mol)
0.4953
0.5164

84.000
111.000
147.000
170.000
30.400
36.840
20.930
53.000
20.930
15.910
35.170
79.970
44.800
0.035

TGS t jenuh as.lino

TGS jenuh as lino

1523.6
1824.76

0.4374
0.5164

Cp(kcal/kmol) Hf
417.0768
14911
437.9424
15460

365.6640
437.9424

13936
15460

11. Cooler
Suhu bahan masuk =
T =
190 - 25 =
H minyak = m x Cp x T

190 C
165 C

Enthalphy bahan masuk

Komponen CPO
Trigliserida
Tri-palmitat
Tri-miristat
Tri-stearat
Tri-oleat
Tri-linoleat
FFA
Asam palmitat
Asam miristat
Asam stearat
Asam oleat
Asam linoleat
Impurities
H2O
Total
Suhu bahan keluar =
T =
80 - 25 =
H minyak = m x Cp x T

Cp (kcal/kg C)

Massa (kg)

T (C)

H (kcal)

39743.017
993.575
49978.786
0.000
0.000

0.5153
0.5148
0.5158
0.4958
0.4754

165
165
165
165
165

3379390.898
84394.127
4253495.505
0.000
0.000

0.774
0.019
0.970
0.000
0.000

0.5077
0.5070
0.5089
0.4879
0.4666

165
165
165
165
165

64.801
1.618
81.463
0.000
0.000

0.000
556.675
91273.817

0.3370
0.9987

165
165

0.000
91732.020
7809160.431

80 C
55 C

Enthalphy bahan keluar

Komponen CPO
Trigliserida
Tri-palmitat
Tri-miristat
Tri-stearat
Tri-oleat
Tri-linoleat
FFA
Asam palmitat
Asam miristat
Asam stearat
Asam oleat
Asam linoleat
Impurities

Cp (kcal/kg C)

Massa (kg)

T (C)

H (kcal)

39743.017
993.575
49978.786
0.000
0.000

0.5153
0.5148
0.5158
0.4958
0.4754

55
55
55
55
55

1126463.633
28131.376
1417831.835
0.000
0.000

0.774
0.019
0.970
0.000
0.000

0.5077
0.5070
0.5089
0.4879
0.4666

55
55
55
55
55

21.600
0.539
27.154
0.000
0.000

0.000

0.3370

55

0.000

H2O
Total

556.675
91273.817

0.9987

55

30577.340
2603053.477

Air yang digunakan

ma x Cp x T
H air masuk =
=
ma x 0,9987 x (30-25)
=
4.9935 ma (kcal)
H air keluar =
ma x Cp x T
=
ma x 0,9987 x (45-25)
=
19.974 ma (kcal)
Perhitungan massa air yang digunakan :
H bahan masuk =
7809160.431 kcal
H air =
4.9935 ma (kcal)
Enthalpy keluar sistem
H bahan keluar =
2603053.477 kcal
H air =
19.974 ma (kcal)
Neraca panas :
H bahan masuk + Hair = H bahan keluar + H air
3178133,394 + 4,994 ma = 2200246,394 + 19,974 ma
ma =
347525.580 kg
maka:
H air masuk = 4,994 x 65279,519 =
H air keluar = 19,974 x 65279,519 =
Q yang diserap air pendingin =
=

1735368.985 kcal
6941475.9 kcal
1303893,1 - 326005,9
5206107.0 kcal

Neraca panas pada cooler

Masuk (kcal)
Keluar (kcal)
H minyak
2603053.477
7809160.431 H minyak
H air
6941475.9
1735368.985 h air
Total
9544529.416
9544529.416 Total
12. Tangki Votator
Suhu bahan masuk =
T =
80 - 25 =
H minyak = m x Cp x T

80 C
55 C

Enthalphy bahan masuk

Komponen CPO
Trigliserida
Tri-palmitat
Tri-miristat
Tri-stearat

Massa (kg)
39743.017
993.575
49978.786

Cp (kcal/kg C)
0.5153
0.5148
0.5158

T (C)
55
55
55

H (kcal)
1126463.633
28131.376
1417831.835

Tri-oleat
Tri-linoleat
FFA
Asam palmitat
Asam miristat
Asam stearat
Asam oleat
Asam linoleat
Impurities
H2O
Total
Suhu bahan keluar =
T =
50 - 25 =
H minyak = m x Cp x T

0.000
0.000

0.4958
0.4754

55
55

0.000
0.000

0.774
0.019
0.970
0.000
0.000

0.5077
0.5070
0.5089
0.4879
0.4666

55
55
55
55
55

21.600
0.539
27.154
0.000
0.000

0.000
556.675
91273.817

0.3370
0.9987

55
55

0.000
30577.340
2603053.477

50 C
25 C

Enthalphy bahan keluar

Komponen CPO
Trigliserida
Tri-palmitat
Tri-miristat
Tri-stearat
Tri-oleat
Tri-linoleat
FFA
Asam palmitat
Asam miristat
Asam stearat
Asam oleat
Asam linoleat
Impurities
H2O
Total

Cp (kcal/kg C)

Massa (kg)

T (C)

H (kcal)

39743.017
993.575
49978.786
0.000
0.000

0.5153
0.5148
0.5158
0.4958
0.4754

25
25
25
25
25

512028.924
12786.989
644469.016
0.000
0.000

0.774
0.019
0.970
0.000
0.000

0.5077
0.5070
0.5089
0.4879
0.4666

25
25
25
25
25

9.818
0.245
12.343
0.000
0.000

0.000
556.675
91273.817

0.3370
0.9987

25
25

0.000
13898.791
1183206.126

Air yang digunakan

ma x Cp x T
H air masuk =
=
ma x 0,9987 x (30-25)
=
4.9935 ma (kcal)
H air keluar =
ma x Cp x T
=
ma x 0,9987 x (45-25)
=
19.774 ma (kcal)
Perhitungan massa air yang digunakan :
H bahan masuk =
2603053.477 kcal

H air =
Enthalpy keluar sistem
H bahan keluar =
H air =

4.9935 ma (kcal)
1183206.126 kcal
19.774 ma (kcal)

Neraca panas :
H bahan masuk + Hair = H bahan keluar + H air
3178133,394 + 4,994 ma = 2200246,394 + 19,974 ma
ma =
96062.200 kg
maka:
H air masuk = 4,994 x 65279,519 =
H air keluar = 19,974 x 65279,519 =
Q yang diserap air pendingin =
=

479686.5971 kcal
1899533.9 kcal
1303893,1 - 326005,9
1419847.4 kcal

Neraca panas pada cooler

Masuk (kcal)
Keluar (kcal)
H minyak
1183206.126
2603053.477 H minyak
H air
1899533.9
479686.597 H air
Total
Total
3082740.074
3082740.074

H (kcal)
3379390.898
84394.127
4253495.505
0.000
0.000
64.801
1.618
81.463
0.000
0.000
0.000
91732.020
7809160.431

H (kcal)
1126463.633
28131.376
1417831.835
0.000
0.000
21.600
0.539
27.154
0.000
0.000
0.000

30577.340
2603053.477

H (kcal)
1126463.633
28131.376
1417831.835

0.000
0.000
21.600
0.539
27.154
0.000
0.000
0.000
30577.340
2603053.477

H (kcal)
512028.924
12786.989
644469.016
0.000
0.000
9.818
0.245
12.343
0.000
0.000
0.000
13898.791
1183206.126