Irrational Numbers You might have learnt about representing various types of numbers such as Natural numbers, Whole

numbers, Integers, Rational numbers on the number line. Rational Numbers: Numbers that can be written in the form of , where p, q and .

The collection of Rational numbers is denoted by Q. Between any two rational numbers there exists infinitely many rational numbers. Irrational numbers:Numbers which cannot be expressed in the form of , where p, q . The collection of irrational numbers is denoted by . Pythagoras Theorem: In a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. Using this theorem we can represent the irrational numbers on the number line. and

Real Numbers We already know about various types of numbers such as Natural numbers, Whole numbers, Integers, Rational and Irrational numbers. We already learnt how to represent these numbers on the number line. A number that can be expressed as , where Collection of rational numbers is denoted by Q. , is known as Rational number.

A number that cannot be expressed as , where , is called an irrational number. Collection of irrational numbers is denoted by . The square root of any prime number is irrational. There are infinitely many irrational numbers between two rational numbers. The collection of real numbers is the collection of all rational numbers and irrational numbers together. It is represented by R. A real number is either rational or irrational. A rational number can be expressed as its decimal expansion. In case of a division: If remainder becomes zero after certain stage, then the decimal expansion is terminating. If the remainder never becomes zero but repeats after certain stage, then the decimal expansion is non-terminating recurring. The decimal expansion of a rational number is either terminating or non-terminating recurring. The decimal expansion of an irrational number is non-terminating non-recurring. Every real number can be represented on a number line uniquely. This process of visualisation of representing a decimal expansion on the number line is known as the process of successive magnification.

Operations on Real Numbers We already learnt that the collection of rational numbers and irrational numbers together is known as Real Numbers. This collection is denoted by R. The sum, difference and the product of two rational numbers is always a rational number. The quotient of a division of one rational number by a non-zero rational number is a rational number. Rational numbers satisfy the closure property under addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The sum, difference, multiplication and division of irrational numbers are not always irrational. Irrational numbers do not satisfy the closure property under addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Real numbers satisfy the commutative, associative and distributive laws. These can be stated as : Commutative Law of Addition: Commutative Law of Multiplication: Associative Law of Addition: Associative Law of Multiplication: Distributive Law:

or

We can represent real numbers on the number line. The square root of any positive real number exists and that also can be represented on number line The sum or difference of a rational number and an irrational number is an irrational number. The product or division of a rational number with an irrational number is an irrational number. Some of the basic identities involving square roots are: a, b, c and d are positive real numbers. The process of converting the denominator into a rational number is called rationalising the denominator.

Laws of Exponents An exponent is a mathematical notation that represents how many times a base is multiplied by itself. Other terms used to define exponents are power or index. An exponential term is a term that can be expressed as a base raised to an exponent. For example, in an exponential expression , is the base and is the exponent. The exponent can be a number or a constant; they can also be a variable. They are generally positive real numbers, but they can also be negative numbers. Laws of exponents: If a and b are any real numbers then

Where m and n are rational numbers.

Polynomials in One Variable An expression of the form where

, , are real numbers and is called a polynomial in . Degree of a polynomial: The highest power of the variable in a polynomial is called degree of the polynomial. Zero polynomial: The polynomial "0", which has no term at all, is called Zero polynomial.

Constant Polynomial: It is a polynomial of degree 0. The value of constant function is constant irrespective of values of "x". Linear polynomial: A polynomial of degree one is called a first-degree or linear polynomial. The general form of such a polynomial is , where . In a linear polynomial the maximum number of terms is two. Quadratic polynomial: A polynomial of degree two is called a second degree or quadratic polynomial. Its general form is , where . In a Quadratic polynomial the maximum number of terms is three. Cubic polynomial: A polynomial of degree three is called a third-degree or cubic polynomial and is represented as , where . Such a polynomial can have a maximum of four terms. Zeros of a Polynomial: Roots of a polynomial: It is a solution to the polynomial equation p(x)=0 i.e. a number "a" is said to be a zero of a polynomial if p(a) = 0. If we draw the graph of p(x) =0, the values where the curve cuts the X-axis are called Zeros of the polynomial. Methods to Determine Zero of a Polynomial Trial and error Method: Equating polynomial to zero: In this method, you can find the zero of the polynomial by taking the subject. , , , as

p(a) = 0 Remainder Theorem Remainder= Dividend - (Divisor Quotient) Remainder Theorem: if remainder is i.e, is a polynomial in , and . Here is divided by then the

Based on the remainder theorem: If a polynomial If a polynomial If a polynomial is divided by is divided by is divided by , then the remainder is , then the remainder is , then the remainder is . . .

Remainder= Dividend - (Divisor Quotient)

p(a) or Factor Theorem A

or

or

is an

consisting of multiple terms of

These terms are combined by using mathematical operators - addition, subtraction and multiplication. The of the must be . The of the in a is called A term can be a ,a or a product of the two. A real number that precedes the variable is called the . The general form of a is where , .... , are real numbers and is called a polynomial in of degree n A polynomial whose degree is equal to two is called a Quadratic Polynomial. A polynomial whose degree is equal to three is called a cubic Polynomial.

Factor Theorem: is a polynomial and polynomial , then the remainder is

is a real number, if .

is divided by a linear

Factorization of Polynomials Using Algebraic Identities We know that the algebraic identities of second degree are

These identities can be used to factorise quadratic polynomials. A polynomial is said to be cubic polynomial if its degree is three The algebraic identities used in factorising a third degree polynomial are:

Cubic polynomials can be factorised using Factor theorem

Factor theorem: factor of

is a polynomial and

is a real number, if

, then

is a

Cartesian Plane A Cartesian plane, named after the mathematician Rene Descartes, is a plane with a rectangular coordinate system that associates each point in the plane, with an ordered pair . The horizontal line XOX is the and the vertical line YOY is the . The line OX is called positive x-axis, is called negative X-axis, OY is called positive y-axis and is called negative y-axis. The lines and divides the plane into four equal parts. Each part is called a quadrant. The quadrants , are called first quadrant, second quadrant, third quadrant and fourth quadrant respectively. If P ( ) be any point in the Cartesian plane, then is called -coordinate or Abscissa and is called coordinate or Ordinate,

The equation of x- axis is y=0 and equation of y-axis is x=0. Equation of any line parallel to x-axis is y=k and equation of any line parallel to y-axis is x=k. The general form of equation of a line is ax+by+c=0, Where, a, b and c are real numbers and a 0 or b 0.

ax+by+c=0 y=0 y=k x=0 x=k Introduction to Linear Equation in Two Variables An equation which can be put in the form is called a linear equation in two variables and where a, b and c are real numbers and a and b are not both zero. Here a and b are called coefficients of x and y respectively and c is called constant term. The equation is called linear because the equation is of the first degree. A solution is an ordered pair of real numbers which satisfies the equation. In general, any linear equation in two variables will have infinitely many solutions.

Graphical Representation of Linear Equations in Two Variables

An in the form of where a, b and c are real numbers and a and b are not both zero is called a linear equation in two variables x and y. A linear equation in two variables has infinitely many solutions. The solutions of a linear equation can be obtained by substituting different values for x in the equation to find the corresponding values of y. The values of x and y are represented as an order pair. To plot the graph of this equation, well first find its solutions algebraically and then plot the points on the graph. Any linear equation of the form represents a straight line on the graph. Every point that satisfies the linear equation lies on the line. Every point that lies on the line is a solution of the linear equation.

A point that does not lie on the line is not solution of the linear equation. The equation of X axis is Any line parallel to x-axis is of the form y=k The equation of y-axis is Any line parallel to y-axis is of the form x=k

ax+by+c=0 y=0 x=0 y=k x=k Introduction to Euclid's Geometry The word 'Geometry' is derived from the Greek words 'Geo' means 'Earth' and 'Metron' means to 'Measure'. Around 325 BC Euclid, a teacher of mathematics at Alexandria in Egypt, collected all the known work and arranged it in his famous treatise, called 'Elements'. He divided the 'Elements' into thirteen chapters, each called a book. These books influenced the whole world's understanding of geometry for generations to come. Euclid's Definitions: 1: A point is that which has no part. 2: A line is breadthless length. 3: The ends of a line are points. 4: A straight line is a line which lies evenly with the points on itself. 5: A surface is that which has length and breadth only. 6: The edges of a surface are lines. 7: A plane surface is a surface which lies evenly with the straight lines on itself.

Euclid's Postulates: 1: A line can be drawn from any point to any point. 2: A terminated line can be produced indefinitely. 3: It is possible to describe a circle with any centre any distance. 4: All right angles are equal to one another. 5: If a straight line falling on two straight lines makes the interior angles on the same side of it taken together less than two right angles, then the two straight lines, if produced indefinitely, meet on that side on which the sum of angles is less than two right angles. Euclid's Axioms: 1: Things which are equal to the same things are also equal to one another. 2: If equals are added to equals, then the wholes are equal. 3: If equals are subtracted from equals, then the remainders are equal. 4: Things which coincide with one another are equal to one another. 5: The whole is greater than the part. 6 : Things which are double of the same things are equal to one another. 7 : Things which are halves of the same things are equal to one another.

A line is a collection of points along a straight path. A line has no endpoints. A line segment is a part of a line with two end points. a part of line with one end point is called a ray. All the points that lie on the same line are collinear points. Consider the two rays AB and AC originating from the same point A. The union of two rays AB and AC is called an angle. The rays that form the angle are called the arms of the angle. The intersection point is called the vertex of the angle. The size of an angle is measured in degrees An angle that measures less than 90 but more than 0 is called an acute angle. A right angle is an angle measuring ninety degrees, formed by the intersection of two perpendicular lines. Angles greater than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees are known as obtuse angles. An angle that is equal to 180 degrees is called a straight angle. A reflex angle is greater than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees. Two angles are said to be adjacent if they have a common arm and a common vertex.

Linear pair of angles: Two adjacent angles are said to form a linear pair if their sum is 1800. Vertically opposite angles: When two lines intersect four angles are formed. The angles that are opposite to each other are called vertically opposite angles. Two angles are said to be complementary, if their sum is 90 degrees. Two angles are supplementary if their sum is 180 degrees. They may or may not be adjacent angles. Intersecting lines can be defined as two or more lines that meet at one point. Parallel lines can be defined as lines on the same plane that never intersect. Theorem: when two lines intersect each other, then the vertically opposite angles are equal.

Parallel Lines

Two lines having only one point in common are called intersecting lines Two lines in the same plane are parallel if they are equidistant.

A line that intersects two or more lines, at a different points is called a Transversal

When a transversal intersects two lines, eight angles are formed, four angles at each point, P and Q respectively. We identify these angles by their positions. 1, 2, 7 and 8 are called exterior angles 3, 4, 5 and 6 are called Interior angles 1 and 5 , 2 and 6, 4 and 8 , 3 and 7 are Pair of corresponding angles 1 and 7 , 2 and 8 are pair of alternate exterior angles 4 and 6 , 3 and 5 are Pair of alternate interior angles 4 and 5 , 3 and 6 are Consecutive Interior angles on the same side of the transversal When a transversal intersects two lines Pair of corresponding angles is equal Pair of alternate exterior angles is equal. Pair of alternate interior angles is equal. Consecutive interior angles on the same side of the transversal are supplementary.

Theorem: If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of corresponding angles are equal Theorem: If a transversal intersects two lines such that a pair of corresponding angles is equal, then the two lines are parallel to each other. Theorem: If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of alternate interior angles is equal. Theorem: If a transversal intersects two lines such that a pair of alternate interior angles is equal, then the two lines are parallel. Theorem: If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of interior angles on the same side of the transversal is supplementary. Theorem: If a transversal intersects two lines such that a pair of interior angles on the same side of the transversal is supplementary, then the two lines are parallel. Lines which are parallel to the same line are parallel to each other.

Theorem: The sum of three angles of a triangle is 1800. Theorem: In a triangle if a side is produced, then the exterior angle so formed is equal to the sum of the two interior opposite angles.

Congruence of Triangles In general we come across many figures having same shape and same size. Such objects are known as as congruent figures. Two triangles are said to be congruent if all the sides and the angles of one triangle are respectively equal to corresponding sides and angles of other triangle. Consider triangles ABC and DEF, If AB = DE, BC = EF, AC = DF and the n DABC @ DDEF. Two triangles can be said to be congruent by using any of these four rules. They are Side Angle Side(SAS) Rule, Angle Side Angle(ASA) Rule, Side Side Side(SSS) Rule, Right angle Hypotenuse Side(RHS) Rule.

SAS Congruence Rule: If two sides and included angle of one triangle are equal to the corresponding two sides and included angle of other triangle then the two triangles are congruent.

ASA Congruence Rule: If two angles and included side of one triangle are equal to the two angles and included side of other triangle then the two triangles are congruent.

SSS Congruence Rule: Three sides of one triangle are equal to three sides of other triangle then the two triangles are congruent.

RHS congruence rule: Two right triangles are said to be congruent if the hypotenuse and one side of one triangle are equal to the hypotenuse and corresponding side of the other triangle.

Properties of Triangles A triangle is said to be an isosceles triangle if two of its sides are equal. The third side is called base. The median from the vertex to the base is perpendicular to the base. The median from the vertex to the base divides the triangle into two congruent right angled triangles Two objects are said to be congruent if they have same shape and same size. Two triangles are said to be congruent , if the sides and angles of one triangle are equal to the corresponding sides and angles of the other triangle We use the symbol congruency of for the congruency of two triangles. We write .Further, we follow that the vertices , for ,the angles

and the sides AB=XY,BC=YZ,CA=ZX Congruency of triangles can be proved using the four criteria of congruence: SAS Congruence rule, ASA or AAS or SAA congruence rule, SSS congruence rule and RHS congruence rule.

AB=XY, BC=YZ, CA=ZX

Theorem: Angles opposite to equal sides of an isosceles triangle are equal. In the , If the sides AB=AC then Theorem: The sides opposite to equal angles of a triangle are equal. In the , If the angles then AB=AC Theorem: The three angles of an equilateral triangle are equal.

Inequalities in a Triangle We know that a triangle contains three sides and three angles. we also know that the if two sides of a triangle are equal then the angles opposite to them are also equal and vice versa. What happens when two sides of a triangle are unequal? In a triangle the angles and the lengths of the sides are proportional. Theorem: If two sides of a triangle are unequal, the angle opposite to the longer side is larger Theorem: In any triangle, the side opposite to the larger angle is longer. Theorem: The sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the third side.

Quadrilateral and Its Types We know that a quadrilateral has four sides, four angles, four vertices and two diagonals. Quadrilaterals can be classified into different types based on their sides and angles. In case of rectangle and square, all the angles are right angles, the opposite sides are parallel, and the diagonals bisect each other. In a rectangle, the opposite sides are equal, whereas in a square, all the sides are equal. Hence, a square is a rectangle with adjacent sides equal. A parallelogram is a quadrilateral in which the opposite sides are parallel and equal in length. In a parallelogram, the opposite angles are equal and the diagonals bisect each other. In a parallelogram, the angles are not right angles. When we compare a parallelogram with a rectangle, we see that it is different from the rectangle in terms of the measure of its angles. A rhombus is a quadrilateral in which all the sides are equal in length, the opposite sides are parallel, the opposite angles are equal and the diagonals bisect each other at right angles. A square is a rhombus in which, each angle measures 900. Squares, rectangles and rhombuses are all examples of parallelograms.

A trapezium is a quadrilateral in which one pair of opposite sides is parallel. A trapezium with the non-parallel sides equal and the base angles equal is known as an isosceles trapezium.

A kite is a quadrilateral in which two pairs of adjacent sides are equal in length and one pair of opposite angles, the ones that are between the sides of unequal length, are equal in measure and the diagonals intersect at right angles.

Properties of a Parallelogram A quadrilateral is a closed figure which has four sides, four angles and four vertices. There are different types of quadrilaterals such as Parallelogram, Rectangle, Square, Rhombus, Trapezium and Kite. A parallelogram is a quadrilateral in which opposite sides are parallel and equal, opposite angles are equal, the diagonals bisect each other, each diagonal divides it into two congruent triangles, adjacent angles are supplementary.

A square is a parallelogram in which all the sides are equal, each angle measures 900, diagonals are equal and bisect at right angles. A rectangle is a parallelogram in which diagonals are equal and bisect each other, each angle measures 900. A rhombus is a parallelogram in which all four sides are equal, diagonals bisect each other at right angles.

Theorem: A diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles.

Theorem: If each pair of opposite sides is equal in a quadrilateral, then it is a parallelogram.

Theorem: If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other, then it is a parallelogram.

Mid-Point Theorem The midpoint of the line segment is the geometric centre of the line segment. Midpoint of line segment divides the line into two equal halves. The line segment joining the mid-points of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and equal to half the third side. The line drawn through the mid-point of one side of a triangle and parallel to another side bisects the third side.

Areas of Parallelograms We know that Area of a parallelogram is equal to the product of its base and height. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. A diagonal of the parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles. Opposite sides and angles of a parallelogram are equal. Parallelograms on the same base and between the same parallels are equal in area. Parallelograms on the same base that have equal areas are between the same parallels. All figures that are on the same base and between same parallels need not have equal areas. Two congruent figures have equal areas but the converse need not be true. Parallelograms on the same base or equal bases and lie between the same parallels are equal in area. Parallelograms on the same base or equal bases that have equal areas lie between the same parallels. If a parallelogram and a triangle are on the same base and they are between the same parallels, then area of the triangle is half the area of the parallelogram.

Areas of Triangles Two figures are said to be on the same base Lesson Demo and between the same parallel lines if they have a common base and the vertices opposite to this common base of each figure lie on a line parallel to the base. Out of these two parallel lines, one should be the line containing the common base and the other is the line passing through the vertices of both the figures opposite to the base. We know that any two congruent figures have same area but the converse is not true. Median of a triangle divides it into two triangles of equal area. Two triangles with same base (or equal bases) and equal areas will have equal corresponding altitudes.

Area of triangle is half the product of the base and the corresponding altitude. Also, Triangles on the same base and between the same parallels are equal in area.

Triangles on the same base and having equal areas lie between the same parallels.

Basic Concepts of a Circle You might have seen many objects that are circular in shape. A circle is defined as the collection of all the points on a plane that are at equal distance from a given fixed point on the plane. This fixed point is called centre of the circle and the fixed distance is called the radius. A line segment joining the centre of a circle with any point on its circumference is called the radius of the circle. A line that joins two points on the circumference of a circle is called a chord. A chord that passes through the centre of a circle is called the diameter of the circle. A diameter divides a circle into two equal parts, each is called a semicircle. Diameter is the longest chord of a circle. The diameter of a circle is twice the radius. The part of the circumference of a circle between two given points is called an arc. A chord divides a circular area into two parts called segments they are major segment and minor segments. The region between two radii of a circle and any of the arcs between them is called a sector. The diameter of a circle divides it into two equal segments.

Chords of a Circle You know that the perpendicular from a Lesson Demo point to a line segment is the shortest distance between them. A line that joins two points on the circumference of a circle is called a chord. A chord passing through the centre of a circle is called the diameter. The longest chord of a circle is the diameter. Theorem: The perpendicular from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord. Given: OB AC. To prove: AB = BC. Construction: Join OA and OC. Proof: In triangles OBA and OBC, OBA = OBC = 90o (Since OB AC.) OA = OC (Radii of same circle) OB = OB (Common side) OBA AB = BC Thus, OB bisects chord AC. Hence, the theorem is proved. Theorem: The line drawn from the centre of a circle to bisect a chord is perpendicular to the OBC (By RHS congruence rule)

chord. Given: AB = BC To prove: OB AC. Construction: Join OA and OC. Proof: In triangles OBA and OBC, AB = BC (Given) OA = OC (Radii of same circle) OB = OB (Common side) OBA OBC (SSS congruence rule) OBA = OBC OBA + OBC = ABC = 180o Since OBA = OBC, 2 x OBC = 180o OBC = = 90o

OBC = 90o = OBA OB AC

Arcs of a Circle Every day, you come across many things Lesson Demo circular in shape. The collection of all that points in a plane that are at a fixed distance from a fixed point in the plane is called a circle. The fixed point is called the centre of the circle, and the fixed distance is called the radius of the circle.

A part of a circle is called an arc. Arcs of a circle that superimpose each other completely are called congruent arcs. A segment with its endpoints on a circle is called a chord. A diameter is the longest chord. If two arcs of a circle are congruent, then their corresponding chords are equal. Conversely, if two chords of a circle are equal, then their corresponding arcs are congruent.

Corresponding Arcs Of Two Equal Chords Of A Circle Are Congruent Theorem: Congruent arcs of a circle subtend equal angles at the centre. Given: Two congruent arcs AB and CD. To prove: AOB = COD Construction: Draw chords AB and CD. Proof: The angle subtended by an arc at the centre is equal to the angle subtended by its corresponding chord at the centre. In the given figure, AB = CD (Chords corresponding to congruent arcs of a circle are equal) AOB = COD (Equal chords subtend equal angles at the centre) Hence, the theorem is proved.

Cyclic Quadrilaterals You can draw a circle passing through three Lesson Demo non-collinear distinct points. The points that lie on a circle are called concyclic points.

So we can say three non-collinear points are always concyclic.

Theorem: If a line segment joining two points subtends equal angles at two other points on the same side of the line segment then all the four points are concyclic. Given: Line segment AB. Mark two points C and D such that ACB = ADB. To prove: A, B, C and D are concyclic points. Draw a circle through points A, B and C. Assume that the circle drawn through points A, B and C does not pass through D, and intersects AD at D. Proof: If A, B, C and D are concyclic: ACB = ADB (Angles subtended by a chord in the same segment of a circle) ACB = ADB (Given) ADB = ADB Or D coincides with D. Thus, A, B, C and D are concyclic points. Hence, the theorem is proved.

A quadrilateral whose vertices lie on a circle is called a cyclic quadrilateral. In a cyclic quadrilateral, the sum of the opposite angles is always equal to 180o. If the sum of the opposite angles of a quadrilateral is 180o, then the quadrilateral is cyclic.

Basic Constructions In earlier classes you might have learnt to construct perpendicular bisector of a line segment, angles of 300,450 600, 900, 1200 and also to draw bisector of the given angle. An angle bisector is a ray, which divides an angle in to two equal parts. A line bisector is a line that cuts a line segment into two equal halves. A perpendicular bisector is a line, which divides a given line

segment into two equal halves and is also perpendicular to the line segment.

To construct the bisector of a given angle. Lets consider angle DEF, we want to construct the bisector of angle DEF. Steps of construction: 1. With E as centre and small radius draw arcs on the rays DE and EF. 2. Let the arcs intersect the rays DE and EF at G and H respectively. 3. With centres G and H draw two more arcs with the same radius such that they intersect at a point . Let the intersecting point be I 4. Now draw a ray with E as the starting point passing through I 5. EI is the bisector of the angle DEF.

To construct a perpendicular bisector of a line segment Lets consider the line segment as PQ. We have to construct the perpendicular bisector of PQ. Steps of Construction: 1. Draw a line segment PQ. 2. With P as centre draw two arcs on either sides of PQ with radius more the half the length of the given line segment. 3. Similarly draw two more arcs with same radius from point Q such that they intersect the previous arcs at R and S respectively. 4. Join the Points R and S. RS is the required perpendicular bisector of the given line segment PQ.

To Construct an angle of 600 at the initial point of a given ray. Let us take ray PQ with P as the initial point. We have to construct a ray PR such that it makes angle of 600 with PQ. Steps of Constructions: 1. Draw a ray PQ 2. With P as centre draw an arc with small radius such that it intersects ray PQ at C. 3. With C as centre and same radius draw another arc to intersect the previous arc at D. 4. Draw a ray PR from point P through D. Hence the angle RPQ is equal to 60 degrees.

Constructions of Triangles You have already learnt how to construct a triangle when three measurements are given. Even we can construct a triangle when the base, one base angle and the sum of the other two sides are given or given its base, a base angle and the difference of the other two sides or given, its perimeter and two base angles.

In QR = 'a'cm, and PQ + PR = 'b' cm. Step 1: Draw the base QR = 'a' cm. Step 2: Draw XQR = Step 3: Mark an arc S on QX such that QS = 'b' cm. Step 4: Join RS. Step 5: Draw the perpendicular bisector of RS such that it intersects QS at P. Step 6: Join PR. Thus, is the required triangle.

In , given BC = 'a' cm, and difference of two sides AB and AC is equal to 'b' cm. Case I: AB > AC Step 1: Draw the base BC = 'a' cm. Step 2: Make . Step 3: Mark a point D on ray BX such that BD = 'b' cm. Step 4: Join DC. Step 5: Draw perpendicular bisector of DC such that, it intersects ray BX at a point A. Step 6: Join AC. Thus, ABC is the required triangle. Case II: AB < AC Step 1: Draw the base BC = 'a' cm. Step 2: Make and extend ray BX in the opposite direction. Step 3: Mark a point D on the extended ray BX such that BD = 'b'cm. Step 4: Join DC. Step 5: Draw a perpendicular bisector of DC such that, it intersects ray BX at point A. Step 6: Join AC. Thus, ABC is the required triangle.

To construct

, given Perimeter ( AB + BC + CA) = 'a' cm,

Steps of construction: Step 1: Draw XY = 'a' cm. Step 2: Draw the ray XL at X making an angle of with XY. Step 3: Draw the ray YM at Y making an angle of with XY. Step 4: Draw angle bisector of Step 5: Draw angle bisector of such that it meets the angle bisector of at a point A. Step 6: Draw the perpendicular bisector of AX such that it meets XY at a point B. Step 7: Draw the perpendicular bisector of AY such that it meets XY at a point C. Step 8: Join AB and AC. Thus, ABC is the required triangle.

Cube and Cuboid A cuboid is a solid bounded by six faces that are rectangular in shape. A cuboid whose length, breadth and height are equal is called a cube. Any two faces other than the opposite faces are called adjacent faces. Any two adjacent faces meet in a line segment, which is called an edge of the cuboid. The point of concurrency of any three edges of a cuboid is called a vertex of the cuboid. A cuboid has 8 vertices and 12 edges. Any face of a cuboid may be called the base of the cuboid. In that case, the four adjacent faces of the base are called the lateral faces of the cuboid. The lateral surface area of the cuboid = 2 (l + b) h. It is equal to sum of areas of all its lateral faces. Lateral surface area of the cube=4a2 Total surface area of the cuboid=2(lb+bh+lh) Total surface area of the cube=6a2 Volume of a solid object is the measure of the space occupied by it The volume of substance that can be stored by the object is called its capacity. Volume of Cuboid = length breadth height=lbh Volume of a Cube =

L.S.A of a cuboid =2 (l + b) h T.S.A of a cuboid =2(lb+bh+lh) Volume of the cuboid =lbh

T.S.A of a cube =6a2< Total surface area of a cube, sum areas of all the faces of a cube > volume of the cube=

Cylinder A cylinder can be defined as a solid figure Lesson Demo that is bound by a curved surface and two flat surfaces. The flat surfaces are made up of two congruent circles that are parallel to each other. These flat surfaces are called the bases of the cylinder. The radius of the circular bases is the radius of the cylinder. The perpendicular line that passes through the centers of the two circular bases is the height of the cylinder or axis of the cylinder. A cylinder is said to be right circular cylinder if axis is perpendicular to the radius of the cylinder. The curved surface joining the two basses of a right circular cylinder is called its lateral surface area. For a right circular cylinder of radius r and height h Lateral surface area of the Cylinder Base surface area of the Cylinder Total surface area of the Cylinder = Volume of the Cylinder =

L.S.A of Cylinder= Base surface area of the Cylinder = T.S.A of the Cylinder= Volume of the Cylinder= Cone Cone is solid figure with a circular base that tapers to a point or vertex. A Cone is said to be a right circular cone if its height is perpendicular to the radius of the base. Let "r" be the base radius, "h" be the height, "l" be the slant height of a right circular cone. Then l= Base area of the cone Curved surface area of the cone=

Total surface area of the cone= Volume of Cone =

Base area of a cone= C.S.A of a cone= T.S.A of a cone = Volume of a cone=

Sphere and Hemisphere A sphere is a three dimensional figure, made up of points that are equidistant from a given point. It does not have an edge or a vertex. The surface of a sphere is uniform and smooth. The centre of a sphere is a point, which is equidistant from all the points on a sphere. The distance between the centre and any point on the surface of the sphere is called the radius of a sphere. Generally the radius is denoted by the letter r. A line segment through the centre of the sphere, and with the end points on the sphere is called a diameter of the sphere.

A plane through centre of a sphere divides the sphere in two equal parts, each of which is called a hemisphere. A hemisphere has two faces. A flat surface which is called the base and a curved surface.

Collection and Presentation of Data A systematic record of facts or different values of a quantity is called data. Data is of two types Primary data and Secondary data. The data collected by a researcher with a specific purpose in mind is called primary data. The data gathered from a source where it already exists is called secondary data. The difference between the highest and lowest values in the given data is called the range of the given data. The number of times a value occurs in the given data is called the frequency of that value.

A table that shows the frequency of different values in the given data is called a frequency distribution table. A frequency distribution table that shows the frequency of each individual value in the given data is called an ungrouped frequency distribution table. A table that shows the frequency of groups of values in the given data is called a grouped frequency distribution table. The groupings used to group the values in given data are called classes or class-intervals. The number of values that each class contains is called the class size or class width. The lower value in a class is called the lower class limit. The higher value in a class is called the upper class limit.

Graphical Representation of Data Graphical representation of data helps in faster and easier interpretation of data. A bar graph uses bars or rectangles of the same width but different heights to represent different values of data.

In a bar graph: 1. The bars have equal gaps between them. 2. The width of the bars does not matter. 3. The height of the bars represents the different values of the variable.

In a histogram: 1. The bars do not have gaps between them. 2. The width of the bars is proportional to the class intervals of data.

3. The height of the bars represents the different values of the variable. 4. The area of each rectangle is proportional to its corresponding frequency. The area of a histogram is equal to the area enclosed by its corresponding frequency polygon.

Measures of Central Tendency The mean of a given set of values is equal to the sum of all the values divided by the total number of values. The median is that value of the given number of observations, which divides it into exactly two parts.The value that lies in the very centre of a given set of values arranged in ascending or descending order, is called the median of the given data. If the number of given values is odd, Median = [ (n+1)/2]th value, where n = number of given values. If the number of given values is even, Median = Mean of (n/2)th and (n/2 + 1)th values, where n = number of given values. The value that occurs the most number of times in a given set of values is called the mode of the given data or an observation with maximum frequency is known as mode. Mean, Median and Mode together are called the measures of central tendencies of data. The central tendencies of data depend on distribution of values and must be considered with other information for effective interpretation of data.

Probability - Experimental Approach Probability is defined as the likelihood or Lesson Demo chance of something occurring. It is widely used in the study of mathematics, statistics, gambling, physical science, Biological science, weather forecasting, finance etc. to draw conclusions. Probability is defined as the numerical method of measuring uncertainty involved in a situation. An experiment is defined as an action or process that results in well defined outcomes. A trial is an action which results in one or several outcome, for example each toss of the coin and each throw of the die are called a trial. An event for an experiment can be defined as the collection of some outcomes of the experiment. Experimental or empirical probability is an estimate that an event will happen based on how often the event occurs after performing an experiment in a large number of trials. The experimental or empirical probability P(E) of an event E happening is given by: P(E) = Number of trials in which the event happened / The total number of trials

Term 1 - Summative Assessment Mathematics Question Paper Set - 1 Time: 3 to 3 hours Max. Marks: 80 1. All questions are compulsory. 2. The questions paper consists of 34 questions divided into four sections A, B, C and D. Section A comprises of 10 questions of 1 mark each, Section B comprises of 8 questions of 2 marks each, Section C comprises of 10 questions of 3 marks each and Section D comprises of 6 questions of 4 marks each. 3. Question numbers 1 to 10 in section A are multiple choice questions where you have to select one correct option out of the given four. Section A

Section B

Section C

Section D

Answers

Lesson Summary erm 1 - Summative Assessment Mathematics Question Paper Set - 2 Time: 3 to 3 hours Max. Marks: 80 1. All questions are compulsory. 2. The questions paper consists of 34 questions divided into four sections A, B, C and D. Section A comprises of 10 questions of 1 mark each, Section B comprises of 8 questions of 2 marks each, Section C comprises of 10 questions of 3 marks each and Section D comprises of 6 questions of 4 marks each. 3. Question numbers 1 to 10 in section A are multiple choice questions where you have to select one correct option out of the given four. Section A

Section B

Answers

Lesson Summary

Term 2 - Summative Assessment Mathematics Question Paper Set - 1 Time: 3 to 3 hours Max. Marks: 80 1. All questions are compulsory. 2. The question paper consists of 34 questions divided into four sections A, B, C and D. Section A consists of 10 questions of 1 mark each, Section B of 8 questions of 2 marks each, Section C of 10 questions of 3 marks each, and Section D consists of 6 questions of 4 marks each. 3. Question numbers 1 to 10 in section A are multiple-choice questions, wherein you have to select the correct option from among those given. Section A 1. The coordinates of the point of intersection of the lines x = 8 and y = 5 are: A. (8, 5) B. (-8, 5) C. (8, -5) D. (-8, -5) 2. x = 2 and y = 5 is a solution of: A. x + 2y = 12 B. x + y = 12 C. 2x + y = 10 D. x - 2y = 10 3. If the angles of a quadrilateral are in the ratio of 2 : 4 : 5 : 7, then its angles measure: A. B. C. D. 4. In the figure given here, PQRS is a parallelogram with PR = 7.8 cm and QS = 6 cm. If PQ and QS intersect at O, then OP= and OQ=: A. 3.7 cm, 3 cm B. 4.9 cm, 4 cm C. 3.9 cm, 3 cm D. 3 cm, 3 cm 5. The region occupied by a simple closed figure in a plane is called: A. Length B. Volume

C. Perimeter D. Area 6. One-fourth of a circular disk is called a: A. Semi-circle B. Quadrant C. Sector D. Arc 7. In the figure given here, if O is the centre of the circle, then x measures:

A. B. C. D. 8. In the figure given here, ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC. Then ar (AOD)= ____. A. B. C. D. 9. The measure of the edge of a cube is 5.5 cm. Its surface area is: A. 172 m2 B. 181.5 m2 C. 160 m2 D. 150.2 m2 10.The probability of getting a number less than 5 in a single throw of a die is: A. B.

C. D. SECTION B 11.Write four solutions of the equation 3x + y = 4. 12.In ABC, D and E are the mid-points of AC and BC, respectively. If DE = 11.5 cm, then find the length of AB. 13.ABCD is a parallelogram. P is a point on AD such that that , then show that AQCP is a parallelogram. 14.In ABC, AD is a median. Prove that ar(ABD) = ar(ACD). 15.In the figure given here, Find If Q is a point on BC such

16.The sides of a triangle are 9 cm, 12 cm and 15 cm in length. Find its area. 17.A hemispherical bowl made of stone is 5 cm thick. If its inner radius is 35 cm, then find its total surface area. 18.18. A coin is tossed 500 times with the following frequencies: Head: 245, Tail: 255 Compute the probability of each event. SECTION C 19.Draw the graph of the equation 2x + 3y = 13, and determine whether x = 4, y = 2 is a solution or not. 20.A shopkeeper makes a profit of 20 per cent on selling a childrens umbrella, and a loss of 10 per cent on selling a normal umbrella, but gains Rs. 10 on selling one of each. If the cost of a childrens umbrella is Rs. x, and that of a normal umbrella is Rs. y, then frame a linear equation that represents the information given. 21.Two opposite angles of a parallelogram measure (60 x) and (3x 4). Find the measure of each angle of the parallelogram.

22.PQRS and ABRS are two parallelograms, and X is any point on side BR. Show that: (i) ar(PQRS) = ar(ABRS)

(ii) ar(AXS) = 23.Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 7 cm, B = 75 and AB + AC = 13 cm. 24.A cylinder is 12 cm high, and the circumference of its base is 44 cm. Find its curved surface area and total surface area. 25.A jokers cap is in the form of a right circular cone of base radius 7 cm and height 24 cm. Find the area of the sheet required to make ten such caps. 26.This table gives the life of 400 neon lamps: Life (in hours)Number of lamps 300 400 400 500 500 600 600 700 700 800 14 56 60 86 74

800 900 900 1000

62 48

(i) Represent the given information with the help of a histogram. (ii) How many lamps have a life of more than 700 hours? 27.In a cricket match, a batsman hits a boundary 6 times off the 30 balls that he plays. Find the probability that he does not hit a boundary off a delivery. 28.Three coins are tossed simultaneously 200 times, with the following frequencies of different outcomes: Outcome 3 heads2 heads1 headNo head Frequency23 72 77 28

If the three coins are tossed simultaneously again, compute the probability of two heads coming up. SECTION D x5 13b 13 y2 a 25 7 From the graph, find the values of a and b. 29.Show that the line segments joining the mid-points of the opposite sides of a quadrilateral bisect each other. 30.In the figure given here, CDAB and CBA = 25. Find x. 31.If each diagonal of a quadrilateral separates it into two triangles of equal areas, then show that the quadrilateral is a parallelogram. 32.The difference between the semi-perimeter and the sides of triangle ABC are 8 cm, 7 cm and 5 cm, respectively. Find its semiperimeter. 33.The graph given here shows the histogram and frequency polygon of the daily expenses of seven groups of tourists. Read the graph and answer the following questions: (i) What is the least daily expense? (ii) What is the highest daily expense? (iii) How many tourists spent an average of Rs. 150 every day? (iv) Determine the average expenditure of the group that had the maximum daily expenses. (v) How many tourists belong to Group D? (vi) Determine the lowest and highest expenditure of the tourists from Group F. (vii) Which group was the largest? How many tourists were there in this group? (viii) Which group was the smallest? How many tourists were there in this group?

Answers SECTION A 1. Answer: (B) The lines x = a and y = b always intersect at the point (a, b). Hence, the point of intersection of the given lines is (-8, 5). 2. Answer: (A) Substitute x = 2 and y = 5 in the equation x + 2y = 12. 2 + 2(5) = 2 + 10 = 12 RHS LHS = RHS Therefore, x = 2 and y = 5 is a solution of x + 2y = 12. 3. Answer: (B) Let the angles of the quadrilateral measure Now, 2x + 4x + 5x + 7x = 3600

Therefore, the angles measure 4. Answer: (C)

The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. Also, 5. Answer: (D) The region occupied by a simple closed figure in a plane is called its area. 6. Answer: (B) One-fourth of a circular disk is called a quadrant. 7. Answer: (A) From the figure, In OPQ, OP = OQ = Radius

( Angles opposite to equal sides in a triangle are equal) We know that the sum of the angles in a triangle is 1800. x + x + 500 = 1800

8. Answer: (A) ABC and ABD are on the same base AB and between the same parallels AB and DC. ar(ABC) = ar(ABD)

9. Answer: (B) Edge = 5.5 cm Surface area = = = 6 30.25 = 181.5 m2 10.Answer: (C) We know that there are only six possible outcomes in a single throw of a die. It may show any number from 1 to 6. However, we have to get a number less than 5. The numbers less than 5 on a die are 1, 2, 3 and 4.

SECTION B 11.Given: 3x + y 4 = 0 y = 4 3x Putting x = 0, we get y = 4 3(0) = 4 0 = 4 Putting x = 1, we get y = 4 3(1) = 4 3 = 1 Putting x = 2, we get y = 43(2) = 4 6 = 2 Putting x = 3, we get y = 4 3(3) = 49 = 5

Hence, the four solutions of the given equation are (0, 4), (1, 1), (2, 2) and (3, 5). 12.Given, DE = 11.5cm By the mid-point theorem, DE is parallel to AB and half of it. ( The line joining the mid-points of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side, and half of it in length) AB=2DE = 2 11.5 AB = 23 cm Hence, the length of AB is 23 cm.

13.Given: AP= AD ----- (i) CQ= BC ----- (ii) AD = BC ( Opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal) Multiplying by on both sides, we get AD= BC AP = CQ ----- (iii) (from (i) and (ii)) ADBC APCQ ----- (iv) From (iii) and (iv): AQCP is a quadrilateral, whose one pair of opposite sides AP and CQ are equal and parallel. Hence, AQCP forms a parallelogram. 14.Given: AD is a median of ABC. To prove: ar(ABD) = ar(ACD)

Proof: ar(ABD) ar(ACD) - - - - (1) - - - - - (2)

We have BD = DC - - - - -(3) [AD is the median on side BC] From equations (1), (2) and (3) we get ar(ABD) = ar(ACD) Hence proved. 15.In PQR,

But

We know that = 750

(Angles in the same segment)

16.If a, b and c are the sides of a triangle, and s is its semi-perimeter, then its area is given by:

Here,

=932 = 54 sq. cm Hence, the area of the triangle is 54 sq. cm. 17.17. Let R be outer radius and r be the inner radius of the bowl. Thickness of ring = 5 cm

Total surface area = CSA of outer hemisphere + CSA of inner hemisphere + Area of ring

= 18935.71 sq. cm

18.Since the coin is tossed 500 times, the total number of trials is 500. Let E be the event of getting a head and F be the event of getting a tail. Then the number of trials in which event E happens is 245. And the number of trials in which event F happens is 255. P (Getting a head)

P (Getting a tail)

SECTION C 19.The given equation is 2x + 3y = 13.

If x = 2,

If x = 5,

Thus, we have the following table for 2x + 3y = 13: x25 y31 Plot the points A (2, 3) and

B (5, 1) on a graph paper. Draw a line passing through points A and B. Line AB represents the graph for 2x + 3y = 13. We can see that the point (4, 2) does not lie on the graph of the equation 2x + 3y = 13. Hence, x = 4, y = 2 is not a solution of the equation 2x + 3y = 13. 20.Given that the cost of a childrens umbrella is Rs x and the cost of a normal umbrella is Rs y. Profit on selling a childrens umbrella

Loss on selling a normal umbrella

Also given that the shopkeeper gains Rs. 10 on every time he sells one childrens umbrella and one normal umbrella. Net profit, 10 =

Hence, the required linear equation is 21.21. Let ABCD be a parallelogram, where A = (3x 4) and C = (60 x). Then A = C [Opposite angles of a gm] 3x 4 = 60 x 4x = 64 x = 16 A = (3 16 4) = (48 4) A = 44 C = (60 16) = 44 Now, A + B = 180 [Co-interior angles, AD BC] 44 + B = 180

 B = 180 44 = 136 Also, D = B = 136 [Opposite angles of a gm] Thus, the angles of the parallelogram are 44, 136, 44, 136. 22.(i) Parallelograms PQRS and ABRS are on the same base RS and between the same parallels RS and BP. ar( gm PQRS) = ar( gm ABRS). Hence, ar(PQRS) = ar(ABRS). (ii) AXS and parallelogram ABRS are on the same base AS and between the same parallels AS and BR.

[ ar ( gm PQRS) = ar (gm ABRS), proved in (i)] Hence, ar(AXS) = 23.Steps of construction: 1. Draw a line segment BC of length 7 cm. 2. At B, construct XBC = 75. 3. With B as the centre and radius equal to 13 cm, draw an arc cutting XB at D. 4. Joint DC. 5. Draw PQ, the perpendicular bisector of DC, and let it intersect DB at A. 6. Join AC. Then, ABC is the required triangle. Justification: Since A lies on the perpendicular bisector of DC, it is equidistant from points D and C. AD = AC (1) Now, BD = 13 cm [By construction] BA + AD = 13 cm BA + AC = 13 cm [Using (1)] Hence, ABC is the required triangle. 24.Let r be the base radius and h be the height of the cylinder. Then h = 12 cm. Given: Circumference of base = 44 cm .

 2 r = 44 cm

r = 7 cm (1) Curved surface area of a cylinder = 2rh

= 44 12 = 528 cm2 Total surface area a cylinder = 2rh + 2r2 = 2r(r + h) = 44(7 + 12) [ r = 7 cm, from (1)] = 44(19) = 836 cm2 Hence, the curved surface area of the cylinder is 528 cm2, and its total surface area is 836 cm2. 25.Let r be the base radius, h the height, and l the slant height of the cone. r = 7 cm and h = 24 cm Slant height (l) =

= 25 cm (1) Curved surface area of one cap = rl cm2 [Using (1)] Curved surface area of 10 caps = 5500 cm2

Hence, the area of the sheet required for 10 caps is 5500 cm2. 26.(i) Taking the life (in hours) along the X-axis, and the number of lamps along the Y-axis on suitable scales, we draw rectangles with class intervals as the bases and the corresponding frequencies as the heights to obtain the required histogram. Note that the scale on the X-axis starts at 300, so a kink ( ), i.e. break is indicated near the origin to signify that the graph is drawn with a scale beginning at 300 and not at the origin. (ii) 74 + 62 + 48 = 184 lamps have a life of more than 700 hours. 27.The batsman played 30 balls, so the total number of trials is 30. He hits a boundary 6 times, so he did not hit a boundary (30 6) = 24 times. Let E be the event that the batsman did not hit a boundary. Then the number of trials in which event E happened = 24 P(Batsman did not hit a boundary) = P(E)

28.28. The three coins are tossed simultaneously 200 times. Therefore, the total number of trials is 200. Let E be the event of getting two heads Then the number of trials in which event E happens = 72 P(Getting two heads) = P(E)

SECTION D 29.Plot the points A (5, 2), B (3, 2) and C (13, 7). Draw a straight line passing through A, B and C. The y coordinate corresponding to the x coordinate 1 is 0. a=0 Through y = 5, draw a horizontal line that meets the graph at a point, say P. Through P, draw a vertical line that meets the X-axis. It will meet the X-axis at x = 9. b = 9

30.Let ABCD be a quadrilateral such that P, Q, R and S are the mid-points of sides AB, BC, CD and DA, respectively. PR and SQ are joined. Join AC, PQ, QR, RS and SP. In ABC, P is the mid-point of AB, and Q is the mid-point of BC. PQ AC and [By mid-point Theorem] . (1)

In ADC, S is the mid-point of DA and R is the mid-point of DC. [Given] SR AC and [By mid-point Theorem] (2)

From equations (1) and (2), we get PQ SR and PQ = SR Thus, in quadrilateral PQRS, one pair of opposite sides is parallel and equal. PQRS is a parallelogram. Since the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other, PR and SQ bisect each other. Hence, the line segments joining the mid-points of the opposite sides of a quadrilateral bisect each other. 31.Join AC and BE. ACB = 90 [Angle inscribed in a semicircle] . (1) In ACB, we have ACB + CBA + CAB = 180 [Sum of angles of a triangle] 90 + 25 + CAB = 180 [Using (1) and CBA = 25, given] CAB = 180 115 CAB = 65 (2) CEB = CAB [Angles in the same segment] . (3) CEB = 65 [Using (2) and (3)] (4) CD AB (given) and CB is the transversal DCB = CBA [Alternate angles] . (5) CBA = 25 [Given] (6) DCB = 25 [Using (5) and (6)] . (7) DEB = DCB [Angles in the same segment] (8) DEB = 25 [Using (7) and (8) . (9) Now x = CED = CEB DEB x = 65 25 [Using (4) and (9)] x = 40 Hence, x = 40. 32.Let ABCD be the given quadrilateral. Diagonal AC separates it into two equal areas such that ar(ACD) = ar(CAB), while diagonal BD separates it into two

equal areas such that ar(DAB) = ar(BCD). Draw CP AB produced, and DQ AB. ar(quad ABCD) = ar(CAB) + ar(ACD)] ar(quad ABCD) = 2ar (CAB) [ ar(ACD) = ar(CAB)] .. (1) Also, ar (quad ABCD) = ar(DAB) + ar(BCD) ar(quad ABCD) = 2ar (DAB) [ ar(DAB) = ar(BCD) .. (2) From equations (1) and (2), we get ar(CAB) = ar(DAB)

CP = DQ Altitude from C of ABC = Altitude from D of ABD DC AB Similarly, AD BC. Hence, ABCD is a parallelogram. 33.Let the semi-perimeter of the triangle be s. Let the sides of the triangle be a, b and c. Given: sa=8 sb=7 sc=5 Adding all the equations, we get (s a) + (s b) + (s c) = 8 + 7 + 5 3s (a + b + c) = 20 3s 2s = 20 s = 20 cm 34.34. (i) The least daily expense is Rs. 100. (ii) The highest daily expense is Rs. 240. (iii) The number of tourists who spent on an average of Rs. 150 is 50. (iv) The average expenditure of the group that had the maximum daily expense is Rs. 230. (v) A total of 45 tourists belong to Group D. (vi) The lowest expenditure of tourists belonging to Group F is Rs. 200. The highest expenditure of tourists belonging to Group F is Rs. 220. (vii) The largest group was Group C, consisting of 50 tourists. (viii) The smallest group was Group G, consisting of five tourists.

Lesson Summary

Mathematics Question Paper Set - 2 Time: 3 to 3 hours Max. Marks: 80 1. All questions are compulsory. 2. The question paper consists of 34 questions divided into four sections A, B, C and D. Section A consists of 10 questions of 1 mark each, Section B of 8 questions of 2 marks each, Section C of 10 questions of 3 marks each, and Section D consists of 6 questions of 4 marks each. 3. Question numbers 1 to 10 in Section A are multiple-choice questions, wherein you have to select the correct option from among those given. Section A 1. If x = 1 and y = 3 is a solution of 3x + 5y = k, then k = A. 16 B. 15 C. 18 D. 17 2. Pencils cost Rs 2 each; pens cost Rs 7 each. John spends Rs 20 on these items. Then the linear equation for the given data is: A. 2x + 7y = 20 B. x + 7y = 20 C. 2x + y = 20 D. 2x 7y = 20 3. In a quadrilateral, if the opposite sides are equal and the diagonals are also equal, then the quadrilateral is a: A. Square B. Rectangle C. Parallelogram D. Rhombus 4. If three angles of a quadrilateral measure 100, 50 and 70, then the fourth angle measures: A. 125 B. 135 C. 140 D. 132 5. The base of a parallelogram is 14 cm, and its distance from the opposite side is 8 cm. Then its area is:

A. 144 cm2 B. 64 cm2 C. 76 cm2 D. 112 cm2 6. The part of a plane enclosed by a simple closed figure is called: A. Volume of the figure B. Planar region C. Angular region D. Area of the figure 7. In the figure given here, the value of x is: A. 120 B. 100 C. 105 D. 102 8. In the figure given here, ABCD is a parallelogram. A circle through A, B and C meets CD produced at E. Then AE = A. ED B. AD C. CD D. AC 9. The total surface area of a hemisphere of radius 14 cm is: A. 942 cm2 B. 2464 cm2 C. 1375 cm2 D. 2104 cm2 10.If the mean of 25, 27, 19, 29, 21, 23, p, 30, 28 and 20 is 24.7, then p = A. 25 B. 31 C. 22 D. 26 SECTION B 11.In the equation 3(x 3) 3(y 1) = 10, if x = 3, then find the value of y.

12. ABCD is a parallelogram. Diagonals AC and BD intersect at O. If ADB = 40, ABD = 25 and DAC = 30, then find DOC. 13. In the figure given

here, if ABCD, ABFE and CDEF are parallelograms, then prove that ar(ADE) = ar(BCF). 14.Diagonals AC and BD of quadrilateral ABCD intersect at O such that ar (BOC) = ar (AOD). Then show that ABCD is a trapezium. 15.Prove that equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at its centre. 16.Find the area of a triangle whose sides measure 20 cm, 30 cm and 40 cm. 17.A rectangular sheet of paper 44 cm 18 cm is rolled along its length and a cylinder is formed. Find the volume of the cylinder. 18.A dice is thrown once. Find the probability of getting (i) a number greater than 2 (ii) a number less than 4. SECTION C 19.Draw the graph of the equation 3x 2y = 4. From the graph, find the coordinates of the point when: (i) x = 2 (ii) y = 7 20.A railway half ticket costs half the full fare. The reservation charges are the same for both half and full tickets. A family of three adults and five children pay Rs 1200 for their travel from Hyderabad to Bengaluru. If the basic fare is Rs x and reservation charge is Rs y, then find the linear equation that represents the given information. 21.In the figure given here, ABCD is a parallelogram. Compute the values of x and y. 22.In the figure given here, ABCD is a parallelogram. AE DC and CF AD. If CD = 12 cm, AE = 8 cm and CF = 10 cm, find AD. 23.Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 8 cm, B = 45 and AB AC = 3.5 cm. 24.Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD in which AB = 7 cm, BC = 6 cm, CD = 12 cm, DA = 15 cm and AC = 9 cm. 25.The thickness of a hollow wooden cylinder is 2 cm. It is 35 cm long and its inner

radius is 12 cm. Find the volume of the wood required to make the cylinder, assuming it is open at either end. 26.Radhika scored 75, 82 and 90 in three Mathematics tests. How many marks must she obtain in the next test to get an average of exactly 85 for the four tests? 27.The weather forecast from a news channel shows that out of the past 300 consecutive days, its weather forecast was correct 210 times. (i) What is the probability that on a given day, it was correct? (ii) What is the probability that on a given day, it was not correct? 28.Three coins are tossed simultaneously 200 times with the following frequencies of different outcomes: Outcome 3 heads2 heads1 headNo head Frequency23 72 77 28

If the three coins are tossed simultaneously again, compute the probability of two heads coming up. SECTION D 29.Draw the graph of the equation 2x + y = 8. Read two solutions from the graph and verify the same by actual substitution. Also find the points where the line meets the two axes. 30.Show that the quadrilateral formed by joining the mid-points of the consecutive sides of a rectangle is a rhombus. 31.Diagonals AC and BD of cyclic quadrilateral ABCD intersect at right angles at E. Line l through E and perpendicular to AB meets CD at F. Prove that F is the mid-point of CD. 32.E, F, G and H are the mid-points of the sides of parallelogram ABCD. Show that . 33.A cone of height 24 cm has a curved surface area of 550 cm2. Find its volume (take ). 34.A die is thrown 500 times with the frequencies for the outcomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 as given in the following table: Outcome 1 2 3 4 5 6 Frequency8050908510095 Find the probability of getting each outcome. Answers 1. Answer:(C) Given: 3x + 5y = k Substitute x = 1 and y = 3 in this equation, we get 3 (1) + 5 (3) = k 2. Answer:(A)

Let the number of pencils and pens be x and y, respectively. Cost of x pencils = 2 x = 2x Cost of y pens = 7 y = 7y Total cost = 20 Hence, the required linear equation is 2x + 7y = 20. 3. Answer: (B) In a quadrilateral, if the opposite sides are equal and the diagonals are also equal, then the quadrilateral is a rectangle. 4. Answer:(C) Let the measure of the fourth angle be x. The sum of the angles of a quadrilateral is 360. 100 + 50 + 70 + x = 360 220 + x = 360 x = 140 Hence, the measure of the fourth angle is 140. 5. Answer:(D) Let b = 18 cm and h = 8 cm We know that: Area of a parallelogram = b h = 14 8 = 112 cm2 Hence, the area of the parallelogram is 112 cm2. 6. Answer:(B) The part of the plane enclosed by a simple closed figure is called a planar region. 7. Answer:(B) Join A and B to any point, say D, on the circle. ACBD is a cyclic quadrilateral.

= 2 500 8. Answer: (B) Given ABCD is a parallelogram.

Then AB DC. i.e. AB EC and AC is a transversal. BAC = ACE (Alternate interior angles) i.e. Angles subtended by AE and BC in corresponding alternate segments are equal. Arc BC = Arc AE BC = AE However, in parallelogram ABCD, BC = AD. AE = AD 9. Answer:(B) For the hemisphere, r = 14 cm Total surface area of hemisphere =

= 4 22 2 14 = 2464 cm2 10.Answer: (A) We know that:

SECTION B 11.Given: 3(x 3) 3(y 1) = 10 Substituting x = 3 in the given equation, we get 3(3 3) 3(y 1) = 10

12.DOC = ODA + OAD

(In a triangle, if one side is extended, then the exterior angle so formed is equal to the sum of two opposite interior angles) 13.ABCD is a parallelogram.

 AD = BC CDEF is a parallelogram. DE = CF ABEF is a parallelogram. AE = BF In ADE and BCF: AD = BC DE = CF AE = BF By SSS criterion of congruence, ADE BCF ar(ADE) = ar(BCF) 14.Given: ar (BOC) = ar (AOD) ar (BOC) + ar (AOB) = ar (AOD) + ar (AOB) ar (ABC) = ar (ABD) ABC and ABD are on the same base AB, and between AB and AC. We know that the areas of two triangles are equal if both are on the same base and between the same parallels. AB DC Hence, ABCD is a trapezium. 15.Let AB and CD be two equal chords of a circle with centre O. In AOB and COD, OA = OC ( OA and OC are radii of same circle) OB = OD ( OB and OD are radii of same circle) Given: AB = CD AOB COD (By SSS congruence rule) AOB = COD (Corresponding parts of congruent triangles) Hence, equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at its centre. 16.Given that the sides of a triangle are 20 cm, 30 cm and 40 cm in length. Let a=20cm,b=30cm and c=40cm. Semi-perimeter

s = 45cm

We know that:

=753.8729 Hence, the area of the triangle is 17.If the sheet of paper is rolled along the length, then the height of the cylinder is 18cm and the circumference of its base is 44cm. Let r be the radius of the base of the cylinder. 2r=44

r=7cm Volume =

Hence, the volume of the cylinder is 18.Total outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Total number of outcomes = 6 (i) Favourable outcomes are 3, 4, 5, 6 Number of favourable outcomes = 4 P(number greater than 2) (ii) Favourable outcomes are 1, 2, 3 Number of favourable outcomes = 3 P(number less than 4) SECTION C 19.Given: 3x 2y = 4

If x = 0, then

If x = 4, then

Thus, we have the following table for 3x 2y = 4: x0 4 y24 Plot points A (0, 2) and B (4, 4) on a graph paper. Draw a line passing through points A and B. Then line AB represents the graph of 3x 2y = 4. From the graph, we see that: (i) When x = 2, y = 1 (ii) When y = 7, x = 6 20.Given: Basic fare = Rs x Reservation charge = Rs y Then fare for one full ticket is Rs (x + y), and for 1 half ticket is It is given that three adults and five children paid Rs. 1200 for their tickets. Fare of 3 full tickets + Fare of 5 half tickets = 1200

Hence, the required linear equation is 21.We know that the opposite angles of parallelogram are equal. 3x 20 = x + 40 3x x = 40 + 20 2x = 60 x = 30 Also, x + 40 + y + 15 = 1800 [Co-interior angles, AB DC] 30 + 40 + y + 15 = 180 [Using equation 1] y + 85 = 180 y = 180 85 = 95 Hence, x = 30 and y = 95.

22.Area of a gm = Base Height or Side Corresponding height Area of ABCD = CD AE = 12 cm 8 cm (1) Also, Area of gm ABCD = AD CF = AD 10 cm (2) From equations (1) and (2), we get AD 10 cm = 12 cm 8 cm

AD = 9.6 cm 23.Steps of construction: 1. Draw a line segment BC = 8 cm 2. At B, construct XBC = 45 3. With B as the centre and radius equal to 3.5 cm, draw an arc cutting XB at D. 4. Join DC. 5. Draw PQ, the perpendicular bisector of DC, and let it intersect XB at A. 6. Join AC. Then ABC is the required triangle. Justification: A lies on the perpendicular bisector of DC, and so it is equidistant from points D and C. AD = AC (1) Now, BD = 3.5 cm [By construction] AB AD = 3.5 cm AB AC = 3.5 cm [Using (1)] Hence, ABC is the required triangle. 24.24. Diagonal AC divides quadrilateral ABCD into two triangles ABC and ACD. Area of quadrilateral ABCD = Area of ABC + Area of ACD. For ABC, we have

Area of ABC

 Area of ABC = 20.98 cm2 For ACD, we have

Area of ACD =

= 54 cm2 Area of quadrilateral ABCD = (20.98 + 54) cm2 = 74.98 cm2 Hence, area of quadrilateral ABCD 74.98 cm2. 25.We have: r = Inner radius of cylinder = 12 cm Thickness of cylinder = 2 cm R = Outer radius of cylinder = (12 + 2) cm = 14 cm h = Height of cylinder = 35 cm Volume of wood = (R2 r2)h

= 22 26 2 5 = 5720 cm3 Hence, the required volume of the wood is 5720 cm3. 26.Suppose Radhika has to obtain x marks in the next test so as to have an average of exactly 85. Mean marks = 85

340 = 247 + x x = 340 247 x = 93

Hence, she must obtain 93 marks in the next test to get an average of 85. 27.Total number of days for which weather forecast was made = 300 (i) Let E1 be the event that the forecast was correct on a given day. Number of days for which forecast was correct = 210 P (Forecast was correct on a given day) = P(E1)

= 0.7 (ii) Let E2 be the event that the forecast was not correct on a given day. Number of days for which forecast was not correct = 300 210 = 90 P (Forecast was not correct on a given day) = P(E2)

= 0.3 28.Since the three coins are tossed simultaneously 200 times, the total number of trials is 200. Let E be the event of getting two heads. Then the number of trials in which the event E happens is 72. P (Getting two heads)

SECTION D 29.Given: 2x + y = 8

 y = 8 2x If x = 0, then y = 8 2(0) = 8 If x = 1, then y = 8 2(1) = 6 Thus, we have the following table for 2x + y = 8: x01 y86 Plot the points A (0, 8) and B (1, 6) on a graph paper. Draw a line passing through points A and B. Then line AB represents the graph of 2x + y = 8. From the graph, we see that the points (2, 4) and (3, 2) lie on the graph. Therefore, x = 2, y = 4 and x = 3, y = 2 are solutions of the given equation. Verification: Substituting x = 2 and y = 4 in the given equation, we get LHS = 2(2) + 4 = 8 = RHS x = 2 and y = 4 is a solution. Substituting x = 3 and y = 2 in the given equation, we get LHS = 2(3) + 2 = 8 = RHS x = 3 and y = 2 is a solution. The line meets the X-axis at (4, 0) and the Y-axis at (0, 8). 30.Let ABCD be a rectangle in which P, Q, R and S are the mid-points of AB, BC, CD, and DA, respectively. PQ, QR, RS and SP are joined. Join AC. In ADC, S is the mid-point of AD, and R is the mid-point of CD. [Given] SR AC and point theorem] (1) [By mid-

In ABC, P is the mid-point of AB and Q is the mid-point of BC. PQ AC and point theorem] (2) From equations (1) and (2), we get SR PQ and SR = PQ [By mid-

Thus, PQRS is a quadrilateral whose one of pair of opposite sides is equal and parallel. PQRS is a parallelogram . (3) Now, AD = BC [Opposite sides of a rectangle]

AS = BQ . (4) [ S and Q are mid-points of AD and BC respectively, given] In APS and BPQ, we have (i) AP = BP [P is the mid-point of AB, given] (ii) PAS = PBQ [Each equal to 90] (iii) AS = BQ [From equation 4] APS BPQ [ By SAS-congruence] PS = PQ [CPCT] (5) PQRS is a parallelogram such that PS = PQ, i.e. PQRS is a parallelogram with two adjacent sides equal. PQRS is a rhombus. Hence, the quadrilateral formed by joining the mid-points of the consecutive sides of a rectangle is a rhombus. 31.Let line l through E and perpendicular to AB intersect AB at G such that EGB is a right angle. In right-angled triangle EGB, we have 1 + 2 + EGB = 180 [Sum of angles of a triangle] 1 + 2 + 90 = 180 [ EGB = 90] 1 + 2 = 90 (1) Now, 2 + BEC + 4 = 180 [GEF is a straight line] 2 + 90 + 4 = 180 [Diagonals intersect at right angle BEC = 90] 2 + 4 = 90 (2) 1 + 2 = 2 + 4 [From equations (1) and (2)] 1 = 4 (3) But 1 = 3 [Angles in the same segment] (4) 3 = 4 [From equations (3) and (4)] EF = FC (5) [Sides opposite equal angles are equal of a triangle are equal] Similarly, we can prove that EF = FD (6) From equations (5) and (6), we conclude that F is the mid-point of CD. Hence proved. 32.AD = BC [Opposite sides of a gm]

 AH = BF (1) [H and F are the mid-points of AD and BC, respectively] Also, ADBC [Opposite sides of a gm] AHBF (2) [A, H, D are collinear points and B, F, C are collinear points] From equations (1) and (2), we get AH = BF and AH BF ABFH is a parallelogram. Parallelogram ABFH and EFH are on the same base FH and between the same parallels FH and BA. (3) Similarly, we have (4) Adding equations (3) and (4), we get

Hence, l2 = r2 + 242 [Using: l2 = r2 + h2] l2 = r2 + 576 (i) Now, Curved surface area = 550 cm2 rl = 550

33.Let r cm be the radius of the base and l cm the slant height. Then,

r2(r2 + 576) = (25 7)2 r4 + 576r2 (252 72) = 0 r4 + 576 r2 (625 49) = 0 r4 + 625 r2 49r2 625 49 = 0 r2 (r2 + 625) 49 (r2 + 625) = 0

 (r2 + 625) (r2 49) = 0 r2 49 = 0 [r2 + 625 0] r=7 Volume =

= 1232 cm3 Hence, the volume is 1232 cm3. 34.Let Ei denote the event of getting the outcome i, where i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Then, P (Getting 1) = P(E1) =

P (Getting 2) = P(E2) =

P (Getting 3) = P(E3) =

P (Getting 4) = P(E4) =

P (Getting 5) = P(E5) =

P (Getting 6) = P(E6) =

CBSE - IX Maths Solved Questions

Question 1

If the sides of a triangle are 13 cm, 14 cm and 15 cm respectively then its area is ____cm2. A) 80 B) 82 C) 84 D) 88 Correct Answer : C Solution : If given by are the sides of a triangle and is the semi-perimeter, then its area is

Here, a = 13, b = 14 and c = 15

s = 21 cm

= 84 cm2 Hence, the area of the triangle is 84 cm2.

Question 2

If the sides of a triangle are 150 cm, 120 cm and 200 cm, then its area is ____ cm2. A) B) C) D) Correct Answer : A Solution : If given by are the sides of a triangle and is the semi-perimeter, then its area is

Here,

and

cm

Hence, the area of the triangle is 8966.56 cm2.

Question 3

If two sides of a triangle are 8 cm, 11 cm and the perimeter is 32 cm, then its area is ____ cm2. A) B) C) D) Correct Answer : A Solution : If and cm are the sides of the triangle and is the perimeter, then

We know that,

Hence, the area of the triangle is

Question 4

If two sides of triangle are 8 cm and 11 cm and its perimeter is 64 cm, then its area is ____cm2. A) B) C) D) Correct Answer : B Solution : If are the sides of the triangle and is the perimeter, then

and

We know that,

Hence, the area of the triangle is

Question 5

If two sides of a triangle are A) B) C) D) Correct Answer : B Solution : Let We know that, and

and the perimeter is 42 cm, then its area is ____cm2.

Hence, the area of the triangle is

Question 6

If the sides of a triangle are 40 cm, 32 cm and 24 cm, then its area is ____cm2. A) B) C) D) Correct Answer : D Solution : If given by the formula: are the sides of the triangle and is its semi-perimeter, then its area is

Here,

and

cm

Hence, the area of the triangle is 384 cm2.

Question 7

If the sides of a triangle are 25 cm, 17 cm and 12 cm respectively, then its area is ____cm2. A) 80 B) 82 C) 90 D) 84 Correct Answer : C Solution : If given by are the sides of the triangle and is its semi-perimeter, then its area is

Here,

and

cm

Hence, the area of the triangle is 90 cm2.

Question 8

If the sides of a triangle are 13 cm, 12 cm and 5 cm, then its area is ____cm2. A) 80 B) 82 C) 30 D) 84 Correct Answer : C Solution : If are the sides of the triangle and is the semi-perimeter, then its area is

given by Here, and

Hence, the area of the triangle is 30 cm2.

Question 9

The sides of a triangle are 12 cm, 13 cm and 15 cm respectively, then its area is ____ cm2. A) B) C) D) Correct Answer : A Solution : If given by are the sides of a triangle and is the semi-perimeter, then its area is

Here,

and

Hence, the area of the triangle is

Question 10

If the perimeter of an isosceles triangle is 30 cm and each of the equal sides is 12 cm, then its area is ____cm2. A) B) C) D) Correct Answer : D Solution : Let the length of the unequal side be x cm. Given, perimeter

We have,

Hence, the area of the triangle is

Lesson Summary

CBSE - IX Maths Solved Questions

Question 1

If A) B) 4 C) 2 D)

then

_____.

Correct Answer : B Solution : Given,

Question 2

is a polynomial in one variable. A) True B) False Correct Answer : A Solution :

Question 3

is a one variable polynomial in

In the third quadrant, the nature of the x and y coordinates is ____. A) x > 0 and y > 0 B) x < 0 and y < 0 C) x < 0 and y > 0 D) x > 0 and y < 0 Correct Answer : B

Solution :

In the third quadrant, the nature of the x and y coordinates is x < 0 and y < 0.
Question 4

If x = 2 and y = 2 is a solution of 2x + ay = 8, then a = ____. A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 2 Correct Answer : D Solution : Given, 2x + ay = 8 Given, x = 2 and y = 2 is a solution. 2(2) + a(2) - 8 = 0 4 + 2a - 8 = 0 2a = 4 a=2 Hence, the value of a = 2.
Question 5

If a straight line falling on two straight lines makes the interior angles on the same side of it taken together less than two right angles, then the two straight lines, if produced indefinitely, meet on that side on which the sum of angles is less than two right angles. A) True B) False Correct Answer : A Solution : If a straight line falling on two straight lines makes the interior angles on the same side of it taken together less than two right angles, then the two straight lines, if produced indefinitely, meet on that side on which the sum of angles is less than two right angles.

Question 6

Any point on the perpendicular bisector of a line segment is equidistant from its end points. A) True B) False Correct Answer : A Solution : Any point on the perpendicular bisector of a line segment is equidistant from its end points.
Question 7

In a right triangle ABC, right angled at B, M is the midpoint of the hypotenuse AC. If the length of the hypotenuse is 12 cm, then the length of BM is ____.

A) 6 cm B) 12 cm C) 4 cm D) 3 cm Correct Answer : A

We know that for a right triangle, the midpoint of its hypotenuse is the circumcentre So, M is the circumcentre of triangle ABC Circumcentre is equidistant from the vertices of the triangle So, AM = BM = CM As M is the midpoint of AC We have,

AM = BM = 6 cm

Question 8

ABCD is a trapezium in which AB is parallel to CD. BD is a diagonal and E is the midpoint of AD. A line parallel to AB is drawn through E intersecting BC at F. If BC is 6 cm, then the length of BF is ____. A) 6 cm B) 2 cm C) 3 cm D) 9 cm Correct Answer : C Solution :

Given, BC = 6 cm Let the diagonal BD intersect line EF at point P. In DAB, E is the mid-point of AD and EP||AB (EF||AB and EP is the a part of EF) P is the mid-point of other side BD of DAB (The line drawn through the mid-point of one side of a triangle, parallel to another side bisects the third side.) Now in BCD, P is the mid-point of BD and PF||DC (EF||AB || DC and AB||DC and PF is a part of EF) F is the mid-point of BC (By Converse of Mid-Point Theorem) EF bisect BC F is the midpoint of BC.

BF = 3 cm
Question 9

If the area of an equilateral triangle is A) 36 cm B) 37 cm C) 37.2 cm D) 36.2 cm Correct Answer : A

then the perimeter is ____.

Solution : Given, Area

a = 12 Perimeter

Hence, the required perimeter is 36 cm.

Question 10

If the sides of a triangle are 13 cm, 14 cm and 15 cm respectively then its area is ____cm2. A) 80 B) 82 C) 84 D) 88 Correct Answer : C Solution : If given by are the sides of a triangle and is the semi-perimeter, then its area is

Here, a = 13, b = 14 and c = 15

s = 21 cm

= 84 cm2 Hence, the area of the triangle is 84 cm2.

Lesson Summary

CBSE - IX Maths Solved Questions

Question 1

If A) 3 B) C) 0 D)

then

____.

Correct Answer : B Solution : Given,

Question 2

If A) -1 B) 2 C) 1 D) 0 Correct Answer : D Solution : Given polynomial is

then the value of

at

is ____.

Hence, the value of

Question 3

at

is 0.

In the second quadrant, the nature of the x and y coordinates is ____. A) x > 0 and y > 0 B) x > 0 and y < 0 C) x < 0 and y < 0 D) x < 0 and y > 0 Correct Answer : D Solution :

In the second quadrant, the nature of the x and y coordinates is x < 0 and y > 0.
Question 4

If x = 2 and y = 2 is a solution of 6x + 2ay = 5a, then the value of a is ____. A) 12 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6 Correct Answer : A Solution : Given, x = 2 and y = 2 is a solution of 6x + 2ay = 5a

Question 5

If a point Q lies between two points P and R such that PQ = QR, then PQ = ____. A) B) C) D) Correct Answer : C Solution : Given, Q lies between P and R and PQ = QR ----- (1) PQ + PQ = PQ + QR (From (1)) 2PQ = PR

Question 6

In the figure below, if ABCD is a quadrilateral, then

and

A) True B) False Correct Answer : A Solution :

From the figure, we have A = 110o, B = 70o, C = 110o and D = 70o For the lines, and is a transversal and

For the lines

and

is a transversal and

and
Question 7

In and and the following congruence conditions are the two triangles congruent?

By which of

A) ASA B) SSS C) SAS D) RHS Correct Answer : A Solution :

In

and

Hence, ABC
Question 8

DEF (By ASA congruence condition)

ABCD is a quadrilateral. P, Q, R and S are the points on the sides AB, BC, CD and DA respectively such that , A) trapezium B) parallelogram C) rhombus D) rectangle Correct Answer : B Solution : , and Then PQRS is a ____.

Given

and

PQ || AC and SR || AC PQ || SR Similarly, we can prove QR || SP Hence, PQRS is a parallelogram.

Question 9

If the height of an equilateral triangle is 8 cm, then its area is ____. A) 42.8 cm2 B) 36.9 cm2 C) 92.2 cm2 D) 34.8 cm2 Correct Answer : B Solution : Given, the height of the equilateral triangle = 8 cm Height

Area of an equilateral triangle

Hence, the area of the equilateral triangle is 36.9 cm .

Question 10

If a cuboid of dimensions 20 cm, 10 cm and 5 cm is melted and cast into a cube, then the length of the edge of the cube so formed will be ____. A) 5 cm B) 10 cm C) 15 cm D) 25 cm Correct Answer : B Solution : Given, the dimensions of cuboid are 20 cm, 10 cm and 5 cm. Volume of cuboid

Also given that the cuboid is melted and made into a cube. Volume of cube

Hence, the length of the edge of the cube will be

CBSE - IX Maths Solved Questions

Question 1

If A) B) 2 C) D) 4

then

____.

Correct Answer : C Solution : Given,

Question 2

The algebraic expression A) True B) False Correct Answer : B Solution : Given algebraic expression is The exponent of the second term, i.e., Hence, the algebraic expression
Question 3

is a polynomial.

is -1, which is not a whole number. is not a polynomial.

If the abscissa and ordinate of a point are negative and positive respectively, then the point lies in the third quadrant. A) True B) False Correct Answer : B Solution : If the abscissa and ordinate of a point are negative and positive respectively, then the point lies in the second quadrant.
Question 4

Which of the following graphs represents the line x - 2y = 3?

A)

B)

C)

D)

Correct Answer : A Solution : Given, x - 2y = 3 2y = x - 3

when x = 0,

 y = -1.5 when y = 0,

x=3

Plot the points (0, -1.5) and (3, 0) on a graph paper and join the points to get the graph of x - 2y = 3.

Question 5

The measure of an angle is 24o less than its complement, then the angle is ____. A) 66o B) 156o C) 33o D) 78o Correct Answer : C Solution : Let the measure of the required angle be x. Measure of its complement = 90o - x Given, (90o - x) - x = 24o

= 33o Hence, the measure of the angle is 33o.

Question 6

In the figure below, AOC and BOC form a linear pair. If x = 75o, then the value of y is ____.

A) 105o B) 115o C) 90o D) 60o Correct Answer : A Solution :

Given, x = 75o Since AB is a straight line, the sum of all the angles on the same side of AB at a point O on it is 180o. x + y = 180o 75 + y = 180 y = 180 - 75 y = 105o Hence, the value of y is 105o.
Question 7

In and and By which of the following congruence conditions are the two triangles congruent?

A) SSS

B) ASA C) SAS D) RHS Correct Answer : B Solution :

In ABC, ACB + ABC + BAC = 180o 70o + 50o + BAC = 180o (:- In a triangle sum of the three angles is 180o) 120o + BAC = 180o BAC = 60o In DEF, EDF + DEF + DFE = 180o 60o + 70o + DFE = 180o (:- In a triangle sum of the three angles is 180o) DFE = 50o In ABC and DEF, we have AB = DF, ABC = DFE = 50o and BAC = EDF = 60o Hence, ABC DFE (By ASA congruence)
Question 8

Following table shows the marks scored by a group of 90 students in a mathematics test of 100 marks.

The probability that a student obtained less than 20 marks is ____. A) B) C) D) Correct Answer : A Solution : Let S be the event of all students in the class

 n(S) = 90 Let E be the event of number of students scoring less than 20 marks n(E) = 7 Probability that a student scores less than 20 marks =

Question 9

The below are the temperature details that were recorded in Alaska in 11 days: -21oC, 0oC, 2oC, -15oC, 0oC, 5oC, -18oC, 7oC, 0oC, -32oC and 21oC. The mode temperature of the data is ____. A) 2oC B) 21oC C) -18oC D) 0oC Correct Answer : D Solution : Given data set is -21oC, 0oC, 2oC, -15oC, 0oC, 5oC, -18oC, 7oC, 0oC, -32oC and 21oC. In the above data, 0oC occurs more number of times. i.e., 3 times. Hence, the mode temperature of the data is 0oC.
Question 10

The diameter of base and the height of a conical house are 14 m and 18 m respectively and the capacity of a rice bag is The number of such rice bags required to fill the conical house is ____. A) 14 B) 24 C) 28 D) 25 Correct Answer : C Solution : Let r be the radius of the base of conical house Given, height = 18 m Diameter of the base = 14 m

Volume of the rice bag Volume of the house

Number of bags required to fill the house

Hence, the number of rice bags required is

CBSE - IX Maths Solved Questions

Question 1

The value of A) 1 B) 3 C) 2 D) 5 Correct Answer : C Solution :

is ____.

Hence, the value of

Question 2

is 2.

If the polynomial A) B) 92 C) 10 D) Correct Answer : A

is divided by

then the remainder is ____.

Solution : Given polynomial is By Remainder Theorem, when is divided by the remainder is equal to

Hence, the required remainder is

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct representation of locating the points (2, 4), (- 5, 3), (- 1, - 3), (2, - 1), (- 3, 0) and (0, - 2) on the graph paper? A)

B)

C)

D)

Correct Answer : A Solution : Plotting the points (2, 4), (- 5, 3), (- 1, - 3), (2, - 1), (- 3, 0) and (0, - 2) on graph paper, we get

Question 4

A pineapple is priced at cost Rs 7 and a watermelon cost Rs 5. Stella spends Rs 40 on these fruits. The linear equation which satisfies the given data is ____. A) 7x + y = 40 B) x + 5y = 40 C) 7x - 5y = 40 D) 7x + 5y = 40 Correct Answer : D Solution : Let the number of pineapples and watermelons purchased be x and y respectively. Cost of x pineapples = Rs 7x Cost of y watermelons = Rs 5y Total cost = Rs 40 Hence, the linear equation which satisfies the given data is 7x + 5y = 40.
Question 5

An angle is 14o more than its complement, then the angle is ____. A) 62o B) 72o C) 52o D) 42o Correct Answer : C

Solution : Let the required angle be , then its complement is 90o - As per the problem, = (90o - ) + 14o = 90 - + 14 2 = 104

= 52o Hence, the required angle is 52o.

Question 6

In the figure below, OA and OB are opposite rays. Then the value of x is ____.

A) 40o B) 35o C) 30o D) 25o Correct Answer : C Solution :

In the given figure, AOC and BOC form a linear pair. AOC + BOC = 180o 4x + 2x = 180 6x = 180

 x = 30o Hence, the value of x is 30o.

Question 7

In the figure below, AB is a line segment and P is its midpoint, D and E are points on the same side of AB such that BAD = ABE and EPA = DPB. If AD = 4.7 cm, then BE = ____.

A) 4 cm B) 7 cm C) 4.7 cm D) 2.7 cm Correct Answer : C Solution :

In APD and BPE, PAD = PBE (Given) APD = EPB (:- EPA + EPD = DPB + EPD) AP = BP (:- P is mid-point of AB) APD BPE (By ASA congruence rule)

AD = BE = 4.7 cm (By CPCT) BE = 4.7 cm

Question 8

A coin is tossed 1000 times with the following frequencies :

Head : 455 and Tail : 545 Then the probability of getting a head is ____. A) 0.455 B) 0.055 C) 0.545 D) 0.0455 Correct Answer : A Solution : Let A be the event of getting a head. n(A) = 455 Let S be the total number of events n(S) = 1000

P(A) = 0.455
Question 9

The marks scored by 20 students is 2, 50, 4, 50, 6, 20, 50, 13, 15, 60, 50, 69, 43, 12, 50, 39, 65, 50, 13, 40 The frequency of 50 in the above data is ____. A) 3 B) 4 C) 6 D) 1 Correct Answer : C Solution : Given, the marks scored by 20 students is 2, 50, 4, 50, 6, 20, 50, 13, 15, 60, 50, 69, 43, 12, 50, 39, 65, 50, 13, 40 Frequency of 50 = 6
Question 10

The ratio of the slant heights of two cones is 5 : 4. If the radius and curved surface area of the first cone are 7 cm and 4070 respectively, then the curved surface area of the second cone whose radius is 14 cm is ____. A) 6512 B) 6412 C) 6262 D) 3451 Correct Answer : A Solution : Let the slant heights of first and second cones be l1 = 5 cm and l2 = 4 cm

Given, radius of the first cone, r1 = 7 cm, Radius of the second cone, r2 = 14 cm, Curved surface area of 1st cone = 4070 cm2

Slant height of the 2nd cone = 37 x 4 = 148 cm Curve surface area of the 2nd cone

= 6512 cm2 Hence, the curved surface area of the 2nd cone is 6512

CBSE - IX Maths Solved Questions

Question 1

If A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

then the values of

is ____.

Correct Answer : C

Question 2

If the polynomial A) 28

is divided by

then the remainder is ____.

B) 1 C) 7 D) 20 Correct Answer : A Solution : Given polynomial is By the Remainder Theorem, when is divided by then the remainder is

= 28 Hence, the required remainder is 28.

Question 3

The correct representation of locating the points (2, 3), (-4, 5), (-5, -6) and (3, -5) on the graph paper is ____. A)

B)

C)

D)

Correct Answer : A Solution : Plotting the points (2, 3), (-4, 5), (-5, -6) and (3, -5) on graph paper, we get

Question 4

On comparing 2x = y with ax + by + c = 0. The values of a, b and c are ____. A) 1, 3 and 0 B) 2, -1 and 0 C) -1, 0 and 2 D) 2, 5 and -2 Correct Answer : B Solution : Given 2x = y 2x - y = 0

Comparing 2x - y = 0 with ax + by + c = 0 We get, a = 2, b = -1 and c = 0.

Question 5

The measure of an angle which is 32o less than its supplement is ____. A) 72o B) 74o C) 75o D) 78o Correct Answer : B Solution : Let the measure of the required angle be x Measure of its supplement = (180o - x) (180 - x) - x = 32 2x = 148 x = 74o Hence, the measure of the required angle is 74o.
Question 6

In the figure below, OA and OB are opposite rays, then

____.

A) 50o B) 90o C) 30o D) 60o Correct Answer : D Solution :

AOB is a straight line, the sum of all the angles on the same side of AOB at a point O on it is 180o. AOC + COD + BOD = 180o (x + 10) + x + (x + 20) = 180 3x + 30 = 180 3x = 150 x = 50o AOC = x + 10 = 50 + 10 AOC = 60o
Question 7

In the figure below, ABC and DEF are two triangles in which AB = DF. If ACB = 70, ABC = 50, DEF = 70 and EDF = 60. Then the congruence condition of the two triangles are ____.

A) SSS B) RHS C) AAS D) SAS Correct Answer : C Solution : Given, ACB = 70o, ABC = 50, DEF = 70 and EDF = 60. In ABC, ( The sum of angles in a triangle is 180o)

In ABC and DEF, AB = DF, and

Hence, the two triangles are congruent by AAS criterion.

Question 8

There are 12 packets of salt, each marked 2 kg. Actually each packet contains the following weights (in kg) of salt: 1.950, 2.020, 2.060, 1.980, 2.030, 1.970, 2.040, 1.990, 1.985, 2.025, 2.000 and 1.980. Out of these packets, one packet is chosen at random. The probability that a packet contains more than 2 kg of salt is ____. A) B) C) D) Correct Answer : D Solution : Total number of packets of salt = 12 Number of packets containing more than 2 kg of salt = 5 The probability that a packet contains more than 2 kg

Question 9

The weights of newly born babies (in kg) in a hospital on a particular day are as follows: 2.3, 2.2, 2.7, 3.1, 2.9, 2.8, 3.0 and 2.4 The range of the weights is ____. A) 0.7 kg B) 0.8 kg C) 1 kg D) 0.9 kg Correct Answer : D Solution : Given data is 2.3, 2.2, 2.7, 3.1, 2.9, 2.8, 3.0 and 2.4 Arranging the above data in ascending order, we get

2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1 Highest value = 3.1 Lowest value = 2.2 Range = 3.1 - 2.2 = 0.9 kg Hence, the range of the given data is 0.9 kg
Question 10

The volume of an iron sphere is The sphere is melted and drawn into a long wire of uniform circular cross section. If the length of the wire is then the radius of the wire is ____. A) 1 cm B) 3 cm C) 2 cm D) 5 cm Correct Answer : C Solution :

Given, volume of the iron sphere Length(height) of the wire, h = 9 cm The wire is in the form of a cylinder Volume of the wire

Also, given that Volume of the iron sphere = Volume of the wire

Hence, the radius of the wire is 2 cm

CBSE - IX Maths Solved Questions

Question 1

If A) 25 B) 125 C) 625 D) 1625

then

____.

Correct Answer : A Solution : Given,

= 25

Question 2

is a factor of A) True B) False Correct Answer : B Solution : Let By the Factor Theorem, is a factor of if

Hence,
Question 3

is not a factor of

If both the abscissa and ordinate of a point are negatives, then the point lies in the ____ quadrant. A) first B) second C) third D) fourth Correct Answer : C Solution : In the third quadrant, the coordinates of a point are of the form (-, -). Hence, if both the abscissa and ordinate of a point are negatives, then the point lies in the third quadrant.
Question 4

A man's age is three times the sum of the ages of his two sons, one of whom is twice as old as the other. In 4 years the sum of the son's age will be half of their father's age. The age of younger son, elder son and father are ____. A) 5 years, 10 years and 45 years B) 4 years, 8 years and 36 years C) 3 years, 6 years and 27 years D) 6 years, 12 years and 54 years Correct Answer : B Solution : Let the younger son's age be x years. The elder son's age be 2x years. The father's age be 3(x + 2x) = 9x years. After four years, the father's age will be (9x + 4) years. The younger son's age = (x + 4) years and The elder son's age = (2x + 4) years Given, 2(3x + 8) = 9x + 4 6x + 16 = 9x + 4 9x - 6x = 16 - 4 3x = 12

x=4 The age of younger son = x = 4 years The age of elder son = 2x =2x4 = 8 years The age of father = 9x =9x4 = 36 years Hence, the age of the younger son, elder son and father are 4 years, 8 years and 36 years respectively.
Question 5

In the figure below, PQ is an incident ray and QR is the reflected ray. QN is normal to the surface AB. If PQR = 124o, then NQR = ____.

A) 62o B) 28o C) 32o D) 64o Correct Answer : A Solution :

Given, QN AB By law of reflection, Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection ---------(1) Given PQR = 124o

NQR + NQR = 124o (from (1)) 2 NQR = 124o NQR = 62o

Question 6

In ABC, A) 45 B) 30 C) 55 D) 40 Correct Answer : C Solution : Given, We know that,

then C = ____.

C = 180 - 125

Question 7

In the figure below, ABCD is a trapezium in which AB||CD, M is the mid-point of AC and N is the mid-point of BD. If AB = 12 and CD = 14 cm, then the length of MN is ____.

A) 14 cm B) 13 cm C) 10 cm D) 11 cm Correct Answer : B Solution :

Given, AB = 12 cm and CD = 14 cm In ACD, M is the mid-point of AC and ME is parallel CD. E is the mid-point of AD (By Converse of Mid-Point theorem)

= 7 cm In ABD, N is the mid-point of BD and E is the mid-point of AD.

= 6 cm MN = ME + EN =7+6 = 13 cm MN = 13 cm
Question 8

In the figure below, QPRS is a cyclic quadrilateral. R and S are two points on the semi-circle described on PQ where PQ is the diameter. If and then the values of PQR and QSR are ____ respectively.

A) 10o and 100o B) 20o and 80o

C) 30o and 100o D) 20o and 90o Correct Answer : A Solution :

In the cyclic quadrilateral PQRS, (:- The sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is o) 180

Given, PQ is the diameter of the circle (:- The angle in a semi-circle is right angle) In PQR,

PQR = 180o - 170o PQR = 10o and QSR = 100o

Question 9

A quadrilateral ABCD whose sides are 9 cm, 40 cm, 28 cm and 15 cm respectively. If the angle between the first two sides is a right angle, then the area of a quadrilateral is ____.

A) B)

C) D) Correct Answer : D Solution :

Given, ABCD be the given quadrilateral such that ABC = 90o In ABC, (By Pythagoras Theorem) = 81 + 1600 = 1681 AC = 41 cm Area of ABC

In ACD, AC = 41 cm, CD = 28 cm and DA = 15 cm Let a = AC = 41 cm, b = CD = 28 cm and c = DA = 15 cm

s = 42 cm Area of ACD

Area of quadrilateral ABCD = (Area of ABC) + ( Area of ACD) = 180 + 126 = 306 cm2 Hence, the area of the quadrilateral ABCD is 306 cm2.
Question 10

A rectangular sheet of paper of size can be made to form the curved surface of a right circular cylinder in two ways. If is the volume of the cylinder made by rolling the paper along the breadth of the sheet and is the volume of the cylinder made by rolling the paper along the length of the sheet, then the ratio of and is ____. A) 4 : 3 B) 5 : 3 C) 3 : 2 D) 4 : 5 Correct Answer : B Solution :

Let and be the radii of two circular cylinders. and be the heights of the two cylinders.

Given, circumference of the base of first cylinder is 30 cm and breadth) Circumference of the base of second cylinder is 18 cm and length) (:- Second cylinder is made by rolling the paper along the (:- First cylinder is made by rolling the paper along the

Now,

Now,

CBSE - IX Maths Solved Questions

Question 1

If A) 0 B) 2 C) -1 D) -2 Correct Answer : C Solution : Given,

then

____.

Question 2

____. A) B) C) D) Correct Answer : C Solution :

Question 3

Which of the following represents the correct plotting of the points (-3, 0), (2, 2), (-2, -3), (2, 4), (0, 4) and (-1, -3) on a graph paper? A)

B)

C)

D)

Correct Answer : A Solution : Locate the points (-3, 0), (2, 2), (-2, -3), (2, 4), (0, 4) and (-1, -3) on graph paper.

Question 4

In the graph of the equations two lines intersect are ____. A) (0, 1) B) (2, 2) C) (2, 1) D) (0, 0) Correct Answer : C Solution : Graph of the equation

and

the coordiantes of the point where the

 x=0 and, x = 4 Thus, the abscissae and ordinates of two points on the line represented by the equation are

By plotting the points (0, -2) and (4, 4) on the graph paper and drawing a line passing through these points, we obtain the graph of the equation as shown in the figure Graph of the equation

x=0 y=3 and, x = 4 y = -1 The abscissae and ordinates of two points on the line represented by the given equation are

By plotting the points (0, 3) and (4, -1) and joining them by a line, we obtain the graph of the equation

Hence, the lines represented by the equations whose coordinates are (2, 1).
Question 5

and

intersect at point P

AB and CD are two parallel lines and a transversal intersects AB at X and CD at Y. Then the bisectors of the interior angles form a parallelogram with all its angles right angles. A) True B) False Correct Answer : A Solution :

AB || CD and is transversal AXY = DYX (:- Alternate angles) PXA = PXY = QYD = QYX = ----- (1) BXY = CYX (:- Alternate angles) ----- (2)

(:- Internal angles on the same side of the transversal) 2 + 2 = 180o + = 90o ----- (3) From figure, PXQ = PYQ = + = 90o ----- (4) In PXY, P + PXY + PYX = 180o P + + = 180o P + 90o = 180o [:- From equation (3)] P = 180o-90o P = 90o ----- (5) In QXY, Q + QXY + QYX = 180o Q + + = 180o Q + 90o = 180o [:- From equation (3)] Q = 180o-90o Q = 90o ----- (6) From (4), (5) and (6), it follows that all four angles of the quadrilateral PXQY are 90o PXY = QYX = PX || QY (:- Alternate angles are equal) PYX = QXY = PY || QX (:- Alternate angles are equal) Hence, PXQY is a parallelogram and all its angles are right angles.
Question 6

In PQR, if P = 30o and R = 70o, then QR is the greatest side of the triangle.

A) True B) False Correct Answer : B Solution :

Given, P = 30o and R = 70o We know that, ( The sum of three angles in a triangle is 180o) 30 + Q + 70 = 180 Q = 180 - 100 Q = 80o In the above three angles, we observe that Q is the greatest angle. Hence, PR is the greatest side of the triangle.
Question 7

PQRS is a quadrilateral. A, B, C and D are the mid-points of sides of PQ, QR, RS and SP respectively. If PR = 6 cm and QS = 8 cm, then the lengths of the sides of ABCD are ____. A) 3 cm, 4 cm, 3 cm and 4 cm B) 3 cm, 7 cm, 3 cm and 7 cm C) 5 cm, 8 cm, 5 cm and 6 cm D) 3 cm, 7 cm, 3 cm and 4 cm Correct Answer : A Solution :

Given, PR = 6 cm and QS = 8 cm A, B, C and D are the mid-points of sides of PQ, QR, RS and SP respectively.

In PQR, PR||AB (By Mid-Point Theorem)

= 3 cm In PSR, PR || DC (By Mid-Point Theorem)

= 3 cm In QRS, QS || BC (By Mid-Point Theorem)

= 4 cm In QPS, QS || AD (By Mid-Point Theorem)

= 4 cm Hence, the lengths of the sides of ABCD are 3 cm, 4 cm, 3 cm and 4 cm.
Question 8

In the figure below, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral whose side AB is a diameter of the circle. If then ____.

A) B) C) D) Correct Answer : A Solution :

Given, ADC = 130o In cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, (:- The sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180o)

ABC = 180o - 130o

From the figure, ACB = 90o (:- Angle in a semi circle is right angle) In ABC, ABC + ACB + BAC = 180o 50o + 90o + BAC = 180o BAC = 180o - 140o = 40o BAC = 40o

Question 9

Sanya has a piece of land which is in the shape of a rhombus. She wants her one daughter and one son to work on the land and produce different crops to suffice the needs of their family. She divided the land in two equal parts. If the perimeter of the land is 400 m and one of the diagonals is 160 m, then the area each of them will get is ____. A) B) C) D) Correct Answer : C Solution :

Given that the field is in the shape of a rhombus and its perimeter is 400 m. Let the rhombus ABCD represents the field. Perimeter = 400 m Each side = 100 m AB = AD = BC = CD = 100 m Let diagonal, BD = 160 m Then semi-perimeter of ABD is given by

= 180 m Area of ABD

Hence, each of them will get an area of

Question 10

The diameter of a roller is 40 cm and its length is 91 cm. The surface area of a garden is 1,14,40,000 sq. cm. The number of rotations that the roller needed to flatten the surface of the garden when the roller was used twice is ____. A) 1000 B) 3000 C) 2000 D) 1500 Correct Answer : C Solution : Given, diameter of the roller = 40 cm Radius of the roller, r = 20 cm Height(length) of the roller = 91 cm The area of the soil flattened by one rotation of the roller is equal to its curved surface area. Curved surface area of the roller

Number of rotations of the roller over the garden during one time = =1000 The number of rotations that the roller needed to flatten the surface of the garden = 2 x 1000 =2000 Hence, the required value is 2000

Lesson Summary